Umthetho gravitation jikelele

Ngomhla kwithambeka imihla yakhe, Newton yavuma, njengoko wenza konke ngenene na. Waye ehamba apile ngumyezo abazali bakhe ngequbuliso wabona esibhakabhakeni emini, nenyanga. Kwaye ngoko oko kuza off iapile phambi kwakhe esebeni kwaye ewela emhlabeni. Ngeli xesha, Newton wasebenza umthetho sesindululo, wayesele esazi ukuba ukuwa iapile ngokusondeleyo ukuya impembelelo womxhuzulane. Mna ke bendisazi ukuba iNyanga, endaweni ejinga emoyeni, ukuba kuchaphazela ethile amandla uyibambe okuwo, ayiniki off indlela ndiye indawo evulekileyo. Kwakunjalo ngexesha kukuwa iapile phambi weza uIsake; yawa apile, uze uhlale phezu komzila inyanga ikhokelela amandla enye. umthetho Newton womxhuzulane wayesondele lokuvula.

Makhe sijonge imbali. UGalileo kunye nezinye ababengaphambi ze Newton wafunda intshukumo kwemizimba (ngokufanayo nolukhawulezayo), esiwa emhlabeni. Kucetyiswa ukuba ziyenzeka nje yendalo kwaye ikhona kuphela phezu komhlaba wonke umhlaba. Kepler kunye ithi ezifana-nye nokuba kwiinkalo neminye imithetho yamazulu, ingengabo abo elawula intshukumo kwehlabathi. Zonke iimpikiswano ubilisa phantsi ukuba imizimba yasezulwini, ngokwegunya yogqibelelo sokuhambisa yakhe, ilawula, kwakhona, ngenxa imfezeko yayo. Ngamanye amazwi, benokundileka yahlulwe iindidi ezimbini: ezisentlabathini (abafezekanga) kunye yasezulwini (egqibeleleyo).

Kunye nokuqonda Newton ukuba zizidibanise zombini iindidi womxhuzulane engqondweni yakhe. Sinokuthi lo mzuzu wembali, ngokuhlanganisa ukwahlulwa lobuxoki (of the Umhlaba) neyenziweyo (yonke).

izibalo Newton wamenza ngoku ifundeka ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: umthetho gravitation jikelele. Ukuchaza ukuba uthi, phakathi iperi lwemizimba kwindalo iphela kukho amandla yomtsalane efanayo. UMthetho enxibe ngohlobo lenxaki:

F = GMm / D2,

M kunye m - ubunzima kuthetha umzimba mnye kunye yesibini, D - umgama phakathi imizimba, F - amandla yomtsalane omxhuzulane. G apha - rhoqo uzimisele ngokomfuniselo kwaye, ukuba ukuvakalisa oko units SI, ilingana ukuya 6,67 × 10-11.

Kodwa ke umthetho womxhuzulane ufuna ukuphawula ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, usebenza zonke imizimba izinto eziphathekayo, nto leyo kwindalo iphela. Umzekelo, iincwadi, funda wena, kwanjengokuba nani ngokuxhomekeke amandla yomtsalane ezifanayo omxhuzulane, elilinganayo ubukhulu kodwa echasayo ulwalathiso. Force lincinane kakhulu ukuba izixhobo ezibuthathaka, kodwa zikho kwaye Kuyakwazeka ukubala. Omnye umzekelo - nokutsala phakathi kwakho kunye quasar ngamabona elikude, nto leyo isuswe kule ezigidi zeminyaka ukukhanya. Ezi imikhosi enomtsalane zincinane kunonyaka bekunjalo kumzekelo wokuqala, kodwa zikhona.

Okwesibini, amandla koMhlaba womxhuzulane-sangqa kumphandle kuchaphazela umzimba uphela kwi inxeba njengoko nanini na. Ngelo xesha wenze le mandla, leyo ibalwe usebenzisa ifomula ngasentla, emzimbeni uvakalelwa ngayo njengoko ubunzima zabo. Wisa into. Kwaye le nto sukela emhlabeni kunye ukukhawulezisa efanayo. UGalileo yokuqala uyithathayo kungabonakala ngokomfuniselo kukukhawuleziswa lobungakanani esiwa kufutshane kumphezulu womhlaba. Khumbula bukovku g ukusuka equation? Kodwa UGalileo ke ngokomfuniselo nomlinganiselo rhoqo, yaye eli xabiso Newton (ukukhawulezisa womxhuzulane) ingafunyanwa umjikelezi kwifomula emhlabeni ubunzima (M) kunye radius yayo (D). Subject yomlinganiselo UGalileo iba izibalo kunye uqikelelo Newton.

Okwesithathu, umthetho gravitation lubonisa jikelele kwaye acacise isakhiwo inkqubo yethu (solar), imithetho Kepler kaThixo, apho zibonisa isikhokelo lomhlaba kungaba anokuzuzwa kuyo. Kuba inkoliso kwemithetho Kepler kaThixo, ezo kuphela umlinganiswa esichazayo - sisazinzulu imigqaliselo ngokubanzi nje ifomu zezibalo. Kwinkqubo omkhulu umyalelo yehlabathi, ngokutsho Newton, okubangelwa imithetho Kepler kaThixo Njengesiphumo esithe ngqo kwemithetho ubucukubhede kunye nomthetho gravitation jikelele. Kwakhona sibona inguqu ezifunyanisiweyo enokwehla ifunyenwe kwinqanaba elinye ngendlela izigqibo ecacileyo logic-based kwaye ukufudukela kwelinye inqanaba.

Nokuba inyaniso elathethwa Newton kwiminyaka yakhe liyancipha? Ngaba bebile, ethetha malunga zophando lwakhe? Akukho maxwebhu okubonisa okanye disproving ukuba ingxaki gravitation, Newton useleganelwe kanye kwelo xesha yaye ngenene ngokwayo, akukho. Kodwa ke la maxwebhu ezaziwa kwaye bayathanda ukuba ulahlekile. Kwaye abadume wathi: Newton wayeyindoda kabi oyikisayo ngocoselelo ngandlel 'ukuba oluchaphazelekayo ukulungiswa kwe eziphambili kwizifundo zesayensi emva kwawo. Ngoko mnyama inyaniso, uziva izoyikiso incinane, kwaba kwindalo yakhe.
Yaye uhlala umbuzo: kutheni, ngemva umthetho yakhe gravitation jikelele kwi 1687th, ukuyivula yena yomhla we-1666, unyaka? Yintoni eyahlula le minyaka engama-20?