NeNgonyama ingundoqo

neNgonyama Absolute - luhlobo oluthile lukarhulumente. Kwesi sakhiwo, imiqathango leenkundla, isigqeba, yowiso-mthetho, kwaye kwezinye iimeko nokuba amandla omoya eneneni kunye nomthetho buzinze ezandleni nomlawuli omnye.

Ukumkani ingundoqo lasekwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kumazwe amaninzi, apho yayikhona kuze ngenkulungwane ye-18. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, le fomu urhulumente welizwe elo xesha kwafika ngokwemvelo.

neNgonyama Absolute (in a obanzi) luphawulwa njengoko ngokwenene amandla, kuba ilifa. Ngengqiqo emxinwa, le fomu karhulumente ithetha imida. Ngokomzekelo, kumazwe amaninzi ukumkani ingundoqo nabameli owayamileyo (i Cortes eSpeyin, eUnited Jikelele eFransi, i Zemsky Sobor in Russian).

Ngelo xesha, nkqu sinegunya mda, nguzwilakhe kwafuneka owafuna ukubalelana kwizifundo zakhe. uluvo lwabantu kulo mzekelo ayikwazanga iyakubonakaliswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo kunene: ukusuka iingcebiso zabacebisi ukuya luqhankqalazo kunye ukubhukuqwa yokumkani.

neNgonyama Absolute kwi yiEnlightenment ayikho nje engenasiphelo, kwaye waba imvelaphi nguThixo amandla. Oku negalelo elikhulu nezazi ixesha. Louis 14 ngcono kunabanye ezichazwe ingcamango absolutism kwi binzana yakhe "Urhulumente - ndim."

Olu hlobo urhulumente ekhuthaza branched uyilandela kwakhiwa amapolisa rhoqo kunye nomkhosi.

absolutism yayo zebhola emandleni Western yaseYurophu wafikelela kwiinkulungwane 17-18. Ngeli xesha, kukho epheleleyo lonke karhulumente. Lo mlawuli, sanikwa amagunya lomthetho nelesigqeba, uthatha izigqibo ngokuzimeleyo, umisela iirhafu kunye, ngokokubona Ukulahla yalo wokulondoloza imali karhulumente.

Amandla mda le nguzwilakhe wayekholose yezikhulu. Eqalisiweyo iimeko eqhekekileyo feudal, lo absolutism manqanaba okuqala yokuphuhlisa kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Ngexesha lokusekwa urhulumente ukuba luphawulwa intshukumo ngokwanelisayo ngcembe: ekulweni yokutyiwa kwaloo feudal eqhekekileyo, le ngaphantsi kulo ibandla, ukuqaliswa imithetho efanayo. Kuphuhliso lwamashisini, ezorhwebo, uqoqosho yesizwe ijoliswe ekuqiniseni amandla zomkhosi ngenxa iinzuzo elizayo.

Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, imisebenzi absolutism okukwiqondo omnye okanye omnye umnikelo onke amazwe aseYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, lo epheleleyo ngakumbi lo uhlobo lorhulumente eFransi. Eli lizwe ufikile absolutism ngenkulungwane ye-16. Yaye ukuphakama kwawo kwafikelela uhlobo zikarhulumente ixesha ebukumkanini Bourbons (Louis 13 no-14).

neNgonyama Absolute eNgilani yafikelela incopho yayo ebudeni bolawulo Elizabeth I Tudor (1558-1603 gg.). Nangona kunjalo, e British Isles ekwimo yakhe Classic, eli gunya iye ayasekwa. Ubukhulu becala nqanda ipalamente. Ngaphezu koko, akukho umkhosi, akukho uyilandela.

Kumazwe ahlukeneyo, absolutism ukuba abo okanye ezinye iimpawu. Ubukhulu becala Iyigqiba yempembelelo ezi okanye namanye amacandelo oluntu kwi kwezopolitiko yangaphakathi kweli lizwe. Umzekelo, eNgilani neFrance nempembelelo ngoohlohlesakhe bezindlu zasebukhosini nababenemihlaba enkulu.

Kwisiqingatha sesibini absolutism ngenkulungwane ye-18 bafudukela kwisigaba esilandelayo. Ifom karhulumente kweli xesha kuchatshazelwa yi iingcamango yiEnlightenment. Ngenxa yoko, zakha "absolutism bakhanyiselwa".

Ngophuhliso kunye nokudityaniswa inkqubo yobungxowankulu eYurophu, ubukho absolutism waye ziyaphikisana ngamandla umyalelo omtsha eluntwini.

Kwamanye amazwe (umzekelo, France, Russia), ukungaboni ngaso phakathi kuluntu oluphuhlayo nasekunqandeni amandla akhe ziye zisonjululwe ngendlela yotshintsho olululo. Amanye amagunya baye kufika limited, siseko uhlobo karhulumente.