Yeyiphi isakhiwo ziitectonic plates akayisungula ithafa Russian? Zomhlaba kunye nesimo sendawo ye-Russian Plain

Ummandla omkhulu amahlathi evela Pechora kunye Karelian hlathi, oki kwanwenwa band eliphakathi, equka oovimba okuziinkozo enkangala kunye namadlelo kumathafa - kule ndawo yonke - ukuba omnye, njengoko ithafa Russian. Imephu welizwe lethu kuqinisekisa ukuba la mazwe inani elikhulu izixeko needolophu, kwaye ngoko ke eyona ndawo inabantu.

Russian okanye East yaseYurophu Plain ndibone imbali ngaphezu kwewaka ngonyaka-Russia. Yakhonza entsimini amadabi inkululeko, oko walityhutyha Tatar-Mongols, abendlu kukaNapoleon Hitler. Yiyo le kucace kwenzeka iziganeko amakhulu yotshintsho olululo. Kwakhona wadlula ukwakhiwa ezingundoqo yoluntu yali. Yaye kude kube ngoku le ndawo yinxalenye yezoqoqosho ebalulekileyo yaseRashiya.

geography

East European Plain ise indawo enkulu. Endaweni yayo, yinto yesibini kuphela Amazon. ilizwe layo iqala zivela elunxwemeni loLwandle lweBaltic wandise ukuya iqala kwintaba Urals, ukususela kuLwandle White kunye noLwandle Barents ukuya lweCaspian kunye Azov.

I indawo okuyo ye-Russian Plain yenziwe ngohlobo lokuba umntu ukufikelela iilwandlekazi ezimbini.

Emantla-ntshona yinxalenye yale ndawo ulinganiselwe ezintabeni aseScandinavia. Emzantsi-ntshona kunye nentshona ngayo ifikelela kummango Central Europe kunye Carpathians. Yintoni enye ke iintaba emdeni kummandla ahlala yi kwithafa Russian? Imephu ebonisa indawo kwi mpuma eCaucasus, le Urals kunye Mogodzhary - empumalanga. Ukongeza, ummandla mmandla Russian iphela ezantsi elingasemntla iCrimea kwiiNtaba kwi ekusingasiqithi iCrimea. Le ndawo yonke kwezigidi ezine yezikwere. Oku ngaphezulu amabini kunye newaka nesiqingatha ngeekhilomitha ukusuka emantla ukuya emazantsi, iwaka - ukusuka empuma kuye entshona.

I indawo okuyo ye-Russian Plain kangangokuba iindawo zayo ezinkulu ngaphakathi Russian Federation. amazwe Ngaphezu koko, apha ibekwe ezifana eLatvia Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Ukraine kunye Moldova, Poland eFinland, eBulgaria kunye Romania, kunye Kazakhstan.

ukukhululeka

Ngomhla kummandla yenduli East European Plain ibekwe, ukuphakama ubuninzi - ukusuka 200 ukuya 300 iimitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. Kukho kwakhona esesihlanjeni, kunye evuzayo nabo imilambo emikhulu. ukuphakama iphezulu ocacileyo iqatshelwe Urals, kwakunye Bugulma-Veremeevskoy endulini. Apha kufikelela kwinqanaba 479 m. Ubude avareji umgangatho wonke ummandla mmandla kukuba kwi-170 eemitha.

Inkcazelo kunye nokwahlulwa iimpawu zangaphandle isiqabu ozibandakanye orography. Le yenye izihloko, leyo ebandakanya nokwakheka. Plain Russian ngezizathu, ezo zichazwe orography, yahlulwe iimfuduka amathathu - i Central, emantla kunye esemazantsi. Xa wokuqala nabo ke emathafeni Russian, ungabona intaba enjalo: iVolga, Central Russian, Bugulma-Belebey kunye General Sirt. Bona yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye nenye Phantsi iVolga kunye Oka-Don esezantsi.

Isithomo band

Uncedo kwe Russian Plain kwi komcu elingasemntla becala ezisezantsi zogqunyelelwe. Kuphela kwezinye iindawo kule ndawo zibangele okanye nezidanga ezincinane saa ezintabeni encinane. Ngendlela ukusuka entshonalanga ukuya empumalanga emntla-mpuma kukho enye ESmolensk kunye eMoscow, kwakunye kwi Valdai Hills kunye lwamawa eMntla Zone. Ngenxa yemimandla yabo a yomlambo phakathi Arctic, North, Atlantic, kwakunye ekufunxeni embilwini Aral-lweCaspian isitya. Kuyabonakala ukuba ukususela lwamawa Northern ukuya Barents kunye neelwandle White, kukho ukwehla ezithile kummandla amathafa.

Kulo wesithathu, nesiqwenga esemazantsi kukho esesihlanjeni ezininzi. Phakathi kwabo, The Black Sea, lweCaspian kunye nabanye. Bona ezahlulwe ukuphakama ephantsi (Stavropolskaya Ergeni kunye t. D.).

