Iinkqubo zovavanyo - inkqubo Ubhaqo imposiso kwimveliso software

Kuphuhliso software, inxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yemveliso isekelwe uvavanyo software. Yintoni na njani na umsebenzi onjalo iza kuxubusha ngayo kweli nqaku.

Yintoni ekuthiwa uvavanyo?

Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo ngokusebenzisa i software ukubona iindawo yokusebenza olungachanekanga ikhowudi. Ukuze ufumane iziphumo ezintle, zakhiwa ngabom iseti linzima lwe data. Eyona njongo ephambili yale uhlolo kukudala ithuba ilungileyo ukusilela software. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha ukuhlola inkqubo equlunqiweyo ibe lula ukuba itsheki lwesiqhelo yokusebenza amandla okwenza imisebenzi. Oku konga ixesha, kodwa idla sikhatshwe unreliability lwe-software, ukunganeliseki yomsebenzisi, njalo-njalo.

ukusebenza

kakuhle kwaye ngokukhawuleza kangakanani na iimpazamo, kube nefuthe elibonakalayo iindleko nexesha zophuhliso izixhobo ezisemgangathweni. Ngoko ke, nangona ukuba abahloli bafumana umvuzo omncinci izihlandlo eziliqela ngaphezu ababhekisi phambili, iindleko zeenkonzo yabo idla ukuya ku-30 - 40% yeendleko yonke le projekthi. Oku kungenxa inani labasebenzi, ekubeni khangela impazamo - le yinkqubo engaqhelekanga kakhulu nzima. Kodwa kwanokuba isoftware udlule inani ehlonelwayo leemvavanyo, akukho 100% isiqinisekiso ukuba isiphoso akuyi kwenzeka. Nje abazi xa zisenzeka. Ukukhuthaza abahloli ukuba bakhethe iintlobo zovavanyo ukuba kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukufumana amadlala, izixhobo izizathu ezahlukeneyo asetyenziswa: zombini lwempatho kunye nezo zinto.

Indlela eya emsebenzini

Le lusebenze kuxa ukuphumeza iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba iimpazamo kwi-software ekungazanga kubekho injalo kwasekuqalekeni. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka uthathe unonophelo koyilo izakhiwo efanelekileyo, imiqathango ecacileyo reference, kwaye kubalulekile ukuba ukwenza uhlengahlengiso kunxibelelwano, xa umsebenzi kwi-project sele iqalile. Kulo mzekelo, i tester ukuya umsebenzi ekufumaneni nokuchonga inani elincinane iimpazamo aseleyo kule eziphumo zokuphela konyaka. Oku kuya konga ixesha nemali.

Yintoni na uvavanyo?

Lo ngumba obalulekileyo kwimisebenzi yohlolo, oyimfuneko ukwenzela ubhaqo ngempumelelo yeziphene zale khowudi. Iyimfuneko ukuze ukulawula yesicelo esilungileyo. Yintoni efakwe kuvavanyo? It iqulathe iinkcukacha kunye nemilinganiselo zazo zokuqala ekufuneka ifunyenwe njengoko nomphumela (okanye esiphakathi). Ukuze ukuchonga ngempumelelo iingxaki nokungangqinelani, iimvavanyo kufuneka ziphuhliswe emva algorithm leyo, kodwa akazange aqale lwenkqubo. Kunqweneleka ukuba usebenzise iindlela ezininzi ulinganisele data efunekayo. Kulo mzekelo, ukwandisa amathuba lokubhaqa impazamo kuba uyakwazi uhlole ikhowudi ngendlela eyahlukileyo. iimvavanyo ezinzima kufuneka uqinisekise iziphumo lwangaphandle ziziveliso ze-software igqityiwe, kwakunye algorithms umsebenzi wakhe. Of umdla ezithile nokubonelela amatyala angcakacileyo ebekiwe. Ngoko ke, kulo mkhuba yeempazamo badla lithi umjikelo usebenza ngamaxesha enye okanye ngaphezulu ngaphantsi kwe ezicwangcisiweyo. Enye into ebalulekileyo uvavanyo computer, apho ukwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubani afumane oko akufunayo koomatshini ezahlukeneyo. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-software uya kusebenza kuzo zonke iikhompyutha. Ukongeza, i-test computer, apho uphuhliso luza kwenziwa, kubalulekile ekudalweni lophuhliso multi-eqongeni.

