Ngenxa yoko, wabumba gquma? diluvium

Intsalela zeengxondorha ziyashukuma glacier kwi imigama ezahlukeneyo, apho ukusekwa gquma. Njengenxalenye yale mass ezahlukeneyo inokufumaneka amasuntswana udongwe, isanti, iintsalela igrabile, kwakunye iimilo ezahlukeneyo Isanti amatye ukuba striated ngendlela ethile kwaye vee kumphezulu wayo.

iidipozithi Glacial kunye zomhlaba

Ezihambayo abanenxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo ekubunjweni mphandle Yomhlaba. Bona eqalisiweyo imozulu yale mimandla polar ngokugabadelayo ezintabeni. intshukumo glacier ibangelwa ngomnye iimpawu umkhenkce, ukukwazi ukutshintsha indawo xi ethile. Ngelo xesha linye indawo ebalulekileyo eyayikuyo plasticity komkhenkce, nto leyo eyandisa ngokomlinganiselo ngqo kwiqondo lobushushu. Njengoko umthetho, intshukumo ithatha indawo ubunzulu imitha-30.

Xa uqhuba angalutshintsha ifom eyintsusa ngumkhenkce kwakhiwa shifts, iintanda, emphethweni iimilo kwaye abe nobukhulu obahlukeneyo. Ke ukuba isantya intshukumo, ngoko avareji ukuba ezincinane, ukuya 100 metres ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngenxa ukunyibilika komkhenkce kwakhiwa nokuhamba meltwater kunye namachibi yonke glacial, nto leyo ibandakanya ukuyilwa entsha, satshintsha ukwakheka yesibambiso kunye notshintsho landscape.

Types of iidipozithi glacial

Phantse isinye kwisithathu ngaphantsi komhlaba ifihle ezihambayo unangoku. Ngoku ke nani yi-10%. Nditsho glaciation olunye kunokubangela utshintsho zehlabathi. Zonke iidipozithi ice zingahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini ezinkulu: ezibekwe kwaye engalungiswanga.

Ukuphendula umbuzo, kunye result Obumbe gquma, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa iidipozithi glacial ehlobene naluphi na uhlobo. Ngokupheleleyo engalungiswanga ayikwazi ukuba igama, nangona ekuso kweli qela. Morena i ingqushu kakubi ngayo, nokuba ifane ngqo isalinde Glacier.

Enye didi lubandakanya iintsalela glacial zinokulungiswa ngayo amanzi. kunjalo bahlukene kwi-Division kufutshane glacier, xa ukudibana ngqo nalo, yaye iintsalela ezithe nahlanjwa phesheya kwemilambo okanye yimisinga zaphela.

Imali kwi glacier contact

Ilungiswe iidipozithi glacial baxomoloza isakhiwo ezahlukeneyo, apho uyakwazi ukubona Ukwahluka iifom isiqabu. Of umdla ezona iidipozithi kwi adibane glacier. Loo ukubunjwa njengoko masimu kame basuka ukuqokelela iindidi ezahlukeneyo ecaleni udini umkhenkce glacier, akukho kukhethwa ezihlanjeni kunye namachibi. Xa umkhenkce zanyibilika, amaqhekeza babohlulwe ngasemacaleni asezintlanjeni. Abo kuwa phantsi ngumkhenkce, kwakhokelela ekubeni ehlala kunye landslides. A entabeni ekuthiwa kamami esifundileyo.

Eskers - esinye intlenga ehleliweyo glacial, ngokungathi ngumtshangatshangiso-ezifana nasentshonalanga, eliquka amatshe amakhulu kunye nesanti luhlalu. Kanye phezu nexesha kwi emazantsi kwimisele Itonela kunye abafane alukhethileyo komhlaba.

Gquma: indlela uphawu E. V. Shantseru

moraines ezinkulu iqanjwa amasuntswana ezahlukeneyo ngobukhulu, ukusukela ngodongwe kunye nesiphelo kunye litye. iimpawu uphawu na ukwenzeka areal, zomelele uhlobo clastic eziphathekayo kunye akukho maleko ezicacileyo. izinto eyongezelelweyo oyintlanganisela olu hlobo gquma, ebonakala ezixineneyo, kungenzeka amaplanga iintsalela, Nedlac ngokupheleleyo kule ndawo. Ngenxa iyahlala layo, lo nto ingasetyenziswa inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yokwakha.

Ukubunjwa kunye iimpawu umbala gquma kunempembelelo enkulu lobume zejoloji glacier. Xa linyibilike kwintlambo kumathambeka inani elithile uhlobo maleko longline nga eyenza yonke masimu gquma. Le iidiphozithi midala nobutyobo evakalala ukuba enziwe mpuluswa okanye wahlamba ngokupheleleyo kude namanzi anyibilike, imilambo intaba lesiphithiphithi.

