Ireland, Dublin. Flag of Ireland - photo. Dublin - Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo

E Northern Europe, kukho ubuhle emangalisayo kwilizwe layo - Ireland. Dublin - elikomkhulu kwiriphabliki. Uqhekekile umzi emi ekudibaneni wesiza. Lofii e Dublin Bay, nto leyo ibekwe kuLwandle Irish. indawo balo babulingana nekhulu elinesihlanu ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Dublin sisizibuko iphambili kweli lizwe, ukongeza, yena lisebenza njengeziko lobomi kwezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nezenkcubeko kaRhulumente.

Imvelaphi yegama

Kukholelwa ukuba "Dublin" wabonakala ilizwi ngenxa ngokudibana amagama amabini Irish - ". Black" "Dubh" yaye "Linn", bona bubonakala "pool" yaye Noko ke, abanye abaphandi baye babuza le nguqulelo, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba igama ikomkhulu likaThixo wabumba indibaniselwano igama yaseScandinavia «djup lind» -. «Enzulu mlanjana" Noko ke, ababhali-mbali abaninzi kunye iingcali zeelwimi, owokuqala ukhetho ibonakala lililo ngakumbi.

njani Irish mihla kubiza umzi wabo ngolwimi lwabo lweenkobe? Baile Atha Cliath. Liguqulelwe, lithetha "yokuhlala e izibuko." Esi sihloko lidla indawo basisishunqulelo kuni. Xa isixeko mihla zibuhlungu uguqulelo Anglo-Irish igama belingana kunye enjengozalwayo Irish.

ulwazi zembali

YaMandulo nokuba kweli lizwe - Ireland? Dublin, umzekelo, ngo-140 BC wayesele yokuhlala bamaCelts ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo kunye weemonki. Kamva waba ligwiba yezikumkani yaseScandinavia kwi siqithi. Ngo-902, i-Vikings bagxothwa Dublin, kunye nabantu bomthonyama, kodwa Scandinavians abanxaxhayo babuyela ezweni omiweyo 917 ngo-1014 i kwedabi Clontarf, apho kumaCelts eyayikhokelwa ukumkani wabo Brian Boru woyisa umkhosi Viking. party wahlasela ngqo lo mgaqo-nkqubo uxolo izivumelwano ngamakhonckco, ngokuvumela Vikings ilawule emasimini abo amathathu eminyaka ezayo.

abanemvume

Ngowe-1169 ke ahlasela ngamatutu Henry II Plantagenet Ireland. Dublin ngenxa uloyiso abahlaseli waba ligwiba lorhulumente yaseBritani. Ngenxa ukuqondwa kwe-Pope, uHenry II wavakalisa Nkosi Ireland kunye nedolophu royal ukhankanywe ngentla. Oku kwenzeka ngo-1171. Emva koko, boyisa Anglo-uNorman waqalisa ukuba ufunxe ngokukuko inkcubeko yasekuhlaleni, bafunda ulwimi Irish kunye namasiko. Ukususela ngoko, waza waqalisa close, nangona kusoloko ubudlelwane elula phakathi Irish kunye IsiNgesi.

ikoloni

Tudor uzifunele ukuqinisekisa ukuba yena wathobela zonke Ireland. Dublin njengoko dolophu engundoqo le yindawo umdla ethile.

Ngowe-1592, ngenxa yemigudu Queen Elizabeth i Okokuqala, xa ikomkhulu ekholejini "Emnye" yasungulwa. Waye isikolo lobuProtestanti ukuba izikhulu Irish. Dublin Iziduko acebe wala ukuba bafundise abantwana babo apho. Endaweni yoko, izikhulu lendawo inzala yokugcina aya kwizikolo zamaKatolika kwilizwekazi.

Emva koko, abasemagunyeni baseBritani baye benza inani lotshintsho ukuze kunyanzeliswe uninzi yamaKatolika iimfuno zawo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-British entsha idale esiyintsika kulawulo eli lizwe. Le meko yabonakala de kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.