Ukwahlukanisa izakhiwo ziitectonic plates

Xa umhlaba ngamandlakazi iye iindawo ezinkulu yayo imida iimpazamo ezinzulu. Le izakhiwo ziitectonic plates. Wafunda isayensi eyahlukileyo zejoloji. igama layo - zomhlaba. Le uqeqesho lujolise kwezakhiwo ezimbini ezinkulu ukuba ibekwe kuqweqwe lomhlaba. Eli qonga, kwakunye ibhanti ihambe. Eyokuqala kwezi ndawo abazinzileyo, ukuba kumgangatho othe tyaba. Amaqonga sele phezu izakhiwo elisongiweyo kutshatyalaliswa emhlabeni. Ngelo xesha linye babe isakhiwo umaleko-mbini. Ngoko ke, inxalenye esezantsi eqongeni inobutshijolo crystalline leyo nto ndiyibhalayo amaplanga endala. Ngaphezu lo maleko i cover ludaka. Thatha inxaxheba nokubunjwa kwayo wathabatha kamva iidipozithi. Zomhlaba yabela Iizilebhu kunye neebhodi eqongeni. I Abokuqala ngabo iindawo apho isiseko ubuxoki ngokupheleleyo kubunzulu, kuhlawulwa yi-inshorensi ludaka. izabelo crystalline engqindilili isiseko enye, liphakanyiswe ngaphezu phezu komhlaba. Kukho kwakhona iqweqwe ludaka. Nangona kunjalo, akukho rhoqo esezantsi-namandla.

Ngokumalunga ibhanti movable, yinto isahlulo laphela kuyo noqweqwe, apho kwindawo ukuya kwixesha langoku phambili iinkqubo zemfundo.

Ngokusekelwe kule yokuhlelwa, ngokwesakhiwo ziitectonic plates abazahluleleyo ithafa Russian? Kakade ke, iqela lokuqala, oko kukuthi, amaqonga.

Imbali ingenzeka

Isiseko se Russian Plain kwiqonga mandulo. Kungenxa yoko le nto isiqabu le ndawo ibandakanya ikakhulu esezantsi. Ukwenziwa kwintsimi enkulu kangaka babenempembelelo, iimeko zayo ezininzi zendalo. Le umoya, amanzi kunye ezihambayo.

Isiseko kweqonga East yaseYurophu abakwiindawo kubunzulu ezahlukeneyo. Kuphela phakathi Karelia kunye Kola Peninsula akungeni kumphezulu womhlaba. Le ndawo kuthiwa ikhaka lweBaltic. It linxulunyaniswa imvelaphi Hibin elahliweyo kwi Kola Peninsula. Xa Ezinye isiseko ubandakanya isiciko ludaka, nto leyo eye igunya eyahlukileyo.
Zonke ezisezintabeni ukuba kwi East European Plain, kwasekwa imisele iqonga okanye uphantsi kweempembelelo a glacier, okanye ethathwa isiseko.

Isiphumo ziitectonic plates landscape

ithafa Russian uba isiqabu platform eqhelekileyo. Nazo zonke nezihlambo zazo kunye uplands imvelaphi ziitectonic plates. Ziziphi iimpawu le platform? Yeyiphi isakhiwo ziitectonic plates akayisungula ithafa Russian?

Lonke kummandla eliphethwe flat sezwe. Kwaye yonke Bulelani isakhiwo ziitectonic plates, nto leyo eye iqonga plain. Ngazo zonke izitenxo isiseko kwakhokelela ekubeni kusekwe yasezithabazini kwelikhulu ezinye neenduli. Umzekelo, ekukhuliseni isiseko Voronezh yaba ityala Central Russian inkangala. Ukwehlisa iqonga kuye kukhokelele ukuvela kwi Caves kwaye i lweCaspian kukudakumba.

isakhiwo ziitectonic plates ye Russian Plain kummandla ezininzi ibonisa crystalline imbasa Precambrian kunye isiseko. zone Southern kubekwe esesiphelweni langasentla kwipleyiti zamaSkitiya elele Paleozoic balisonge kumgangatho ongaphantsi. Esi sakhiwo sinika impendulo ngqo ngakumbi umbuzo ebhaliweyo ukuba siye koluphi na isakhiwo ziitectonic plates yethafa yokuzinikela Russian. Umda phakathi iipleyiti ezimbini aluchaphazeli mmandla.

Ubume kwezakhi ziitectonic plates

Nangona kukho inyaniso yokuba umlinganiswa jikelele kummandla kuyabonakala, xa kukhululwa kukho zombini esesihlanjeni kunye obhudlayo. Le ingcaciso yale ingafumaneka kwi iimpawu zomhlaba ye-Russian Plain. Into yokuba isakhiwo yalo ekuthethwa owahlukeneyo kwaye olungalinganiyo yeentshukumo owayephila zemfundo. On ukuhlolisisa kubonakala ukuba eqongeni emva entilini Russian, iqulathe izinto ezincinane. Zezi:
- iiplanga;
- anteklizy emele iindawo isiseko nzulu;
- syncline iindawo glei ongaphantsi Precambrian sibekwe kwindawo enzulu kakhulu.

anteclise

Eyona projekthi inkulu kwezi zinto ibekwe kumbindi esityeni Russian. Le iVolga-Urals kunye Voronezh anticline. Njengenxalenye yokuqala kuzo siyabakhuthaza enkulu (nasemagumbini) kunye nokudakumba. Kulo mzekelo, Ebubanzini neetyuwa imalunga 800 leemitha.

