Yokufudukela yangaphakathi

Ngokutsho inkcazelo, ukufuduka lwangaphakathi - nokuya kwamanani phakathi kwilizwe ukusuka kummandla ukuya komnye. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oku kubangwa nokungena yezizathu zoqoqosho nezentlalo. kwenye indawo yangaphakathi ochasa yangaphandle, xa abahlali ashiye ilizwe labo, uhlale amazwe.

Imiba jikelele

Ukuya ezidolophini - ngumba ophambili ukufuduka lwangaphakathi ehlabathini. Isikali ngemiphumo ukuhluma kwedolophu mkhulu kangangokuba abanye abaphandi bathi le nkqubo kuphela 'imfuduko esikhulu abantu benkulungwane XX ". Xa beyofuna lali liphume ngokukhawuleza inemizana yayo. Le nkqubo isebenza eRashiya. On intsingiselo yayo iya kuxoxwa ngezantsi. Kumazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo, xa kwabantu ezidolophini sabo bema kwi-80%. Oko kukuthi, nesine abemi ezintlanu Germany okanye United States ahlala ezixekweni.

Kumazwe apho abemi kancinci loxinano ezahlukeneyo okanye obungalinganiyo, imfuduko ngaphakathi kuthatha uhlobo kwiindawo zokuhlala ezintsha. Imbali yabantu uyayazi into yokwenza imizekelo ezinjalo. E Canada, i-USA, Brazil neChina, abantu bokuqala becala kwimimandla yasempumalanga. Xa zibonelelo ezo iindawo baqalisa ukubaleka, ngokwemvelo abantu baya ukuhlola amaphondo yasentshona.

Imbali lokufuduka lwangaphakathi Russia

Xa nguva yin'wana ni yin'wana yembali, ukufuduka yangaphakathi eRashiya uneempawu zayo ezithile, lo gama usoloko eseleyo inkqubo ezinzileyo. Kwiinkulungwane IX-XII. Nokuxubana ahlala uhehema lwesitya sokuhlambela eliphezulu iVolga. Ukufuduka uyalelwe ukuya emantla emntla-mpuma. Kude kube kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane XIX, oko luphawulwa nasekumgangatho omncinci, njengoko iyakuqhwalelisa serfdom emaphandleni.

Amazwe olubachaphazela ngasentla yaseYurophu kunye Urals, apho kwenye wamkela umlinganiswa "metallurgical". Le Lower iVolga Russian bafudukela ezantsi, kwi-Russia New neCaucasus. Ezinkulu-scale uphuhliso lwezoqoqosho eSiberia waqalisa kuphela phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX. Ngamaxesha Soviet, yaba ulwalathiso ephambili empuma. Kuqoqosho olucwangcisiweyo, abantu zathunyelwa kwiindawo ezikude apho ukwakha isixeko omtsha okanye indlela. Xa nenani-1930. Stalin waqalisa ngezoshishino ngenkani. Kunye collectivization le lali yayama izigidi ezininzi abemi Soviet. Kwakhona, ukufuduka lwangaphakathi zibangelwa ukugxothwa ngenkani kwabantu lonke (baseJamani, Chechens, Ingush, njalo njalo. D.).

modernity

In Russia mihla, ukufuduka lwangaphakathi ivela izinto eziliqela. Kwindawo yokuqala oko kubonwa kwisahlulo yabantu ibe emaphandleni nasezidolophini. Le ratio imisela iqondo ezidolophini kweli lizwe. Namhlanje, 73% abemi Russian bahlala kwizixeko, yaye-27% - kwiilali. Kanye amanani yagqabhuka eSoviet Union ngexesha kubalo lwabantu lwango-1989. Kulo mzekelo, inani lali yandiswa kakhulu ngaphezulu kwe-2000, kodwa ngesiqingatha inani zokuhlala zasemaphandleni, apho kuhlala abantu ubuncinane 6000. manani, ukungazi ezinjalo zibonisa ukuba yi ekupheleni 90. Oku kwakhokelela yangaphakathi Ukunyamalala imfuduko umngcipheko% iilali ngaphezu kwama-20. Namhlanje, amanani akhuthaza ngakumbi.

ERashiya, kukho iindidi ezimbini zokuhlala ezidolophini - kwiidolophu ezincinane nezixeko. ke ukuba uzimisele njani? Ngokutsho iikhrayitheriya, kuyabonakala kwilali ezidolophini, ukuba umyinge wabantu abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo, ayidluli-15%. Kukho omnye umqobo. Isixeko kufuneka ubuncinane ngamawaka-12 zabantu. Ukuba ukufuduka yangaphakathi kukhokelela ekuncipheni labemi ukuhla kumanani ngezantsi kule bar, zingatshintshwa imo yokuhlala.

"Iimagnethi" kunye namadlelo

Inani labemi Russian ithunyelelwa phezu indawo enkulu ilizwe yokungalingani. Kuninzi yayo buzinze engundoqo, iVolga kunye neziThili eMzantsi Federal (26%, 22% ne-16% ngokulandelelana). Kwangaxeshanye, bambalwa kakhulu abantu abahlala East Far (4% kuphela). Kodwa into asukuba esikelelwe sele yoniwa manani, yokufudukela lwangaphakathi - yinkqubo rhoqo eqhubekayo. Kulo nyaka uphelileyo, yezigidi 1.7 Abantu bathatha inxaxheba iintshukumo lizwe. Le yi 1.2% yabemi.

