Sociology Western Modern

XX leminyaka yaba lixesha yophuhliso esebenzisa amandla kakhulu science lwentlalo. kwabantu ntshona Modern nje kwenzeka kweli xesha. Yaba ngeli xesha kwakukho iseti beengcamango kunye neentsingiselo, National Society of Iingcali and International lwezenhlalo Association sele zisekiwe, ukuphuhlisa iindlela efakiwe izifundo enokwehla ukuba yenziwa ngaphakathi sikhokelo kwamaziko ophando kunye nophuhliso.

kwabantu ntshona Modern yavela e Europe, kodwa imi- 20-lwekhulu XX. indawo ephambili isosioloji wafudukela eUnited States. Kweli lizwe, inzululwazi isosioloji kuphuhliswa Ezobunzululwazi, esijoliswe ingcamango positivist obubalulekileyo ngokuchaneka kunye naxanasi kobungqina yenzululwazi. Nabaphandi kwabantu American ukusuka nenzululwazi ithiyori iye yaguquka ku pfunaka.

Ngaxeshanye kunye nalo mkhwa wenzululwazi ngabantu Western mihla obukhuliswe kwamanye amazwe isosioloji esisiseko zemfundo. Oku kukhokelele ekubeni icandelo olunemiqathango lwe isosioloji kwi enokusebenziseka theoretical component.

yokuhlalisana ntshona Modern njengendlela yokuziqeqesha wohlulwe inani elikhulu ngokwaneleyo kwiinkalo zenzululwazi ezahlukeneyo kunye nezikolo. Mabazihlele kunzima ngokuba yokuqhelaniswa ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye nemiqathango, kunye nexesha ukwenzeka, yaye indlela kuphando.

Enye wokuhlelwa sivakalayo kokuhlambeleyo imi ngolu hlobo. Imiba yokuhlalisana bohlulwa babe ngamaqela amabini enkulu. Eyokuqala ingcamango "macrosociological", eli eliza postulate igunya eluntwini ngokunxulumene oyedwa. Ingqiqo yalo qela phando ibandakanya intshukumo langasese yamanqaku ewonke, oko kukuthi, ingcamango "ubuntu" ka "ekuhlaleni" kwaye ingqikelelo "inkqubo loluntu."

Ukuqala ezi ngcamango lusukela iimfundiso Comte, Durkheim, G. Spencer. Eli qela nayo ibandakanya uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo kwaye esebenza (ekhokelwa T. Parsons), ithiyori ungquzulwano (ekhokelwa L. Coser kunye Dahrendorf), structuralism (Levi-Strauss, Foucault), Determinism zeteknoloji (V . Rostow Dron R., D. Bell, J. Galbraith) Neoevolutionism (J. Stewart, L. White, J .. Murdoch), kunye nabanye.

Iqela lesibini liquka umbono "microsociological", nto kugxilwe yaso phambili kwindawo yokuqala - ubuntu, umntu, loo mntu. Bafuna ukucacisa imithetho jikelele lwezenhlalo, ukuhlalutya ihlabathi lwangaphakathi mntu, ingakumbi intsebenziswano yomntu nabanye abantu abathatha inxaxheba uluntu. Indlela yeli qela oososayensi kufuna intshukumo ukusuka ethile ukuya jikelele, ukususela oluntu ukuya kwinkqubo karhulumente.

Qala yokusonga ezi ngcamango libhekisela izimvo M. Weber, abanye abameli psychosociology (G. Tarde, L. Ward, Pareto). yokuhlalisana Western le ntsingiselo ngoku limelwe le interactionism lokomfuziselo (A. Ntshikilelo, C. Cooley, H. Blumer, A. Rose, J .. Mead, G. Stone), isosioloji phenomenological (A. Schutz, Luckmann T.), ithiyori Exchange (J. . Homans, P. Blau) ethnomethodology (Garfinkel D. A. Sikurela) kunye nabanye.

Eyeza siyahambelana iqela elithile methodological, zinokwahluka kakuhle kakhulu kakhulu kwaye ndawo umdla, kunye ukutyhilwa nesenzeko ethathelwa ingqalelo.

Modern ntshona kwabantu Dictionary Ukhokela uluhlu onomtsalane izikolo trends ukuba nokuphuhlisa kwi mzuzu eYurophu eMelika. Ngokunzima kuphuhliswa kunye nezalathiso ngokwamava theoretical component. ithandwa kakhulu ngezentlalo ngoku nangokwasengqondweni isimo ubunzima kunye neenkqubo. Kuba isikolo French luphawulwa umdla eliphezulu ekufundweni kwingcingane yesihlwele. Ukongeza, ukuphuhlisa kunye nolwalathiso uzobe olwenziwe yokuhlalisana. theory eziphuhlileyo mveliso, uluntu post-mveliso kunye nolwazi. Iphuhlisa ulwalathiso emkhosini-lwezenhlalo.