Lisa del Giocondo: engobomi, olunomdla. Womzobo "Mona Lisa" yi Leonardo da Vinci

A lot of imisebenzi emikhulu adalwe amagcisa zaphawula ezahlukeneyo. UNks Lisa del Giocondo, umfanekiso ngaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu eyadlulayo, sijikelezwe ludumo ezinjalo ukuba mhlawumbi lo msebenzi neyayo ngendlela egqibeleleyo yeli gama. Akukho ubaxo. Kodwa ngaba uyayazi into ngobomi yakhokelela Lisa del Giocondo? Biography kuya kuthiwa thaca ukuze bakuthathele ingqalelo.

usapho

Antonmariya Noldo di Gherardini - uyise ULisa kaThixo, ongumhlolokazi kabini. Xa umtshato wakhe wokuqala yena utshate Lisa Di Dzhovanni uFilippo De Carducci, ngoxa yesibini - kwi Mariotto Ruchellia Caterina di ngubani wafa ngexesha lokubeleka. umtshato wesithathu kwenzeka ngo-1476 kunye Lucrezia del Kachio. Gherardini ntsapho yamandulo, yeengcungcu kodwa Sivikivekile andabikho nempembelelo yayo e Florence. Kwakunzima kuqiniswe yaye iingeniso basezifama Chianti, oveza namafutha omnquma, newayini, ingqolowa kulinywa neegusha.

Lisa Gherardini Ndandilizibulo kwaye wazalwa ngomhla we-15 Juni 1479 kule Via Maggio. Kwathiwa igama emva Ugogo ozala. Kodwa nentsapho yakhe kwafuneka oodade abathathu kunye nabazalwana abathathu.

Intsapho ehlala e Florence, wafudukela izihlandlo eziliqela, yaye ekugqibeleni kuhlala elumelwaneni lwaloo Piero da Vinci, uyise Leonardo kaThixo.

umshado ULisa kaThixo

NgoMatshi 5, 1495, xa intombazana eneminyaka eli-15 ubudala, Lisa utshate Francesco di Bartolomeo del Giocondo.

Waba ngumfazi wakhe wesithathu. ikhazi bayo wayethozamile yaye bezibandakanya florins-170 kunye nefama San Silvestro, apho lalikhona akasekude Giocondo intsapho yendlu lizwe. Enye usenokucinga ukuba umyeni ebezingasukeli ubutyebi, kodwa ndathandana intombazana eqhelekileyo uvela kusapho angenayo intywenka omkhulu. Ukongeza, ukuba wayemdala kakhulu umfazi wakhe - ngexesha lomtshato wayeneminyaka engama-30 ubudala.

Lwenza ntoni olu sapho Giocondo?

Babengabarhwebeli isilika, kunye nempahla. Ukongeza, Francesco del Giocondo waba iifama ezathi ibekwe Castellina in Chianti and San Donato e Poggio kufuphi kwiifama ezimbini kamva laba impahla kaMichelangelo Buonarroti.

Francesco waqala ukwenyuka leri zentlalo yaye ngowe-1512 wonyulwa ukuba Piazza della Signoria e Florence.

Mhlawumbi akabanga ngokunxulumene umdla kwezopolitiko norhwebo usapho Medici namandla, ngenxa yokuba xa urhulumente Florence Boyika kokubuya kwawo ekuthinjweni, ukuba Francesco wahlawuliswa 1,000 florins kunye entolongweni. Kodwa wakhululwa xa amandla ibuyiselwe Medici.

domesticity

UNks Lisa del Giocondo waphila ubomi bakhe ngoxolo nemvisiswano kunye neqabane lakho. Waziswa phezulu nonyana wakhe umfazi wakhe wokuqala Camille Ruchelai. Umama Lisa kaThixo, Caterina kunye Camilla odade zomthonyama.

Lisa del Giocondo umtshato wabo wamvusa iwonga loluntu yaso, njengentsapho, apho wafika kulo, iye kakhulu zifune kunowakhe. kweminyaka esibhozo kamva, ngowe-1503, Francesco uthenge indlu entsha Via della Stafa intsapho yakhe, kufuphi nendlu yakhe endala.

Imaphu kweziko imbali Florence iphawulwa endlwini ebomvu, apho wayehlala Francesco kunye Lisa, nemfusa - abazali ekhaya ULisa. Ekuqaleni, baba elunxwemeni ngasentla, kufutshane Arno emlanjeni, uze emva koko ukuya ezantsi kwelinye elunxwemeni.

Esi sibini waba nabantwana abahlanu: Piero, Camilla, Andrea, Giocondo, kunye Marietta. Kamva, Camilla kunye Marietta uya tonsured nhloko. Camille akuba ebuyile, ebamkele ukhakhayi kwi igama Beatrice, wafa eneminyaka engama-18 ubudala yaye wangcwatywa Basilica ka Santa Maria Novella. Marietta wathabatha igama Louis waza waba lilungu elihlonelwayo loonongendi ka Santa Orsola.

