Industry lunye ezindaweni Russian

ulawulo ezikhethiweyo Industry badlale indima engundoqo ekuphuhlisweni ubume kwisakhiwo mveliso ithi nemimandla. Bona ukuchaza ukuma kwawo kwicandelo sendawo yabasebenzi. Kulo mba, zibizwa ngokuba iiprofayili kwakhona, sibaluleke ngamazwe kunye inter-regional. Esilandelayo koshishino Russia lokufunda izifundo ezikhethiweyo.

Overview

Industry izifundo lommandla kwezoqoqosho sinika ithuba lokuba uveze kwintsimi ethile iimveliso ezithile kwi-mali kakhulu kunene iimfuno zale ndawo. Eli nani kufikelelwe kulo zengingqi zembali, zendalo nezinye iimeko ezikhoyo. Xa oku imveliso oluqhutywa amanani enjalo iindleko zabasebenzi iphantsi kakhulu.

Ngenxa yoko, ishishini ezikhethiweyo - icandelo evelisa imveliso ukukhuphisana kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe, ezithumela imveliso yazo kwiimalike. osemqoka zazo eziphambili zezi imiqulu ezinkulu kunye nokusebenza amandla emveliso, ukuthatha inxaxheba kule ingeniso indawo. ishishini izifundo ngaxeshanye badlala indima ephambili nje kuphela kwinkqubo kwemveliso kumazwe angaphandle. Baye nefuthe kunikezo imikhosi nemveliso. Zimele undoqo apho bathanda ukukhonza, inkxaso kunye namanye amacandelo oluncedisanayo.

Okukodwa

obungcali kwicandelo eqalisiweyo kwindawo yokuqala, anikwe amandla lommandla ukuvelisa imveliso mass - yorhwebo, apho ngendleko ephantsi kungathetha nenxaxheba ebalulekileyo ngumthamo opheleleyo. iimveliso zitshiphu ngokucinezela iimeko zivuma. Eyona nto ibaluleke ngokukodwa ningamasebe eziphambili obungcali. Benza njengoko amacandelo regionobrazuyuschie ukunika isiphumo ubuninzi.

Kwinkalo yesifundo nganye Russian Federation luphawulwa ezikhethiweyo yayo. Kuyinto isethi yemisebenzi ethile, apho uwuzalisayo nje kukuhlangabezana neentswelo kummandla wakowabo, kodwa kwezinye iingingqi iimfuno lizwe. Kwezinye iimeko, le isikali imveliso ubanzi kangangokuba iimveliso ezinikwa kwamanye amazwe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba icandelo obungcali asiyiyo kuphela ukhetho inxaxheba kule ngingqi kwicandelo sendawo yabasebenzi. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo, baze ngaloo ndlela babe unxibelelwano phakathi kweeyunithi zolawulo.

icandelo lunye: Iindidi

Ukuhlelwa kumacandelo emveliso lwenziwa ngokwemiqathango ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kukho umsantsa amasebe le miba ilandelayo:

• izibonelelo Imveliso (ezonxibelelwano, izithuthi, ukwakhiwa).
• Iinkonzo zeNtlalo (eziluncedo, ezemidlalo, inkcubeko, impilo, imfundo, njalo njalo.).
• izibonelelo Market (iinkampani ze-inshorensi, iibhanki, Stock Exchange, urhwebo, njalo njalo).

Ukongeza, kukho amasebe asekuhlaleni obungcali shishino kunye / x. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, ukuba zibaluleke zasekuhlaleni. Ezi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno oshishino isikali gwe kwezoqoqosho.

division Territorial yabasebenzi

Kule ndawo, oko kwaphawula ipateni ecacileyo. Ngophuhliso imikhosi elinemveliso liyenyuka kunye nenani kwiindawo ezivelisa imveliso igama elifanayo. Isabelo kweendawo ixesha elide ukuvelisa iimpahla, ngokuqhelekileyo kunciphisa kunye nokukhula rhoqo kwemveliso.

