Central Russia. Cities e Central Russia

Central Russia - yinto entsokothileyo olukhulu nqila. Ngokwemveli, eli gama libhekisela kwintsimi bayavumelana ukuya eMoscow, nto leyo lenzeka eMoscow, yaye kamva urhulumente Russian.

ngokubanzi zinceda

History of Central Russia, owona ndoqo kwisizwe sethu, waqala kunye nokusekwa impangele ngo XIII-XV iinkulungwane, ngenxa yokudibanisa fiefdoms abanemfundo. Kule mizi, ummandla lizele ezikhumbuzo zokwakha, zembali kunye noncwadi kunye neemyuziyam. Kulo lonke eli lizwe kunye nokuba amazwe aziwa ngokubanzi ijikazi lempumlo legolide - izixeko zamandulo Central Russia: Sergiev Posad, Rostov kunye Pereslavl, Kostroma, Suzdal, Yaroslavl, Vladimir, Ivanovo, Bogolyubovo, UGus Crystal, Gorokhovets, Kalyazin, Kideksha, Moore, Paleh et al. ring Gold ibandakanya iinkalo ezifana Moscow, Iaroslavskaia, Vladimir, Ivanovskaia, Kostroma. imizi yamandulo Central Russia baziwa yezandla zabo angaqhelekanga yokuluka. Umzekelo, Fedoskino, Palekh Holuy kunye edumileyo lacquer ezincinane, Gzhel - iitreyi ipeyintwe, Abramtsevo - - iiseramikhi, Zhostovo imikrolo, Khotkovo - nangokukrola ithambo, evule. Mstera - miniatures lacquer kunye ruching, evule. izinto ezenziwe ngobhedu, nobhedu, nesilivere, Rostov - - lwawo (lwawo ukupeyinta ezincinane) kwi-iVolga Red-.

izigaba zophuhliso

Ukuqulunqwa kwale ndawo abachaphazelekayo kuphuhliso yembali imeko yezoqoqosho kunye neendawo. Umbindi Russia ibekwe ezihlanjeni watersheds ye Dnieper, i Oka, iVolga kunye Western Dvina yena, waba kwisigxina kakuhle kakhulu ngexesha lokusekwa karhulumente. Ngenxa umendo komlambo inxibelelane mimandla umda, ngokunjalo kunye namazwe angabamelwane. ummandla Central of Russia - eyona njongo iphambili inkcubeko yesizwe, yiyo kokuhlaliswa kwabantu Russian nakwezinye iindawo.

Kumanqanaba okuqala yophuhliso yabemi lisetyenziswa izibonelelo zendalo yengingqi ezifana intsimbi, amalahle, iinkuni, lekalika, isanti, ityuwa, udongwe, umgquba kunye nabanye. Apha zivela yokunyibilikisa isinyithi ahle kunye zenkcenkce, ngokhuni, imveliso ityuwa, yodongwe kunye negilasi, namalaphu, isikhumba kunye nezihlangu. Kumaxesha Soviet, izitishi zamandla ngamanzi ezintathu yakhiwa kummandla kwi iVolga, lwawamanzi Storage Power Plant yakhiwa kwi Sergiev Posad. Ukongeza, xa ngamahlanu kwinkulungwane yokugqibela kummandla ukulungela waqalisa ukusebenza isityalo yokuqala ehlabathini amandla enyukliya, yaye emva kweminyaka 20-30, umbindi Russia iphumelele izityalo ezimbini amandla enyukliya - kwi yaseTver kunye ESmolensk iingingqi.