zokusombulula Arts

Iinkqubo badla zijolise ukusebenza iiseti enkulu data. Ingaba kuyimfuneko ukwenza ngokupheleleyo? No. Egqugqisileyo fumene umkhuba 'miniaturization "of the program. Kule meko kukho ukwehla elifanelekileyo umthamo data njengoko kuthelekiswa oko kusetyenziswa. Makhe sijonge umzekelo: kukho iprogram, nto leyo idala matrix nobukhulu 50x50. Ngamanye amazwi - kufuneka ngesandla ufake amaxabiso 2500. Ngokuqinisekileyo kunokwenzeka, kodwa kuya kuthatha ixesha elide kakhulu. Kodwa ukuze ukuvavanya ukusebenza, isoftwe ufumana matrix ogama Ubukhulu 5x5. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ukuba ufake amanani ngaphezulu kwama-25. Ukuba, kule meko, umsebenzi eqhelekileyo, impazamo-free, oko kuthetha ukuba yonke into ime ngendlela. Nangona kukho iingozi, belele yokuba kunye kwenzeka imeko miniaturization, nto leyo utshintsho uba lokukwekwa kwaye shwaka okwexeshana. Kwakhona inqabile kakhulu, kodwa eyenzekayo kukuba kukho bugs ezintsha.

iinjongo landela

Testing asingomsebenzi lula ngenxa yokuba le nkqubo ayikho efanele ukuba semthethweni luphela. iinkqubo ezinkulu phantse zange babe benchmark oluchanileyo kuyimfuneko. Ngoko ke, njengokuba njengesikhokelo usebenzisa inani data ngqo, kodwa, nakuba kunjalo, akanako ukubonakalisa ngokupheleleyo iimpawu kunye nemisebenzi yophuhliso software olulungiswe. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka zikhethwe kangangokuba kufikelelwe kwisiphumo oluchanekileyo ubalwe ngaphambili iza kuvavanywa njani na imveliso software ukuba. Ukuba ngaba phambili, kuyahenda ingqalelo zonke ngayo, kwaye ukuba ngenxa umatshini uvunayo kuluhlu ezilindelekileyo, oko kuya kwenziwa isigqibo ephosakeleyo, ukuba yonke into ilungile.

Khangela phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo

Njengomgaqo, uvavanyo lwenkqubo kwenzeka imithamo eziyimfuneko ukuze ubuncinane uvavanyo functionality ukusa kumkhamo othile. Imisebenzi lwenziwa kutshintshwe parameters, kwakunye neemeko zabo zokusebenza. Inkqubo yokuvavanya zingahlulwa zibe ngamanqanaba amathathu:

• Khangela phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Kule meko ke ukuvavanya ukusebenza olusisiseko software kuphuhliswa. Isiphumo kufuneka ilingane kulindeleke.
• Khangela kwiimeko ezinzima. Kule meko, ngendlela efanayo nelithi i data kumda, nto leyo enokuchaphazela ngokungalunganga ukusebenza software wadala. Ngokomzekelo, sisebenza kunye amanani kakhulu elikhulu okanye ezincinane okanye ngokupheleleyo ukungabikho ingcaciso efunyenweyo.
• Ukukhangela kwiimeko ezingaqhelekanga. Oku kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwedatha ezingaphaya unyango. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kubi kakhulu xa software uyabubona kuzo luncedo nendlela ekubalwa aze anike yoko zincomeka. Kufuneka ilunyukelwe kakhulu into yokuba kwiimeko ezinjalo kukho alahle nayiphi data ezingenako alungiswa ngokuchanekileyo. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukubonelela ukwazisa umsebenzisi ngayo

Testing: Iindidi

Yenza software ngaphandle impazamo kunzima kakhulu. Oku kufuna ixesha elininzi. Ukuze ufumane imveliso elungileyo lidla kusetyenziswa iintlobo ezimbini zovavanyo: "Alpha" yaye "Beta". Ntoni na ke? Xa abantu bethetha alpha, oko kuthetha kwakhona ukuba lwenziwe ngokwakhe imeko yophuhliso iimeko "laboratory". Eli nqanaba lokugqibela lovavanyo phambi kokuba program iya kugqithiselwa ekupheleni-abasebenzisi. Ngoko, ababhekisi phambili bazama ukuba nijike inani. Kuba lula ukusebenza, data ungafakwa ukwenza ubalo iingxaki nezisombululo zazo. Phantsi beta ukuqonda unikezelo software kwinani eliqingqiweyo abasebenzisi, ukuze bakwazi ukusebenzisa inkqubo ze uchonge iimpazamo ozikhethileyo ephosiweyo. A phawu olulodwa kulo mzekelo kukuba kaninzi software ayisetyenziselwa injongo eyenzelwe yona. Ngenxa yale ukusilela iya kuqatshelwa apho kwakungekho nto ngaphambili. Oku Kuyinto eqhelekileyo kunye worry ngayo ayikho kuyimfuneko.