Xa kuqwalaselwa ixabiso bume yendalo nezinto kumbandela ukwahlulwa yabasebenzi iinkalo ezimbini ukuya ingqalelo. Okokuqala kukho ezinye isitokhwe ikude ukusuka ikuyo. Inkalo yesibini kukuba izibonelelo ezininzi zendalo zikhona kwindawo ezahlukehlukeneyo, kodwa ke uphuhliso olusebenzayo kunokwenzeka kuphela kwiindawo ezithile. A Inani iindawo imigodi ingaqala kuphela kwezo nkalo apho kukho oovimba ezinkulu ezikhoyo ezisetyenziswa kwimeko yangoku elinemveliso bezimpi, unxibelelwano, ukuthuthwa njalo njalo.

Umzekelo, ukuba iidiphozithi enkulu kwamalahle kwi Tunguska isitya azisetyenziselwa ngenxa yokungabikho yentsimi kuphuhliso. Kodwa uphuhliso / v ishishini izifundo ze iVolga, North Caucasus, ummandla lomhlaba Black zonke iimeko. Ngoko ke, kukho ke ngoko yaqulunqa kulinywa zikajongilanga kunye sugar beet.

Sibonakaliso zembali

Yena ke kubaluleke kakhulu kwicandelo sendawo yabasebenzi. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ishishini ezikhethiweyo zelo District Central kunye nenani kwezinye iindawo imali zobunjineli yemveliso omkhulu, iinkampani nemiqhaphu, kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kakhulu. Le njongo ifuna ngokusekwa ukubambisana phakathi, exchange efanayo imveliso.

yeqoqo

Kuyinto khona kuwo wonke ummandla zakhiwo. Iyonke zommandla ngamnye bodwa ngamaqela amathathu.

Eyokuqala icandelo kunye noshishino / v. Badlale indima ephambili kuphuhliso lwecandelo kwimveliso. Kwezi amashishini kummandla zibanga kuzo zonke-Russian isikali. Ngenxa iimeko ezithandwa kakhulu kwindawo ethile kula macandelo ukufezekisa intsebenzo eliphezulu kwinqanaba elifanayo STP kunye namanye amacandelo olawulo.

Iqela lesibini iqulathe obungcali kwezoshishino, ezichaza isakhiwo yoqoqosho, ukuqeshwa kwabemi. Ngokulingana ngqo kudidi yabo amacandelo conjugated. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ukuba ummandla ngamnye kufuneka abe khona nobubanzi iyonke mveliso, ukuqinisekisa uphuhliso iinkalo iqela lokuqala. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oko akunakwenzeka. Umzekelo, amashishini ezifana isakhiwo itanki, weerobhoti, isixhobo kunye noshishino ngekhompyutha, ubunjineli izithuthi, i intsebenziswano kakhulu- inter-lwengingqi kunye nentsebenziswano.

Xa iqela lesithathu kukho iindawo ezivelisa imveliso ukuze isetyenziswe ngaphakathi kwemida yeli. Xa imveliso, njengoko umthetho, sebenzisa izixhobo zangaphakathi.

Iimpawu zophuhliso

Amaqela ngentla ezinxulumene kwisakhiwo industrial lommandla. Kodwa inani labo bahluka kwinqanaba imikhosi nemveliso. Kuba ngamnye kwabo olinganise ezifakwe phakathi kwamaqela. Xa ilahleko ukungalingani kwenzeka, kwanciphisa izinga lophuhliso loqoqosho. Oku, ichaphazela iqondo nosetyenziso lwezibonelelo zabasebenzi.

Uphuhliso imikhosi elinemveliso luyayiphucula neentlobano indawo. kwisahlulo yabasebenzi kwandisa amandla elinemveliso kwimimandla ngamnye. Ngoko ke, eSiberia icandelo izifundo ngo-1965 wanikela 6.5% yemveliso uwonke kweli lizwe. Ngo-2000, eli nani ifikelele 14.7%.