Ummandla Voronezh anticline ngcembe wehlela ukuya entla. Phezu kwesiseko salo zibhityile babulingana nesandla nokufumba yawo carbon, kunye ordovika Devonian. Ethambekeni eweni emazantsi yamawa overlying le Paleogene kunye Cretaceous. Kulapha, ne-carbon.

syneclise

Bakudala kakhulu kunye nezintsonkothileyo kwi isiqalelo layo ukwakheka ummandla eMoscow. Apha, i ongaphantsi crystalline yenzeka kolu qweqwe lomhlaba kwi anzongonzongo kakhulu. Isiseko eMoscow syneclise ezi aulacogens, ezo zizaliswe elime engqindilili izixhobo. Ngaphezu ezi zoleko ze inshorensi ngentlenga imelwe ngamatye ezahlukeneyo ukususela Cambrian ukuya Cretaceous.

In the Neogene-koqeqesho eMoscow syneclise unenzondelelo kuvuselele olungalinganiyo. Oku kubonakala kwendawo, apho kwakukho induli afana Valdai Hills kunye ESmolensk-Moscow, kwakunye esezantsi - Northern Dvina kunye Upper iVolga.

Kwi-East European Plain enye syneclise ezinkulu - Pechora. Singene kummandla nesinqumka kumntla-mpuma yinxalenye Plate Russian. Its isiseko block akulingani kubunzulu ezahlukeneyo, lwathi kummandla wasempumalanga ukususela 5000 ukuya kwiimitha ezili-6000. Ukuzaliswa le syncline zezi iyaxela rocks zamafu Paleozoic leyo ayangenana iidipozithi eziphakathi-Cenozoic.

minerals

Ngoko ke, sagqiba kwelokuba iyalele kutsho kumathafa Russian isakhiwo ziitectonic plates abazahluleleyo, yintoni na imbali yayo yokwakheka komhlaba. Ngenxa ixesha elide nokubunjwa kwayo, le iqonga endala yeyona geostruturu enamandla. Iqulethe oovimba ungaphelelwayo kwezimbiwa. Ngoko, xa kokusekwa iqonga wafumana imali ebekiweyo yentsimbi ekrwada. Bona zibekwe kwindawo i Kursk anomaly ngemagnethi. Kwiqweqwe ngentlenga iqonga wafumanisa amalahle. Baza kucinga kwimpuma ye Donets Basin kunye eMoscow isitya. In Mezozoic kunye Paleozoic ukuba oovimba oyile negesi. Le isitya phambene-iVolga. Hayi kude ukusuka Syzran wafumanisa shale. Xa ezinzulwini Russian Plain izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zokwakha - .. Limestone kunye igrabile, udongwe, njl omdaka lekalika, webauxite, ityuwa kunye phosphate ezifumaneka kwiqweqwe ludaka.

Ukwahluka kweendawo zendalo

Njengoko sele uyazi Plain Russian ise indawo enkulu. Kungenxa yoko le nto iphawulwa zilingo ngokukhawuleza zemozulu. imimandla Natural olulula Russian thaca ngokokwahlukana kwalo konke. E Far North - kumathafa ngamandla ayo eliphantsi kunye nohlaza abahluphekayo ikhula kwimihlaba afanayo wamatye. Summer pholisa le ndawo, kunye nokufuma phezulu, ukwandisa ngenxa kufutshane Arctic Ocean.

Nje kumazantsi ndawo na ummandla tundra yehlathi. Elilandelayo ummandla phakathi Russian Plain. Igqumeke yi amahlathi. Inxalenye yawo kumntla esilawulwa hlathi emnyama coniferous, amila kwimihlaba boggy podzolic. Esinga kwelasezantsi kukho kwimiboniso engumxube, ngelinye ngamahlathi avuthulukayo oki, maple kunye Linden.

imimandla Natural olulula Russian emazantsi yehlathi kunye emathafeni sithandaze. Le nendawo wakhawula, njengoko umthetho, umhlaba ezimnyama izityalo herbaceous.

ilizwe yindlala

I kakhulu kumzantsi-mpuma East European Plain ise kwi lweCaspian uxinezeleko. Phantsi yempembelelo yemozulu owomileyo abunjwe apha kwindawo semi-entlango, akhiwe kwimihlaba nezompleyini. Kwezinye iindawo kukho nayo owulahlayo. Le zone imihlaba ezingwevu, ilukhothayo ityuwa kunye nezimbuku yetyuwa.

isiphelo

Russian ngokuzeleyo njani nethafa njani ifundwe ngokweenkcukacha? Uluhlu apho izikhombisi lokuphendula (isakhiwo ziitectonic plates, imimandla yendalo, imozulu kunye t. D.) Ukuba kuqwalaselwa ngononophelo. Oku kuluncedo omangalisayo olubonakalayo ezinokunika uncedo olukhulu ekuqondeni nokufunda inkcazelo efunekayo.