Kule 1640s, amawaka obuProtestante abalekela Dublin. Kwesihloko yayisecicini lemvukelo. Izixholoxholo kweso sivumelwano, kodwa amaKatolika wahlala kwabambalwa.

features Physiographic

Modern Dublin yahlulwe iinxalenye ezimbini kuphantse kulingana - angasentla nangasezantsi - umlambo Liffey. It busuka entshona ukuya empuma kwaye aqukuqela kuLwandle Irish. Umlambo ixesha elide alubonwanga umqobo ngenxa zokuxinana kwamanzi kakhulu kwi abangakwaziyo osentshona umlomo. Ukutyhubela iinkulungwane eziliqela, le ngxaki isonjululwe Bulelani ukuzaliswa emanzi kunye nokomelezwa ozimiseleyo manzi. Okwangoku, kukho umkhwa ukuphakamisa umgangatho yamanzi Liffey.

data zezulu

Ingaba isimo sivune Dublin? Capital luphawulwa utshintsho ezincinane lobushushu, kuba shushu kakhulu ehlotyeni epholileyo. Ozithobayo ngoJuni nangoJulayi. Imvula e Dublin malunga ezimbini amaxesha ngaphantsi e Western Ireland, kwaye ngokufanayo kwi London. Kaninzi oko imvula ngo-Agasti noDisemba. sezulu owomileyo kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ngo-Epreli. I-avareji imvula ngonyaka kwi 762 mm. Oku ngaphantsi kune, umzekelo, eNew York, Sydney okanye eDallas.

imephu Geographic of Dublin sikuvumela ukuba ubone ukuba isixeko xa inkululeko eliphezulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, kwikomkhulu kwi ehlotyeni kuba kukukhanya iiyure elinethoba ngosuku, yaye ebusika - nje phambi ezilithoba.

Isixeko yenye eyenzwe ngokwemiqathango iintlekele zemvelo. Yena wayengoyiki tsunami, iinyikima zomhlaba, iinkanyamba kunye neenkanyamba. E Dublin ngamanye amaxesha yozigqabhuza yimimoya enamandla gusty, kodwa Ireland ubunzima kubo kwezinye izixeko kakhulu ngakumbi.

Iingcali ziye zachongwa umahluko lobushushu ezincinane phakathi embindini kunye ongaphandle ingqukuva. Ngoko, xa intliziyo isixeko izidanga amabini okanye amathathu ezifudumeleyo. Obubanda ngoDisemba, ngoJanuwari noFebruwari. Kweli thuba ukususela kuNovemba ukuya ku April qhwa awe, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo linyibilike kwisithuba seentsuku ezine ukuya kwezintlanu. Iindudumo zinqabile, ngokuqhelekileyo ehlotyeni.

ephehla

Esi sixeko phantsi kolawulo Dublin City Council. Lo mzimba ummeli. Ukunyulwa amalungu zibanjwa qho emva kweminyaka emihlanu. Endaweni zeBhunga bangafaneleka abameli oluntu kunye namaqela ezopolitiko. Lelona candelo likhulu amagunya kamasipala yonke Ireland. IBhunga ujongene nezihlomelo iindleko, ulawula lwabiwo-mali lukamasipala. Ukongeza, kwindawo yayo zojoliso - umgangatho iindlela, amanzi kunye nempilo yoluntu. A osemqoka umzimba - umphathi umzi. ofisi Central ise kwisakhiwo kwi eweni ngasezantsi. Liffey kufutshane nombindi komkhulu.

Economy, izibonelelo

Le entsha yeminyaka weza nayo ukwanda okubonakalayo-ntle yabemi weRiphabliki Ireland. Dublin (ifoto kwesi sixeko ezintle thaca kwinqaku) kule nkalo kungekho ngaphandle. Ngoku uthatha indawo elinesithandathu kwi simo ezininzi izixeko ibiza ehlabathini. Ngelo umvuzo xesha nayo phakathi aphezulu.