Amanani ka kummandla

Central District of Russia - yinto ummandla apho wabumba undoqo abantu Russian. Kwaye namhlanje labantu Russian siyema apha. Kwaye kuphela osempuma, kwingingqi iVolga-Vyatka, aphile Chuvash, Mordovian, Mari. Ngokutsho kobalo lwabemi olwaqhutywa ngo-2002, kwakukho nje kwezigidi 38 abantu kule ngingqi. Phakathi kwabo: Russian - million 34 (91%), Ukraine - 756 000 (1.99%), AmaTatar - 288 000 (0.77%), Armenia - 249 000 (0.66%), Belarusians - 186 000 ( 0,49%), Azeri - 161 000 (0.43%), kwaye amaYuda - 103 000 (0.27%). Ezinye izizwe zibe ngaphantsi kwe-0.2%.

Iziko wobomi lwezopolitiko nolwezoqoqosho Russia

Ezona mpawu ziphambili zale kuqoqosho lwale mihla le mmandla baphenjelelwa yi ezi zinto zilandelayo: indima kwimimandla enqila njengoko zobunjineli engundoqo, uqeqesho kunye nophando emazantsi lizwe lwenzululwazi; Ukufumaneka kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo; indawo entle kwezoqoqosho eendawo; kakhulu kuphuhliswa links zothutho; amandla aphuma kwizityalo ngamandla iintlobo ezahlukeneyo; ukusebenzisa izinto kwamanye amazwe ekrwada; ukuyilwa kwento isiseko metallurgical kunye nabanye. Namhlanje, Central iRussia specialising ekwenziweni kweemveliso ezinzima ezifuna uphando lwezenzululwazi kunye nabasebenzi abanezakhono. Eyona engundoqo amasebe obungcali zezi mveliso zobunjineli, yokunyibilikisa isinyithi, ukukhanya kunye imichiza. Not ubuncinane ibalulekileyo iinkonzo lobunzululwazi nobugcisa nenzululwazi, kwakunye nemfundo ephakamileyo, ubugcisa nenkcubeko. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje - umkhenkethi kunye nomsebenzi uhambo olufutshane.

Iimpawu zeendawo zoqoqosho

ummandla Central of Russia iquka kumalungu alo kwimimandla yezoqoqosho zilandelayo: iVolga-Vyatka, Central Black Earth and Central. Qwalasela iimpawu zoqoqosho neendawo nganye kuzo. Oku kuya kunceda ukuqonda indima yabo ngokwesikali hayi kuphela mmandla kodwa lonke elo lizwe.

kwisithili iVolga-Vyatka

Ukubunjwa kwesi sithili ezi ndawo zilandelayo zibandakanya Central Russia: Nizhny Novgorod kunye laseKirov, kwakunye Republic: Chuvashia, Mordovia kunye Mari El. indawo yayo yi 263.000 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. ummandla iVolga-Vyatka zinabela kwi inxalenye yaseYurophu welizwe lethu, nezitya of the Vyatka River kunye iVolga. Indawo Geographical ekuhlanganeni kweendlela zikaloliwe yamanzi ezinkulu osuka embindini ukuya kummandla iVolga, le Urals, North-West, ukudala iimeko ezigqwesileyo ukuze uphuhliso kwezoqoqosho. Imozulu ziingcathu yezwekazi. Lo mmandla wonke ehlanganiswa amahlathi. Eyona ezikhethiweyo kwindawo - ukuba zobunjineli. Ukongeza, ehlathini kunye noshishino yemichiza yenziwe kakuhle. Siye wasinda yaphuhlisa unokwakhela bezandla amandulo ezifana Khokhloma nokupeyinta.

ummandla Central Black Earth

Ukubunjwa kwesi sithili iquka imimandla Belgorod, Voronezh, Lipetsk, Tambov kunye Kursk. Lubonakala ngezinto lula kunye nendawo ahlala kuyo. indawo wayo 107 ophosa square. Ukubakho iidipozithi amakhulu yentsimbi ekrwada kunye nesamente izinto, kwakunye yolondolozo ebonakalayo abasebenzi igalelo kuphuhliso kumacandelo ahlukeneyo kuzo zombini ushishino kunye nezolimo. Imozulu ziingcathu zone lizwekazi yendalo - emathafeni kunye emathafeni, ikakhulu flat sezwe. Kule ndawo bebekelwa kakhulu kwimiboniso chernozems, kodwa inkoliso kwimimandla yokunqongophala kwemithombo yamanzi.