Ukugqitywa test

Ukuba amanyathelo odlulileyo sele zigqityiwe ngempumelelo, oko uhlala ukwenza iimvavanyo ukwamkeleka. Yena kule meko kuba nje usana kunina. Ngexesha lo vavanyo uza isiqinisekiso ukuba akukho ngxaki ezongeziweyo ziye zafunyanwa kwaye software akhululwe emalikeni. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo iza kuba sisiphumo ekupheleni, ngokusondeleyo kokukhona uya zingqinisiswe. Kufanele kulunyukwe ukuqinisekisa ukuba onke amanyathelo zigqityiwe ngempumelelo. Nantsi inkqubo yovavanyo luphela. Ngoku makhe sijonge iinkcukacha zobugcisa ze uthethe sisixhobo esiluncedo ezifana, njengoko iinkqubo zovavanyo. Oko ke yaye xa kusetyenziswa?

uvavanyo-abasomelezayo kwikhompyutha

Kuqala wacinga ukuba uhlalutyo olutshintshayo kwikhompyutha - kuba indlela enzima kakhulu ukuba zisetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo ukubona iziphene. Kodwa ngenxa yokuntsonkotha okwandayo kunye nomthamo lweenkqubo wabonakala umbono esahlukileyo. ngokwayo esetyenziswa apho eziphambili ebaluleke kakhulu ukusebenza kunye nokhuseleko. Kwaye kufuneka babe ngaphantsi na igalelo. Ngokomzekelo, iinkqubo apho kufanelekile kuvavanyo enjalo, ziquka oku kulandelayo: Izivumelwano womnatha, umncedisi we web, sandboxing. Siza kuqhubekeka nokukhangela iisampulu embalwa, enokusetyenziselwa imisebenzi enjalo. Ukuba unomdla iinkqubo ezamahala uvavanyo, umgangatho kunzima ukufumana phakathi kwabo. Kodwa kukho aqhekekileyo iinguqulelo "pirated" iiprojekthi esekwe kakuhle, ukuze sikuncede iinkonzo zabo.

ukudilika

Esi sixhobo kunceda ukubhaqa iziphene ziyavavanywa iinkqubo kwimowudi uhlalutyo olutshintshayo. It iqokelela iinkcukacha nokuhlalutya ukusebenza nengoma yakhelwe into. Le tester unikwa iseti wegalelo ezidala imposiso okanye uzakufun aukugqithisa kwelikhoyo lweengxaki. Ngenxa uvavanyo kakuhle algorithm oluphuhliswe inani elikhulu ngeemeko kunokwenzeka. Le nkqubo ifumana iseti ezahlukeneyo data igalelo, ezivumela ukuba zilinganisa inani elikhulu ngeemeko nokudala iimeko apho kunokwenzeka xa kukuvela ukusilela. Ingenelo ebalulekileyo yale nkqubo ukusetyenziswa engenayo heuristic. Ukuba kukho ingxaki, ngoko ke impazamo isicelo kusenokwenzeka kakhulu. Kodwa le nkqubo kwempembelelo kuphela ngetsheki ophawulwe igalelo isokethi enye okanye ifayile. Xa ukwenza umsebenzi onjalo njengokuba Iinkqubo zovavanyo ziya siqulathe inkcazelo eneenkcukacha malunga iingxaki isalathisi null, kweziporo ongenasiphelo, iidilesi ezingachanekanga okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwamathala eencwadi. Kakade ke, oku akuthethi uluhlu olupheleleyo iimpazamo zaqatshelwa nemizekelo yazo azixhaphakanga. zintswelo ukulungisa, yeha, kufuneka abaphuhlisi - iindlela automated ayifanelekanga ukuba isetyenziselwe le njongo.

KLEE

Le yiprogram elungileyo yokuvavanywa inkumbulo. Kunokuba komisa nama-50 iminxeba inkqubo kwaye inani elikhulu lweenkqubo virtual oko wabulawa ngokunxuseneyo okanye ngokwahlukeneyo. Kodwa ngokubanzi, udweliso lwenkqubo ukhangela kwezinye iindawo ibitheni, kwaye neenkqubo inani eliphezulu okunokwenzeka lwekhowudi kwaye hlalutyo lululo kusetyenziswa iindlela data. Ngenxa yoku, inkqubo yovavanyo ixhomekeke kubungakanani into. Xa kokuhlola ubhejo obekwe kwi iinkqubo zokomfuziselo. Bona yenye yeendlela kunokwenzeka ukuba enze imisebenzi kwinkqubo oko kuvavanywa. Ngenxa ukusebenza ukufana kunokwenzeka ukuba ukuhlalutya iqela elikhulu yokwahluka umsebenzi kwesicelo test. Endleleni ngalinye iiseti data igalelo agcinwe emva uvavanyo wayo, nto leyo eyaqala kunye itshekhi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iinkqubo zovavanyo besebenzisa KLEE kunceda ukuchonga inani elikhulu ombane, kuba ekufuneka. Oku uyakwazi ukufumana iingxaki nkqu kwizicelo ukuba ziphuhliswe eminyaka.