Morena yabhalwa kwingxelo glacial

neetyuwa iqela Glacial ephawuleka ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, yaye iquka:

• moraines glacial;
• neetyuwa glaciofluvial ukusuka ukunyibilika ezihambayo;
• limnoglyatsialnye yokutyiwa yamanzi glacial;
• deposit solifluction;
• neetyuwa glacial zasemanzini.

Ngenxa yoko, wabumba gquma? Ezi iidipozithi ice ezakhiwe abalufumani ezibekwe namaqhekeza babe uhlobo njengeemfumba iibhloko ezahlukeneyo, amatye, ugalelwe ngesanti nodongwe. Xa uqala kuqala, yonke ubunzima ngokupheleleyo indlela ozenzekelayo, kodwa ayikho. Emva kokuphonononga ngakumbi nangakumbi oko kunokwenziwa isigqibo sokuba ukunyibilika komkhenkce engaphakathi ngeengcamba gquma idluliselwa isiseko salo. Kodwa maxa wambi a strong imisinga phantsi-ice ukuba ndakuhlambulula gquma, ngenxa yokuba kukho inani elikhulu nezinkulu ezinkulu.

iintlobo ezintathu moraines

moraines glacial izinto kweentlobo ezintathu. gquma glacial Internal akhiwa kwii-doti kweemaleko ephakathi ngumkhenkce. Ngexesha intshukumo umkhenkce abangalinganiyo abahleli kunye kuwa phezu endleleni zeengxondorha, ukuze kuvuleke, isanti kunye nodongwe sezwe. gquma Ezantsi akhiwa sisusa kwaye ukudlulisa iintsalela iliwa, kwaye ngakumbi, kuxhomekeka kwiimeko ezithile amandla kunye nesantya nentshukumo ethwele izinto eqokelelwe ngokwako, isiseko kunye ingxenye yaso omkhenkce.

moraines Terminal bayazibhijabhija, njengoko umthetho, ngomhla ngohlangothi glacier. Ezi namawa egcwele lunamahlwili amhlophe kwakheka xa kratya glacier yaba ixesha elide kwindawo enye, kwaye ngexesha elinye Glacier uwuhlangule izinto apha rhoqo entsha detrital. Oku kunokwenzeka xa kwimeko izithintelo ze ukuhamba glacier ngenxa naziphi na uqikelelo okanye eminye imiqobo. gquma Ukuphela kunye ukubonakala kwazo ifuze iinduli emikhulu ukuba ngaxeshanye omnye komnye. izakhiwo ezinjalo ziquka nje kwaphela iliwa eziqinileyo, kodwa umaleko evakalala umlambo okanye echibini neetyuwa leyo wathabatha glacier.

Gquma: yokwahlukanisa mechanical

Kumafa layo, lo gquma i zilingo kakhulu. Ezi ndidi zilandelayo gquma glacial:

• ezazibangelwa;
• njengentlabathi;
• obambe sandy;
• osisivunda;
• udongwe.

Xa uhlobo olunyulu gquma kakhulu ezinqabileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwiindawo ezithile kuqamba mixed. Ukubona yaye bafunde iidipozithi glacial kakuhle, omnye isifundo zamatye kunye nezinto akwanelanga, kufuneka ukuqonda ulwalamano lwabo paragenetic kunye namanye amaziko.

iimpawu ekhethekileyo gquma

izinto Multi-sifuba ikhethiwe glacier ukutyibilika, apho gquma kuyilwa, leyo zombini kuthuthwa (ezinokususwa) zila (ice owahluliweyo iimanyano ice iindidi genetic). Morena uyakwazi khona njenge uhlobo olwahlukileyo landscape glacial. Ikakhulu akhiwa neetyuwa evakalala ukuba okufana ezinkqantosini, drumlins kunye neenduli gquma kunye imikrolo.

iidipozithi Water-glacial efunyenwe ngexesha neentlenge kwiingcamba engentla glacier. Morena olu hlobo ke uzala luhlalu yomgrayo kuvuleke enkulu. iidipozithi End kwenziwa kwindawo yokugqibela senyathelo glacier ukuya ekuqaleni ngokunyityilikiswa. Gquma ukwakhiwa izimbiwa (zwi, mica, feldspar) kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi ematyeni ngokwabo podmyatyh phantsi ice umzimba. Oku kunikwa ifuthe kwisikhundla sokuba gquma glacial mass, ngokunjalo njengokuguqula neenkqubo iintsalela phakathi nohambo ixesha elide.

iidipozithi Glacial zombini elizwekazi weentaba. Ahluke kwiqela parameters, ingakumbi iinkqubo isiqabu ukubunjwa imilo, ukwakhiwa kunye neendidi intlenga.