Le mba we self-induction - umonakalo kunye neenzuzo

KuFacebook gama kuthetha ukubonakala ombane kwisekethe yombane closed xa kufakwa nokutshintsha nobhobhozayo ngemagnethi. Vula yoqheliso magnetic kuphela emva kweminyaka engamakhulu amabini eyadlulayo Michael Faraday. Ngaphambi kokuba enze Andre Ampere, owenza imifuniselo efanayo. It lifakwa intonga coil metal kwaye ngoko, oko amashwa, waya kwelinye igumbi ukujonga galvanometer - waza ngesiquphe yena kuxhoxha. Inaliti ukwenza kakuhle umsebenzi wayo - ziye abamgatyayo, kodwa kude Ampere wahamba ebhadula kuloo amagumbi - umva ukuya zero. Oku yindlela isenzeko emzonda self-ayeba eminye iminyaka elinesibini de iyunithi coil kunye umphandi ngexesha elifanayo liya kuba endaweni eyiyo.

Ingongoma ephambili yomzamo yayikukuba yoqheliso EMF kwenzeka kuphela xa mhlaba otsalayo edlula utshintsho loop closed. Kodwa unako ukuyitshintsha njengoko uthanda - okanye ukutshintsha ixabiso lo mhlaba otsalayo, okanye ukuhamba nje umthombo intsimi kuthelekiswa yomtya efanayo closed. EMF leyo kuvela apha, kuthiwa "EMF efanayo." Kodwa yaba sisiqalo lwezona entsimini yoqheliso. Nkqu akumangalisi nangakumbi isenzeko of self-induction, nto leyo yavulwa ngu Dzhozef Genri malunga ngexesha elifanayo. Ekuhloleni bakhe, kwafunyaniswa ukuba mhlaba otsalayo ye Ikhoyili nje kuphela abamenza umoni ngoku kwelinye coil, kodwa xa zangoku Ikhoyili ukhuthaza kulo EMF olongezelelweyo. Apha ke nje ngokuba EMF self-uqhutyelwe. Le nesenzeko zombane umdla bukhulu ulwalathiso yangoku. Ndafumanisa ukuba kwimeko EMF self-kwezi- egcine sibhekiswe "umzali" yayo - nomsinga zibangelwa yi-EMF eziphambili.

Kwaye bagcine isenzeko of self-kuFacebook? Njengoko isitsho njalo, akukho nto lula. Buthani ezimbini iziphaluka: lokuqala - inductor gqolo ibandakanyiwe kwaye isibane, kwaye eyesibini - kuphela ibhalbhu. Ixhume ukuba ibhetri nge ekucinywa kuvulwe kuyo umbane. Xa yenziwe, ungabona ukuba ibhalbhu ilayite kwisekethe kunye Ikhoyili ujika "kabuhlungu" kwaye ukukhanya yesibini, ngokukhawuleza "kwi ukunyuka", uphendulela nangoko. Kuqhubeka ntoni? Kwiisekethe zombini emva yangoku uqala ukugeleza, kwaye iyahluka ukusuka kwiqanda ukuya iphezulu, kwaye njengoko ixesha sokutshintshwa lwangoku kwaye elindele ukuba Ikhoyili ukuba olwakha self-induction amandla electromotive. EMF Kukho Ukujikeleza closed - kuthetha ukuba kukho kwaye ngoku wayo, kodwa abade malunga wesekethe yangoku engundoqo, nto leyo ekugqibeleni ufikelela ixabiso eliphezulu ezimiselwe parameters zeesekethe, kwaye ayeke ukukhula, kwaye ukuba akukho tshintsho yangoku - akukho EMF self-uqhutyelwe. Yinto elula. A indlela efanayo, kodwa i "okunye", waphawula xa ucima i yangoku. I ntiyiso leswaku ku "mkhwa mbi" yayo ukuze kuchaswe naluphi na utshintsho ngoku, EMF self-olubangelwa igcina flow yayo kwisekethe amandla icinyiwe.

Ngoko nangoko kwabakho umbuzo - yintoni na isenzeko of self-kuFacebook? Kuye kwafumaniseka ukuba self-induction amandla electromotive kuchaphazela izinga utshintsho ngoku umqhubi kwaye kubhalwa:

E = L • di / dt

Oku kubonisa ukuba self-yoqheliso electromotive amandla E kisekiyo ngqo izinga lotshintsho di / dt kwaye umlinganiselo lomlingani L ngoku, lo inductance okhankanywe. Ngegalelo lakhe ekufundweni umbuzo, yintoni na le ngxaki yokusetyenziswa self-induction, Dzhordzh Genri wawongwa kukuba igama lakhe iyunithi lomlinganiselo inductance - Henry (H). Loo wesekethe inductance flow yangoku imisela isenzeko of self-induction. Umntu unokucinga ukuba inductance - yinto uhlobo 'yokugcina "lwamandla ngemagnethi. Kwimeko ukwandisa yangoku kwisekethe amandla ombane iguqulelwa lwangoku magnetic retards ukukhula, yaye xa ngoku Ikhoyili amandla magnetic iguqulelwa amandla ombane kwaye ugcina ze zangoku wesekethe.

Mhlawumbi, wonke ukubona yintlantsi xa ucima i iplagi eludongeni - oku lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo ngokubonakala EMF self-olubangelwa ebomini. Kodwa ke kubomi bemihla ngemihla ivula ubuninzi yangoku 10-20 A kunye nexesha kuvulwe msec abangama-20. Xa inductance of EMF self-aqhubela malunga 1 GN kulo mzekelo iya kulingana 500 W. Kubonakala ukuba mbuzo, yintoni na isenzeko self-induction akukho nto inzima kakhulu. Yaye eneneni, EMF ngokwethu ngabom ngumngeni omkhulu zobugcisa. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba xa isekethe oluvulelekileyo xa abafowunelwa ziyafumaneka azisekho, ixhasa self-inductance flow ngoku, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni ovuthayo nabo, ngokuba kwi ubuchule ubane beesekethe kunye nemisinga kwi amakhulu amawaka abantu amperes. Apha sithetha kudla ngokwethu ngabom EMF engamawaka amashumi amawaka volts, yaye oku kufuna izisombululo ezongezelelweyo yemiba yobugcisa enxulumene yokwanda kwiisekethe zombane.

Kodwa asingabo bonke into embi. Kuyenzeka ukuba iluncedo kakhulu le EMF iyingozi, umzekelo, kuba iinkqubo injini ucinezelo yokuvutha kwangaphakathi. Loo nkqubo siquka i inductor ngokohlobo i autotransformer kunye yagcina. Oku wacanda ngoku zaseprayimari jiko, nto leyo sivala a yagcina. Ngenxa yoko, isekethe evulekileyo kwenzeka kwi self-induction EMF amakhulu volts (ibhetri onika bonke 12B). Ngoko ke ombane na ngakumbi iinguqu, kwaye ukubetha kwentliziyo lingaphezulu kwe-10 kV ngenxa yintlantsi ucinezelo.