Sobulumko Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich: engobomi, igalelo kwinzululwazi, iincwadi

Orientalist, sobulumko, umphengululi, umbhali, kunye umseki esikolweni semiotic Pyatigorsk Alexander Moiseevich wazalelwa eMoscow ngo-1929. Ebudeni bemfazwe yena babalekela Nizhny Tagil. Waphumelela Moscow State University (Faculty of Philosophy), wafundisa iminyaka emininzi Stalingrad kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, yaye ukususela 1956 wasebenza Institute of Oriental Studies phantsi kobunkokheli Yu. N. Reriha, apho wayezithethelela ithisisi yakhe kwimbali weencwadi zakudala. Okulandelayo Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich wafunda semiotics kweso sifundo, University of Tartu.

Umbhalo, iincwadi

Kubo for Aleksandra Pyatigorskogo osoloko Moscow, umzi apho wazalwa ngo January 30, 1929. usapho lwakhe ofundileyo kwaye ekrelekrele, malchku wamnika imfundo ebalaseleyo. Lo tata, wayeyinjineli steelmaker edumileyo, iminyaka emininzi abaqeqeshiweyo eJamani eNgilani kwicala urhulumente waseSoviet. Intsapho wachitha imfazwe Nizhny Tagil, eneminyaka engama-elinanye uAleksandr Pyatigorsky waqala apho ukusebenza kwi-mveliso.

Ngowe-1951 waphumelela Philosophy Faculty of eMoscow State University waza wathunyelwa Stalingrad, apho wayefundisa esikolweni. Ngowe-1973, wemka lizwe waza wahlala eNgilani, apho into emandiyenze kwiYunivesithi of London kwaye bathatha inxaxheba kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo kamabonakude. Wabhala iincwadi ezininzi zobugcisa kwaye sele ishicilelwe isixa elingu lweengqokelela ngayo amanqaku zenzululwazi. imisebenzi ephambili yobugcisa kuluhlu ngezantsi.

• "Le intanda-nasezirhangeni." London 1989.
• "Khumbula umntu wasemzini." EMoscow, 1999.
• "Tales kunye Amaphupho". EMoscow, 2001.
• "Abantu yaMandulo esixekweni." EMoscow, 2001.
• "Le yokucinga ukubukela." Riga 2002.
• "Incoko njalo." EMoscow, 2004.
• "Sobulumko Free Pyatigorsk". St. Petersburg, 2015.

usapho

Uyise sobulumko Pyatigorsk - uTimoti xa uMoses Gdalevich yiSoviet, techie, owayesazi konke malunga isinyithi kunye ngentsimbi, wafundisa kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo, ukuba sifune inzululwazi nokuziqhelanisa, ukufunda ngamava-mveliso eJamani ne England. Hi ndlela leyi, akukho mntu entsatsheni, kuquka uMoses ngokwakhe Pyatigorsk, ingcinezelo akuzange, nangona ngemvelaphi, ubume ekuhlaleni, ubuzwe (amaYuda) kwaye ibe elide kuhlala kwelinye ilizwe. Le ndoda ngayo ubomi nempilo entle kunene, kuphela kwisiqingatha sonyaka akazange aphile ngokuvisisana iminyaka elikhulu elinamanci. Xa kuthelekiswa noyise wakhe, wafa oselula uAleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky. Umhla wokuzalwa kunye nomhla yokufa yahlukanisiwe ukusuka kwenye nenye kwi ndiminyaka imashumi asibhozo-nye. Unina wayengekho evela oososayensi kodwa kwintsapho edumileyo kakhulu ubutyebi, kodwa, ngokutsho Alexander Moiseevich, "wafa oselula" - ibinguye kuphela asibhozo anesixhenxe.

imisebenzi yangaphandle

Ukususela ngo-1960, oko waqala ukuzivakalisa incwadi yakhe, okokuqala soavstorstve (nangona wombhali rhoqo kuvela kunye bonke ubomi). Bamatasa kulo Pyatigorskiy uAleksandr Moiseevich kunye nemisebenzi amalungelo oluntu, kule minyaka 70 inxaxheba Rally zixhasa intshukumo ophikisana, kuquka nxaxheba bayo - Ginzburg, Sinyavsky, uDaniyeli. Ngowe-1973, wakwazi thutha eJamani, ngoko - e-United Kingdom. Ngenxa ngokutsha Pyatigorskiy uAleksandr Moiseevich Ndaqalisa ukufumana amabhaso evela lizwe, leyo ushiye malunga namashumi amathathu eminyaka eyadlulayo (Andrei Bely Prize for inoveli yakhe "Khumbula umntu wasemzini", umvuzo Institute of Ifilosofi RAS).

iilwimi eyaziwa kakuhle, ingakumbi ezinqabileyo, ezifana nesiSanskriti iziyelelane Tibetan, ukuguqulela umBhuda kunye nezibhalo Hindu. Uye ebhalwe iinoveli eziliqela kunye omninzi umsebenzi uphando kulo mhlaba. Uye emandiyenze kwizifundo ze-bulumko lwezopolitiko phantse kulo lonke ihlabathi, ukuba unjingalwazi kwi-University of London. Wavela ifilimu - "The ukuzingelwa mabhabhathane", "Philosopher usindayo", "umoya ococekileyo inkululeko yenu," "Hitler, Stalin, Gurdjieff," "Shantrapa". Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky wafa eLondon ngo-2009 sisifo sentliziyo.

