Fuko Mishel: Biography and Philosophy

Fuko Mishel phakathi kwabantu bexesha lakhe kuthathwa ukuba kakhulu yoqobo kunye phambili-bulumko yaseFransi. Eyona kwicala umsebenzi wakhe - isifundo imvelaphi yabantu kwimeko yembali, isimo sengqondo oluntu malunga abagula ngengqondo kunye kanye ingqikelelo yokugula ngengqondo.

Ebuntwaneni. ebufaneni

Mishel Fuko wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 15, 1926 kwelisezantsi kwidolophu encinane yephondo. Usapho lwakhe ebeyinalo indlu oogqirha: uyise, utatomkhulu, bobabini ephethwe yi-msebenzi. Babelindele ukuba umzukulwana kunye nonyana omdala kuqhubeka ishishini labo baze bahambe kwindlela lezempilo, kodwa nangona uxinzelelo, inkwenkwe wamkhusela ilungelo labo lokuzimela ekuqondeni yaye ngokuyinxenye bafuduka imithi ukuze ezikhona. Enye ukuba batye yaba mbini igama lakhe. Xa intsapho yakhe kwakukho isithethe - zonke-ezisanda kuqala ukunika igama uPawulos, kodwa umama uPawulos wabiza unyana wakhe Michel, kwaye umntwana bakhetha xa igama igama yesibini. Ngoko, kuwo onke amaxwebhu asemthethweni ebonakala njengokuba uPawulos, kodwa uluntu eyaziwa ngokuba Mishel Fuko. Ibali lobomi bakhe kwakhona kakhulu impikiswano.

kwabantu, kwixesha elizayo, mbali sobulumko, waba esikolweni kakhulu eziphakamileyo eFransi, kodwa wayengakwazi ukuba uqhagamshelana nabo abafundi bakho. imfundo avareji efanayo wamkela ngexesha amaNazi aseYurophu, yaye oku inesandla ngaye umntu, etshintshe engile ngombono wakhe. Yonke into eyenzeka ngexesha xa nkqubo imisela bayahlelwa abantu, ingenakuthatyathwa ngokusekelwe iziseko namhlanje yokuziphatha ngentsulungeko yoluntu. Abantu babecinga ngokwahlukileyo, ubomi babo batshintsha ngokukhawuleza, kwaye akusingisi kokhona kulungileyo, ngoko beseka yamanyathelo olukhulu.

ulutsha

Emva kokungena eyunivesithi ngo-1946, ubomi entsha iqala ezingamashumi Michel. Kwaye kwaba kubi kakhulu ngaphezu kobokuqala. Bonke abafundi kakubi nakhandiweyo uxanduva ngekamva labo, ngokuba izidanga eyunivesithi ezifana abantu awaziwayo Sartre kunye Canguilhem, ixesha ukubhala igama lakhe ngoonobumba yegolide kwimbali. Ukuphinda ngaphaya indlela yabo, kwafuneka ukuba kwahluka kakhulu ukusuka kwabanye.

Kulo mba, Fuko Mishel wenza yesundu. Wayesazi izakhono emsebenzini, ukufunda, umsebenzi ngendlela emangalisayo ixesha elide. Ngaphezu koko, imfundo olunzulu yayo, isigqebelo nokubhuqa abuhlungu ke nabo akanankathalo abaphethwe gadalala yakhe. Ngenxa yoko, nabo baqalisa kuyiphepha, wacinga ukuba aphumileyo ziingqondo. ngezikhondo zamehlo Ezo kwakhokelela yokuba Mishel Fuko wazama ukuba ubomi bakhe emva kweminyaka emibini emva kokuba zifunyenwe. Esi siganeko kwaziswa kuqala kuye ukuya kwisibhedlele sabagula ngengqondo of St. Anne. isenzo emacaleni sakhe esihle kwakusekho, kuba Ngqonyela yabalaselisa umfundi ezingazinzanga ukuya kwigumbi elahlukileyo.