Isebe iphambili isixeko kangangeenkulungwane eziliqela usengozini. A nomnikelo foamy ezaziwayo-kakuhle Guinness ukuba ukwenziwa Dublin ukususela 1759. Okwangoku kwikomkhulu isebenza imibutho emininzi mveliso ngokukodwa xa kusenziwa kweemveliso zoxubo mayeza. Ukongeza, eziphambili iinkampani abazibandakanya information technology, kakhulu, kufuneka ii-ofisi zabo e Dublin kunye emaphandleni ajikelezileyo. Phakathi kwezi yamaRefa Google, Microsoft, PayPal, Amazon, kunye Yahoo!. Company Hewlett Packard kunye Intel ungumnikazi mveliso ezinkulu Kidler County, ibekwe neekhilomitha ezilishumi kwintshona kwikomkhulu.

Kutshanje e Dublin kuqoqosho nangakumbi indawo zebhanki. Ngoko ke, lo mzi zisebenza ngempumelelo Commerzbank kunye Citibank isebe.

Ngexesha boom kwezoqoqosho nangakumbi ukwakha, yaye namhlanje kule ndawo kucingwa umthombo engundoqo imisebenzi. Noko ke, ngo-2007 Dubliners senze ingxaki yokungaqeshwa ngenxa yokuba esi siphakamiso siye phambili lwesinyanzelo nakwiimalike zengqesho. Namhlanje, ngenkuthalo hlola iindawo okuhlazisayo industrial aloo mzi, kukho liyanda inani izakhiwo kumacala ahlukeneyo. Phakathi izicwangciso kwixesha elizayo - nokwakhiwa komhlaba.

Kwisixeko kukho kumaziko amane emfundo ephakamileyo. Eyona idumileyo - i-University of Dublin, kuba nalo omdala.

Lé inkcubeko

Dublin - kwazalelwa abantu abaninzi abanetalente. Ihlabathi liphela uyazi malunga abantu abaziwayo owazalelwa kulo mzi. Phakathi kwazo kukho Semyuel Bekket, eGeorge. George Bernard Shaw Uilyam Batler Yeyts, Dzhonatan Svift kunye Apocrypha Uayld kunye Bram Stoker. Noko ke, eyona idumileyo Dublin Bulelani ubuchule kaYakobi Joyce. Nguye ngomnye wabaseki kwimpucuko kwiincwadi. Umzobo umbhali ingabonwa maxa wambi bill mahlanu. imisebenzi Joyce kaThixo azele iinkcukacha yabo ubomi bexesha lakhe owayehlala Dublin.

Kwikomkhulu, wavula Museum National of heraldry. Ibisekwe iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu eyadlulayo - ngo-1908, yaye yenye iimyuziyam ezindala emhlabeni izifundo ezifanayo. Akukho kangako umdla ngayo ukutyelela Irish Museum of Art Modern.

Dublin. lwalunjani emzini

Cathedral St. Patrick yeyona inkulu izakhiwo ezinjalo Ireland. Ngelo xesha lithile umphathi odumileyo Dzhon Svift, owaba wabulela edumileyo umsebenzi wakhe ngokuba "Uhambo Gulliver kaThixo."

Dublin Castle ngoku yindawo dislocation karhulumente siqithi. Kuye kwakhiwa ngokwemiyalelo kaKumkani Ioanna Bezzemelnogo ukuze sizikhusele kuhlaselo ze ngokusemthethweni. Le nqaba kuvulelekile kubakhenkethi, ukuba akuyi kubanjwe iintlanganiso ezibalulekileyo kurhulumente.

"Spire of Dublin" i ezibalaseleyo bobugcisa umzi. Le tshe siyabonakala phantse kuzo zonke iingongoma kwesihloko. Uyilo "yenaliti" ilula: kwi eemitha 121 ukuya uyenyuka ngokuthe tapering spire ngentsimbi.