iziseko industrial

Oko kubizwa ngokwemimiselo ezahlukeneyo. Le namhlanje kakhulu efanelekileyo ingqalelo ukwahlulwa kwemisebenzi. Zothutho isethi yonxibelelwano, izithuthi zonke iintlobo izixhobo zobugcisa, izakhiwo kunye namaziko, ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba kwempahla kunye nabantu ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. sphere Energy lisebenza yingqokelela kothungelwano, ngenxa apho umbane ekubonelelwa abathengi. Kuba le ndawo ziquka iiyunithi self-nkonzo, izitishana zombane, iintambo zothumelo amandla. yonxibelelwano ulwazi ziquka:

• umyalezo Mail.
• Ground nesithuba zonxibelelwano, kuquka igxunyekwe, enombala, unomathotholo.

amanzi amdaka kunye aggregate zithiwe thaca kunye namaziko igiza yonxibelelwano ezizodwa apho imveliso kunye abemi bafumane amanzi. Uphuhliso lonke iziseko akakhawulezi kakhulu. Kwicandelo mveliso kubabela iindawo ezizodwa:

• kurhwebelano lwendawo elisimahla.
• Yobugcisa kunye nemveliso.
• Namuhla-ezintsha.
• Complex.
• Service.
• Innovative njalo njalo.

iziseko zentlalo

Ndiyila lunye yesebe:

• Exchange kunye nokusasazwa (inshorensi, imali, urhwebo).
• Iinkonzo Consumer (eziluncedo, izithuthi zikawonkewonke, iinkonzo zekhaya, unxibelelwano noluntu).
• ukhuseleko Health (yokhuseleko loluntu, ucoceko kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo, ukhathalelo lwempilo, inkxaso kwezentlalo abemi).
• Formation of Outlook yenzululwazi kunye nokwazisa uluntu (imfundo, uqeqesho, imfundo, inkolo, ubugcisa).
• Policing (ulawulo lukarhulumente, ukuzithethelela, imibutho yoluntu).

Le iziseko zentlalo kukho inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo lwamashishini ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, kule ndawo kukho ingxaki yophuhliso zakhiwo. Kwizibonelelo zentlalo, ngokunjalo kwezinye iindawo, isiphathele isakhiwo indawo. izinto zalo kumanqanaba:

• Federal.
• Regional.
• Local.

izinto uphawu

Trade - amasebe ezoqoqosho enika urhwebo, ukuhamba kwempahla ukusuka imveliso ukuya kwicandelo yabathengi. Oku kwenziwa kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Trading inokuba ngaphakathi, ngaphandle ngamazwe. Housing imbaxa ishishini, indawo yokuhlala, amakhaya kunye neenkonzo, enika inkonzo eluntwini. Kwezinye iingingqi, eziluncedo inxaxheba zamashishini, ewanika igesi, amanzi, umbane. Ukuba impilo ziquka civil kwezoqoqosho kunye nezempilo imisebenzi yasekuhlaleni, ukuba yenziwa oluvela kuluntu, kwaye sijolise ukuphucula, ukukhusela impilo yabantu. Imisebenzi ye iziseko zezi: unyango kunye nokuthintela izifo, ukugcinwa ukukhubazeka. Okuqhelekileyo cell abucala, inshorensi kunye nenkqubo yezempilo karhulumente. Imisebenzi zeziseko zophuhliso zibandakanya zemfundo: Imfundo pre-school, imfundo (lokuqala, elesibini kunye nemfundo ephakamileyo), uqeqesho kunye ngokutsha. inkxaso Military ibandakanya: ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo, liceba kokusebenza kwawo, badibane amajoni kunye nemikhosi. Izibonelelo kolu shishino isebenza imveliso kunye kwinqanaba loluntu. inkxaso Scientific inikwa ngokohlobo isiseko eziphathekayo kunye nobugcisa ukuze uphuhliso imisebenzi ABRSM, kwakunye nemiqathango.

market

Kule izibonelelo zikhona:

• inkxaso , kunye norhwebo lehoseyile. Ziye ke amelwe oluntsonkothileyo namaziko urhwebo, ukufunyanwa, ukugcinwa kunye nokwanda kweempahla kunye nemali. Oku kuquka: iimarike ihoseyile, imibutho zokuthengisa, iifriji, izitora, ukutshintshiselana ukutya, ukuthengiswa kunye neeofisi sonikezelo kunye neziseko njalo njalo.
• kwicandelo zeMali. It ukhandwa iibhanki kunye namanye amaziko abazibandakanya kwemali, ngokubonelela mboleko. Kule ndawo zifakwe imibutho karhulumente kunye nawabucala. Phakathi kwezi zidalwa kufuneka zenziwe kwabelwane ngolwazi lwentsebenziswano.
• Imidlalo kunye nokhenketho. Xa eli candelo libandakanya ezihotele, ejensi, izindlu zamabhoda, iihostele, amaziko ezemidlalo, iindlela zothutho lwangaphakathi, imibutho yenkcubeko kunye nokuzonwabisa.
• yalelo olonwabo - imimandla, ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo ezibanzi sokhenketho.

Inxalenye yaseYurophu yelizwe

Okwangoku, kukho umahluko ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso imikhosi imveliso kwimimandla Koloni naseMpuma. Ngoko ke, inxalenye yaseYurophu kanzulu malunga ne-80% kwamashishini mveliso. Ngelo xesha linye ezikhethiweyo shishino kwisithili Northern kwezoqoqosho kunye nenxalenye esempuma ziquka malunga ne 63% yezityalo imigodi. Le ngokunxulumene ibonisa ukuba imimandla yaseYurophu luphawulwa imimiselo efanelekileyo ukwandisa amandla emveliso kunye maxesha. Ukuphuculwa naliphi na icandelo na indawo Central obungcali kunokwenzeka kunye utyalo-mali encinci. icandelo ekhoyo akufuneki ukuba phantsi utshintsho ezinkulu. Ixabiso le-euro kufuneka kwandiswe ngeendleko yophuhliso ephambili zobunjineli samandla enyukliya, ubunjineli matshini kunye nezinye iindawo, esicacisa inkqubela yobugcisa kwinkqubo yoqoqosho lonke eli lizwe. ukukhula Production kufuneka kwenzeka kuphela ngokwandisa imveliso kwi ukuhla zibe ukusetyenziswa feed, amafutha, amanzi, izixhobo, umbane.

Endle obungcali le Urals akufanelekanga ukuvumela ukwandiswa ekhoyo kunye kubekwa amanzi amatsha kunye namashishini-namandla kakhulu. amashishini ezinjalo kule ngingqi kufuneka ekupheliseni ukungalingani kunye shifts zezakhiwo. Oku kuya kunceda uzinzise amafutha kunye namandla imali eseleyo. Namhlanje, ubuchule icandelo le Urals, eMpuma Ekude kwinxalenye yaseYurophu konyaka wathumela malunga 1 billion of alingana oyile.

zone Eastern

ukubaluleka kwayo kuqoqosho namhlanje liphezulu kakhulu. Kwixesha elizayo, indima amacandelo osempuma kwandisa kuphela. Oku kungenxa zolondolozo ezinkulu beenkuni, igesi, neoli, amalahle kunye nezinye izibonelelo, uphuhliso ephambili mveliso yokuvelisa amanzi namandla-kakhulu. ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe yokubekwa zakhiwo umatshini-ukwakha kwinxalenye esempuma yelizwe. Umdibaniso indawo wafumana ukuhanjiswa omkhulu imikhosi nemveliso. Ukuba, umzekelo, Urals ezikhethiweyo mboni sisananelo ngaphakathi kummandla yayo, kwimimandla yasempumalanga kugquba unxibelelwano lwangaphandle kunye neminye imimandla. Le kwamanye amazwe zizonke kwemveliso zobunjineli ngaphakathi kummandla yaseYurophu ukunikezelwa komyalelo ka-18% abantu imida yayo, kunye nokungenisa - 25%. Kule mimandla zasempumalanga ukungangqinelani ebalulekileyo phakathi uluhlu koomatshini eyenziweyo kunye nezixhobo ojolise noqoqosho kule ngingqi. Enterprises yasempumalanga kwahluka uzkoprofilnye. Ngoko ke, 25% kuphela iimveliso zobunjineli osetyenzisiweyo ngaphakathi kummandla. 75% uza kude kuyo, kuquka 72% kwi iVolga kushishino ezikhethiweyo, Central Asia, Kazakhstan.