inaye

Okokuqala, ngenxa lowo sobulumko Mishel Fuko wakwazi kwenzeka kwixesha elizayo, ukuba Zhak Lakan Gyusdorf. Yaba nguye owamcebisa ukuba izifundo zabafundi babo phezu zengqondo, abasa esibhedlele iSt Anne ngenxa uqeqesho. Okulandelayo yaba Al-Louis Tyusser, iqhubheka isithethe ezihlangwini zakhe malunga noqeqesho lwabafundi. Fuko Mishel, nangona igama layo, ukwenza abahlobo kunye naye iminyaka emininzi.

specialist

Ngowe-1948, i-Sorbonne unika umbhali enomsila bulumko. Emva konyaka i-Paris Institute of Psychology omenza idiploma yakhe, yaye kwiminyaka emine kamva Fuko Mishel waphumelela kwisikolo esinye, kodwa sele psychopathology elithile. A omninzi umsebenzi yatya ixesha ye-bulumko kwi eSt Anne Hospital. Yena uya kwiimviwo zonyango entolongweni, ikhaya abagulayo, ukufunda ubomi zazo kwaye imeko ebuhlungu. Ngenxa kule sengqondo kwizigulana, umsebenzi kakhulu ngokwasengqondweni acacisa mihla Mishel Fuko. Biography ngokufutshane ichaza eli xesha ebomini bakhe, kuba yena ngokwakhe wanibeka phezu kwawo. Esibhedlele yaba enye abaninzi ke France. Akazange abe naziphi na izinto eziluncedo ezibalulekileyo okanye nezingeloncedo ivelise umbono kunokuba ngxelo imbi xa ujonga kuyo ngokusebenzisa amehlo ugqirha mihla.

ukufundisa

iminyaka emihlanu, ukususela ngowe-1951 ukuya 1955, Fuko Mishel afundiswe Ecole normale Supérieure size sixelise mentors zabo, kakhulu, kukhokelela abafundi ukuya esibhedlele of St. Anna zikhenkethe kunye nezifundo. Belingelilo ixesha ephithizela kubomi bulumko. Kwangaxeshanye, yena uqala ukusebenza kwincwadi yakhe "The History of Uyageza", ngokukhuthazwa ngu Marxism ebomini - nemisinga ezithandwayo bulumko ixesha. Efuna ukuphinda ngokoyisa Sartre nokuba ophumelele kwiziko elinye,-nzulu amabhongo wafuna lonke ithuba ukuphucula indalo yakhe. Wada kwafuneka afunde isiJamani ukufunda imisebenzi Heidegger, Husserl kunye Nietzsche.

Ukusuka Nietzsche and Hegel - Foucault

Kwiminyaka kamva, xa isimo sakhe malunga Marxism ebomini zatshintsha, ukuhlonipha umsebenzi Nietzsche ihleli yobomi. impembelelo yakhe kunokubonwa imisebenzi kamva ka Foucault. Yaba lo sobulumko waseJamani bamsa ingcamango emilibeni yokuzalwa, oko kukuthi, ukufunda imbali ngemvelaphi iingqiqo, izinto kunye neengcamango.

Enye inkalo bobuchule Mishel Fuko onyanzelekileyo ukuba Hegel. Okanye kunoko, utitshala wakhe Hippolyte, lowo ke mxhasi wangumququzeleli Hegelianism. Kuba ngokunjalo ifilosofi elizayo nkqu ithisisi enikelwe ukuba uhlahlelo imisebenzi Hegel ephefumlelweyo.

Marxism

Mishel Fuko, engobomi nefilosofi leyo edibene zezepolitiki eYurophu ngelo xesha, ukuze bazibandakanye Communist Party ngo-1950. Kodwa ke ukuphoxeka ezi zimvo beza ngokukhawuleza, kunye neminyaka emithathu kamva ishiya le oluthi "red". Ngexesha nangethuba elifutshane icala Foucault ilawula ukwandisa abafundi Ecole normale Superieure kwaye kuququzelela uhlobo isangqa izilangazelelo. Institute intendelezo yaba iklabhu ingxoxo-mpikiswano, inganga leyo, kakade, uMichelle. Le umnqweno tshintsho, izimo zengqondo ahambelanayo phakathi kwabantu abatsha kungachazwa yokuba abantwana babo neni kwenzeka ebudeni yeSibini kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi, kwaye ulutsha - inkqubo nokunikezelwa iinkalo yempembelelo phakathi USSR kunye neNtshona yeYurophu. Babona njengezenzo zobuqhawe, kwaye ngeliphandle ndini, wema khona elowo kubo Resistance pati halo yothando. Ubulungu kwi Communist Party wabanika ithuba ukuze kufutshane amaphupha abo.