Dublin Territory Botanical Garden ayiphucukanga ngokwenene; phezu kwamawaka angamashumi amabini anesihlanu eka ezingaphezu kwama amabini amawaka iintlobo ngeentlobo flora evela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Le ndawo ngentlonelo obizwa ngokuba intliziyo uhlaza isixeko Dublin.

Okubonwayo kwengqukuva ayipheli apho. A indawo owuthandayo uhamba Dubliners usoloko ngokuba Garden Wesikhumbuzo. Kukho sisikhumbuzo kwinkumbulo abo Wabunikela ubomi babo ngenxa well-being nokuzimela siqithi. Nangona sizathu silusizi ngayo, le ndawo izele nokubengezela yendalo ubomi ngenene.

Le ndawo zendawo ungabona njenge nezilwanyana zengingqi eziqhelekileyo kunye nabameli ezizodwa zezilo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba abahlohli beli ziko bonke kuthetha ukuxhasa yokulinganisa yemvelo yayiyeyona kwiiwadi zabo.

ngeendlela intshukumo

inothungelwano lwezothutho Metropolitan imelwe-high speed oololiwe zombane kunye neebhasi. Ixabiso itikiti kuyahlukana nedlela ixesha hambo kwaye kuluhlu 1.65-4.3 euro. On efumanekileyo amatikiti ukuba zivumeleke koololiwe neebhasi. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umsebenzi uthutho ezidolophini sezicetyiwe iqala ngentsimbi yesithandathu kusasa luze luphele ngecala emva kwentsimbi yeshumi elinanye ebusuku. Ngexesha leholide, eli thuba ukuze umfundi azinabisele ngokuthi lolawulo lweengingqi.

link

Inkqubo yonxibelelwano yesixeko uyahlangabezana imigangatho kakhulu olungqongqo kunye nendlela. Xa iintlobo koomatshini zefowuni ombhaxa, kunye iinkozo ungakwazi ukuhlawula nge ikhadi lebhanki. Noko ke, kufuna ukuba amakhadi sefowuni ezizodwa zibiza sitshiphu ukusithenga kubo kwiivenkile ezinkulu, kuzo zonke newsagents kunye izikhululo zepetroli.

zonxibelelwano Mobile ngaphesheya siqithi sisebenze standard GSM. Yinkonzo ukuzulazula oku ifumaneke uninzi zamandwendwe asuka ngaphandle kweli. Ezizezinye - ukuthenga i-SIM-card Irish. Abaqhubi bendawo kakhulu zithandwa - O2 kunye inthanethi.

Phuma kwi-World Wide Web banokuba naliphi na isebe elikhulu zonxibelelwano okanye kwikhefi ye-intanethi.

uphawu karhulumente

Ireland Flag (iifoto kuyabonakala ngezantsi) i ababandakanya bands ezintathu. Bona zipeyintwe ngemibala zilandelayo: amhlophe - kweli ziko, eluhlaza - edge umkhonto, orange - kuba free. Kulo mzekelo, umbala wokuqala kungumqondiso seluxolweni phakathi iicawa, okwesibini - amaKatolika, eyesithathu - amaProtestanti. Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala iflegi wenza njengophawu yesizwe ngo-1916. Emva koko ke wavuswa phezu eposini eyinkunzi ngethuba kubhiyozelwa iPasika.

ixesha Dublin

Minyaka le lizwe uvelisa ixesha emini okonga. Arrow ngelixa ukuguquguquka phambili kweyure. Ngoko ke, kukho ukutenxa i-GMT ukuba imizuzu zaba ngamashumi omathandathu. Ngo-2014, utshintsho lwenzeka ngoMatshi 30 no-Oktobha 26 Dubliners ziya ukuguqulela iintolo iwashi emva iyure enye.

isiphelo

Ngaphezu kuye ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha ikomkhulu eli lizwe ethandekayo yaseYurophu ezifana Ireland. Island map, indwe kunye neempawu iboniswa ngaphezu imifanekiso. Siyathemba ukuba ukhenketho virtual ukuncedile ukwenza ingcinga malunga kulo mzi.