obungcali Main ichaziwe metallurgical, imichiza, ubunjineli kunye nokutya namashishini, kunye nezolimo.

ezidume

Ukwakhiwa kwale zezithili: Bryansk, Vladimir, ukulungela ukusebenza, Kostroma, Ivanovo, eMoscow, Orel, ESmolensk, yaseTver, Ryazan, Yaroslavl kunye nemimandla Tula. indawo noqoqosho nakwiindawo - Central, ngoko kusilungele kwezothutho kunye nangezinye iindlela. Le ndawo liziko enkulu inkcubeko. Akayi kuba sisityebi hlobo ngeziveliso zendalo. Ngenxa yoko, ushishino isebenza ikakhulu izinto kwamanye amazwe ekrwada. Kukho oovimba phosphorite, umgquba, lignite, lekalika nesanti. obungcali Main - ke kukhululwe ezintsonkothileyo, imveliso ebambekayo efuna uphando lwezenzululwazi kunye nabasebenzi abanezakhono. Amasebe eziphambili zezi imichiza, ishishini yoshicilelo ukukhanya kunye noomatshini ezahlukeneyo.

Uhlobo lo mmandla

Uhlobo le ngingqi ibe zahlukahlukene kakhulu - ezisuka kumahlathi ashinyeneyo ukuya emaqeleni. Emantla-mpuma yinxalenye yommandla kukho izixa ezikhulu iidiphozithi of nezinkulu kunye loams nodongwe. Bavele intshukumo glacier. Emva iyindawo yakhe kwintsimi kodonga lasekhohlo Oka River ukuya eMoscow waba mgxobhozo kakhulu. Lo mhlaba ubizwa ngokuba Mescherskaya emathafeni. Apho amahlathi pine kukhula ngamandla. Ngomhla kummandla Central eRussia amachibi ezininzi: Chuhlomskoe, uNero, Plescheevo kunye galich. Kunye ezi amadama kwakhiwa kumhlaba otyebileyo, eye ngokutyebileyo udaka. Ukongeza imigxobhozo, le ndawo obhudlayo konogumbe-free: Suzdal, JuR'EVSKIJj kunye Murom. Kumntla-mmandla lisukela emva iVolga River, nto leyo luphawulwa izikhukula olubanzi, ngenxa yale isishumi kummandla yaseTver egubungele kumgxobhozo. Amanzi iqokelelwa kwezi emathafeni, ixesha elide awukwazi ukufumana indlela yokuphuma. ummandla Bryansk uye odume zamahlathi. Emazantsi kulo mmandla ibandakanya ubukhulu becala emaqeleni.

isiphelo

Ukushwankathela, ukuze kuqwalaselwe ukuba Central iRussia imbaxa enkulu iimeko zokuba nqila ukusekwa kunye nophuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe. Ebonakala le ndawo kwindawo entle kwezoqoqosho neendawo embindini inxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, i-Central Russia kwaye iziphako ezinzulu - ngoku kukungabikho ukufikelela kwi elwandle kunye mali ophantsi kwemithombo yendalo. Kodwa ke mababuyekezwe kufutshane kummandla inkulu mveliso - iVolga Federal District, kwakunye kwindawo resource-rich - European North. Ukongeza, Central Russia ecaleni kunye yorhwebo lwangaphandle - Belarus kunye Ukraine.

Lo mmandla kakhulu baninzi kwaye ziphuhliswe kwi-Russian Federation. Central District of Russia yeyona kakhulu zasedolophini kakhulu kweli lizwe. Nangona isabelo sabantu ezidolophini (80%) kwaye unika North-West, kodwa kwinqanaba lwee- abahlali kwizixeko ezikhulu kunye nemimandla embhaxa yeyona yokuqala lonke elo lizwe.