Iimpawu beqela ujongo yayisinda kakhulu kwindawo yokwenene ezisingqongileyo,, uyalahlwa kabukhali siseko yongxowankulu ziboniswe kwi umsebenzi Foucault. Kodwa, njengesiqhelo, babembalwa kwinkalo eyahlukileyo ngaphezu kokuba kulindelwe kuye. Uninzi lwalo unomdla ubudlelwane ngamandla. Kodwa akukho imizekelo ecacileyo, kunye nabo covertly ezikhoyo eluntwini: komzali nomntwana, umfundisi-umfundi, ugqirha-nomonde, umveleli ngecala. Okuninzi iinkcukacha sobulumko siqonde kwaye uchaze ubudlelwane phakathi kwengqondo kunye umntu ugula ngengqondo.

ngohambo

Ubomi eFransi udimele uMichel Foucault, yaye ngokungxama wapakisha iingxowa zakhe, ekhohlo ukuya. stop wakhe wokuqala eSweden, ilandelwe yi Poland kunye Austria-iHungary. Ngeli xesha, kukho umsebenzi esebenzayo kwi "Imbali Uyageza." Eli xesha ebomini bakhe iphawulwa Ukuthanda ethile indlela waphawula Mishel Fuko ( "Biography"). Iifoto lwalunjani kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwaye nkqu amazwekazi, sivula i, sobulumko entsha ebilahlekile. Uye emandiyenze eBrazil, eJapan, eKhanada, i-USA, Tunisia.

usapho

Ekupheleni ubomi bakhe, le ndoda abanetalente ukuba ekugqibeleni wafumana indawo apho unako ukuze sonwabe ngokwenene. Ukufunwa ende kwakungenxa yobumbaxa ukuqonda kunye nokwamkelwa uluntu lwaseYurophu of ababephila ngayo yena wasebenza Mishel Fuko. zokuphila kwakhe bekusoloko obusemfihlekweni, ekubeni ubufanasini kumazwe yobukomanisi-nye na bamkelekile ngokuphandle. Kodwa e California, US, izinto ezimbi kangaka. Kukho khona lempucuko olwahlukileyo abantu besini, alwa amalungelo abo, makhe amaphephandaba kunye neemagazini. Mhlawumbi oku kubangelwa yindlela yobomi kunye nempembelelo ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza yobomi Foucault bakhe. Ekwindla 1983 yokugqibela sobulumko watyelela eUnited States, yaye ngehlobo lika 1984 yokubulawa ekupheleni-nqanaba HIV - AIDS.

wamagama

Ukufunda of impambano njengoko lokuphelisa lomntu evela kuluntu kunye nophuhliso yayo, isimo uluntu esisingise ugula ngengqondo, intsebenziswano phakathi ugqirha kunye nomonde waqiniseka Foucault wayecinga ukuba akukho mntu fundanga le ngxaki ngaphakathi emphakathini wabantu. incwadi yakhe - asiyonto imbali zengqondo, kodwa kunoko indlela yophuhliso lwayo nokwamkelwa eluntwini njengendlela yokuziqeqesha.

Wayenomdla ngokukhethekileyo nomba yempembelelo bubugeza kwi inkcubeko ixesha apho ngenkuthalo asakhulayo. Yena wasondela ukufana phakathi yayilixesha elithile elizibalula ngeziganeko zembali kunye engundoqo, ngokutsho inkampani, njengokubonisa ubutyhakala, ngoko oku kuncwadi, imibongo, ukupeyinta yexesha. Ngapha koko, abantu zobugcisa bebesoloko wayeqinisekile ukuba ugula ngengqondo uyayazi imfihlo wobukho bomntu kwaye ozakuthathwa inyaniso mkhulu, kodwa inyaniso ayikho njalo nice nokuba mnandi, ngoko abantu 'uphilile "kufuneka ibiyelwe ungabikho nezityhilelo" abagulayo ".