I 'umazibuthe "engundoqo apho na Russian Federation, yokufudukela lwangaphakathi eMoscow namagxamesi ayo satellite. Ukukhula waphawula kummandla St. Petersburg naseLeningrad. iingqukuva ezimbini enomtsalane njengamaziko engqesho. Phantse zonke ezinye iingingqi zeli lizwe bafumana imfuduko ilahleko (ukushiya ngaphandle ngaphezu uyeza efanayo).

ebanzi yemimandla

Xa iVolga Federal District, i inkulu imfuduko inzuzo kuphawuliwe Tatarstan, kwi-South - kwingingqi Krasnodar. Xa Urals, amanani HIV kuvandlakanywa kuphela kummandla Sverdlovsk. Kukho iya abemi aseSiberia kunye Far Eastern iingingqi, apho ilahleko yokufudukela lodumo jikelele. Le nkqubo iye kuqhubeka amashumi eminyaka.

yokufudukela lwangaphakathi - ngoyena nobangela wokuhla kwenani labemi YaseSiberia Federal weSithili, leyo kutshintshiselwano nezinye iingingqi ngo-2000-2008. Ndilahlekelwe abemi 244 lamawaka. Amanani kucace. Ngokomzekelo, kwenye kummandla zeAltai ngexesha elifanayo, ukwehla yaba 64 amawaka abantu. Nemimandla ezimbini kuphela ekukhuleni efudukayo ezincinane zesithili ezahlukeneyo - it Tomsk kunye kummandla naseNovosibirsk.

Far East

Uninzi abanye abahlali kwiminyaka yakutshanje uphelelwe East Far. Isebenza yokufudukela kwangaphandle nangaphakathi. abantu kodwa ihamba kwezinye iingingqi elizweni kubangele ukulahleka abantu 187 000 kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Abantu abaninzi bayishiya evela Yakutia, Chukotka kunye ummandla Magadan.

Iinkcukacha-manani ze-East Far ngengqiqo, kusengqiqweni. Lo mmandla ekupheleni malunga kweli lizwe ukusuka kwikomkhulu. Uninzi abahlali balo eyiyeka eMoscow, ukuze baqonde baze ulibale malunga usambathisa. Xa siphila kwiMpuma Ekude, abantu bachitha imali enkulu iihambo athile okanye iinqwelo-moya ukuya eNtshona. Ngamanye amaxesha amatikiti ngeenxa zonke-uhambo zinokubiza umvuzo yonke. Konke oku kukhokelela ekubeni ukwanda nokukhula yokufuduka lwangaphakathi. Amazwe kwintsimi enkulu njengoko umoya kufuneka izibonelelo zothutho ezifikelelekayo. indalo Kwalo maxesha ngexesha - mngeni uphambili iRashiya yanamhlanje.

Ifuthe kuqoqosho kunye nemozulu

Imiba ephambili ukuba kucacisa uhlobo yokufuduka zangaphakathi noqoqosho. kwavela icala Russian ngenxa kwinqanaba ngokungalinganiyo kuphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho lweli lizwe. Ngenxa yoko, kwabakho umahluko kweendawo kumgangatho nomgangatho wokuphila. Kwiindawo umda ekude yaye kulula kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne zeengqukuva, ngoko akuthandeki kuluntu.

Kuba indawo enkulu eRashiya kwaye luphawulwa nesimo sezulu. Ukuba olunemiqathango Belgium yohlobo olunye ngendlela elungileyo yokusebenza thermal, kuba nzima xa kwimeko Russian Federation ngakumbi. elifanelekileyo zokuphila kunye nemozulu nomtsalane kutsalela abantu emzantsi embindini lizwe. izixeko ezininzi emantla kwavela kwi leSoviet ngenxa kwinkqubo odolo nokuthumela kunye nezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo yesandi. Kwimarike simahla, abantu wazalwa kule mimandla zikholisa ukuhamba kuzo.

imiba yezentlalo zomkhosi

Iqela lesithathu zizathu - oko zentlalo, leyo zibonakaliswa amaqhina zembali kunye nosapho. Basimisela sizathu oqhelekileyo t. N. "ISETYHULA ukufuduka". Abahlali kwimimandla yasempumalanga emantla, eshiya eMoscow, ngokufuthi kuza emva ekhaya, t. To. Apho bahlala usapho, izalamane kunye nabahlobo.

Elinye iqela zizathu - usongo emkhosini. ungquzulwano ukunyanzela abantu ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo bahlale kwiindawo ezikhuselekileyo, kude kwegazi ezonka. ERashiya, ezi zinto zaba zibalulekile kwi 1990. Xa eCaucasus Northern, ingakumbi Chechnya kangangeminyaka eliqela waqhubeka imfazwe ekrakra.

amathuba

Development lokufuduka lwangaphakathi ukuthintela amaxabiso ezindlu engekho mgaqweni kunye nophuhliso ezibuthathaka imarike yezindlu kwimimandla. Ukusombulula le ngxaki ifuna inkxaso karhulumente kunye ngemali ingxaki iindawo, republic kunye namaphondo. Imimandla kufuneka ukwandisa ingeniso yabantu yokusebenza, imisebenzi emitsha, ukunyusa ingeniso-mali, ngokunciphisa imfuneko ngezimali mali.

apho esivumayo kuya kuba amanye amanyathelo. Ukuvuselelwa lokufuduka lwangaphakathi kunegalelo ekunciphiseni ifuthe elibi candelo kokusingqongileyo, kwakunye nokuphuculwa imeko yezibalo.