Ukugula nokufa

Ngowe-1538, Francesco wafa xa isixeko isibetho. Ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe wayalela ukubuya umfazi wakhe amthandayo ikhazi kwakhe, impahla kunye nezacholo: Lisa del Giocondo njengoko elithembekileyo kunye nomfazi ongumzekelo kufuneka inikwe bonke.

Umhla ngqo ngokufa nguNks Lisa iye ayasekwa. Kukho amacebiso ukuba wafa ngowe-1542 eneminyaka engama-63. Okunye umhla wokufa kwakhe - malunga 1551, xa wayeneminyaka engama-71-72 ubudala. Yena wangcwatyelwa loonongendi iSt Ursula e Florence.

ukuze elichaza

Njengokuba inkoliso Florentines, owayephila ngexesha Italian Renaissance, Francesco Giocondo usapho wayekulangazelela zobuciko. Messer Francesco wayengumhlobo Piero da Vinci. Unyana wakhe Leonardo, ngaphambi kokuba abuyele ngo 1503 ukuya lweenkobe Florence wakhe, elide ebhadula emizini Italian.

Ngenxa uyise wamnika umnqweno ukuba wapeyinta umzobo a florentiyki oselula. Apha waqalisa umsebenzi umzobo Mona Lisa. "Mona" liguqulelwe ngokuthi "iNkosikazi." Leonardo wasebenza kuyo ngaphezu konyaka omnye. Vasari wabhala ukuba waqhubeka ukusebenza iminyaka emine, kodwa mhlawumbi elide. Ndazi njani ukuba ngubani waziqaba "i-Mona Lisa"? Oku kunokwenziwa ngokufunda "Ubomi" Dzhordzho Vazari. Oku umthombo elaziwayo Kuyathenjwa zonke abagxeki. Ngelishwa, uninzi baseRashiya azinazo ithuba ukutyelela Louvre, apho lo mfanekiso edumileyo. Ukuba ukhangela yakuqala, yonke imibuzo malunga yokufumana njani ukuba ngubani wazoba "uMona Lisa", izakulahleka bebodwa.

umsebenzi buchopho

Yintoni, enyanisweni, waqukumbela ukusebenza kwayo imilingo kunye ukuthandwa nanto? Kubonakala ukuba umfanekiso ilula kakhulu. Ngoko ayimangalisi ukungabikho imibala eqaqambileyo, ngengubo eqaqambileyo, kwakunye kwimboniselo understated le modeli. Yonke ingqalelo umbukeli iya swi kufutshane, emke ebusweni ibhinqa eliselula ngubani na lo ngamayelenqe kunye nomtsalane iphambili yale mfanekiso.

Okukhona sijonga Lisa, kokukhona kukho umnqweno ukungena ezinzulwini engqondweni yakhe. Kodwa oku ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu. Model sizenza umgca ngqo ukuba oyibonayo abaluqiqa. Le yenye eemfihlelo ezinkulu zalo mfanekiso. Smile kwaye jonga, oko kukuthi ubuso - oku kubalulekile lo mfanekiso. indawo yomzimba, iingalo, ezisemagqagaleni, enkulu ngakumbi - ukuba iinkcukacha ukuba ngokuxhomekeke ebusweni. Le izakhono imilingo zezibalo of Leonardo: umfuziselo unathi ngeendlela ezithile. Itsala yaye efanayo ixesha yavalwa kumbukeli. Le yenye ebalulekileyo yalo mfanekiso.

Lisa del Giocondo: Interesting Facts

• Giocondo ifani bubonakala "gay" okanye "evuya".
• Lo mfanekiso awukwazi ngokuba ngelaphu, ngenxa yokuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa kwibhodi ngomthi eyenziwe yebhalsam.
• Lo mzobo nendawo sibona ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Model - ekunene, imvelaphi - top.
• Malunga landscape akukho ndawo enye imbono. Umntu ucinga ukuba Tuscany, i Arno umlambo lomfula; umntu aqiniseke ukuba le ngasentla, ummandla obufihlakeleyo Milan.
• Kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi umfanekiso utshintshile umbala. Ngoku bomzi, sinombala. Lacquer ebhalwe nge ixesha, Ngokusebenza ngombala oluhlaza umbala intle.
• Ngokuphindaphindiweyo kokubuyela ukusebenza umzobo igcisa liya ukusuka model lokwenene. Zonke izimvo zakhe malunga umdali ihlabathi ufake ngendlela ngokubanzi. Phambi kwethu - a imbonakaliso yokomfuziselo lomntu ngokuvisisana iimpawu zakhe engqondweni nasemoyeni.
• Portrait, njengazo zonke imisebenzi Leonardo, ngemvume.
• Lo mfanekiso ayikho inani ngqo. Konke izama ukuhlola nto ayizange kungakhokelela umphumela owodwa.
• Ngowe-1911, imveliso ebiweyo. Amapolisa akazange afumane naluphi na umfanekiso okanye isela. Kodwa ngowe-1914, yena ngokuzithandela wabuyela umva le mveliso.