Buddhism

"Ifilosofi akuncedi nto nakubani, kwaye oko ixabiso layo - utsho uAleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky -.. Kungenxa yokuba ufanelwe kwizincamathiseli oluntu kufutshane kakhulu kwaye ixesha elide" Kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, umbhali watyelela eMoscow iiveki ezimbini ukufunde iintetho kwiSikolo New Economic kwintanda amaBhuda. Abafundi bafunda lukhulu. Malunga nendlela zodonga idibanisa ezingqondweni WayengumBhuda nenzululwazi.

Alexander M. Iintetho ezininzi zanikezelwa India. Oku apha lugqibelele imathematika: calculus ngokokuma kwemoto, yaqalisa ukusetyenziswa zero. Nakuba kunjalo, izikolo zabo beeSayensi zeNdalo kwi amaNdiya khona, ukusukela kwicala lokuqonda zabo, ukuqonda ngokunzulu Ezolimi, ngezengqondo, imathematika, yahluke kakhulu, umzekelo, amaGrike efanayo Aristotle kaThixo. Abanamdla kakhulu inxaxheba isixhobo amalungu angaphakathi abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Kwakhona, bambalwa izigcine amacandelo zeentaba, imigxobhozo kunye emahlathini. Aleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky, iimbono zeentanda leyo ngokucace kakhulu esicaciswe kwezi ntetho umdla, wayekholelwa ukuba akukho inkcubeko ukuba benze into enye, kuba kuya kukhokelela ukonakala yesizwe.

Phantsi nge inertia!

Sobulumko Alexander Piatigorsky, ogama engobomi uhlobene ngokusondeleyo isifundo iimfundiso Tibetan, exhaustively ukugqala ulwazi lwenzululwazi zehlabathi bendalo ubuBhuda. Ukususela ngokombono lamas Tibetan, ngokubanzi abafundileyo, ulwazi iziyelelane emininzi ngolwimi lwabo kwakunye nesiSanskriti, Mongolian, Chinese, IsiNgesi, ukufunda iincwadi zenzululwazi ezininzi, nkqu Darwin, nangona misebenzi yakhe, kakhulu ayikaphuhlisisi ezingaphuhliswanga. Kodwa abo zesayensi efanayo British kunye zezibalo baba lamas akusondela, ingqondo yabo evela emlonyeni wabo, isikali liphezulu.

zefilosofi yaseYurophu kunye mbali, nangona into yokuba bonke irhoxisiwe ngabaphengululi, baye kuye kwaqatshelwa yi ngabantu laliphakathi nje. Development njengoko sobulumko baqonda uAleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky, kuba kuqala kuqala nenkululeko: kuqala, ukukwazi ukufumana impendulo yalo mbuzo, okanye isisombululo bayo le ngxaki, kwaye okwesibini, ukukwazi ukulishiya ngoko nangoko uhlobo ezifumaneka kwicala entsha. Oko kukuthi, ukwala lonke ihlabathi inertia odityanelweyo kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi. yemfuza Modern, izibalo kunye physics, kakhulu, baqala kancinci ukuza inqubo onjalo.

imeko ethile

Alexander Piatigorsky, ogama engobomi iquka weni amaninzi nezifundo ezahlukeneyo postulates nangobunto, wayekholelwa ukuba ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe, lonke elaseYurophu, kuquka zendalo, inzululwazi wafika entsha bokukhetha ngakumbi kwithuba lokufumanisa. Semvelo, zezenzululwazi, ekuqaleni ngeke ezamahala, uphando lwakhe ngokuqhelekileyo ndinyanzelwe inani elikhulu banikwa uhlobo lwezinto, yaye ngenxa yokuba kaninzi uqalisa "umdaniso esitovini."

Kodwa zefilosofi bakhululekile, sizinikiwe nto Musa ukuthandabuza, kwaye unakho ukuqalisa kuyo nayiphi na indawo yolwazi, eyoba. Ukongeza, zobulumko musa cinezela saziwe kwiinkulungwane-ubudala lusekiwe, ngenxa yokuba lo mbandela hlobo, nkqu kwiiyunivesithi khange kufundwe. Kubandakanywa izikolo yamandulo bulumko.

abe

Phantsi kwintanda-bulumko iinkcuba yaseYurophu yayibhekisela ekunene, ezakwalizwi, yaye kamva Studies Biblical, isiHebhere Latin (njengolwimi wokwenene, nesetyenziswa ngokubanzi de Renaissance). Kule iseti amayeza ekugqibeleni longeziwe. Zonke ezi nenzululwazi elinikelayo, kodwa bulumko ecocekileyo wayengekho phakathi kwabo, lamiswa kule mihla. Kuphela kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane elinesibhozo, bekukho sihlalo wokuqala bulumko wokufunda Edinburgh. Kuba indawo kuwo walwa uDavide Hume kunye Adam Smith. Kwaye emva koko waya Kant, Fichte, Hegel, emva koko ekugqibeleni wathabatha ngokohlobo bulumko njengesifundo zokufunda. Kodwa amaBhuda njalo philosophized njengoko kuchazwa izifundo zakhe Alexander Piatigorsky. Esi sisiseko semfundo yabo.

akukho isayensi

Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich, iincwadi ezo ikakhulu sizinikele bulumko, zange wadinwa lisithi ukuba ayikho kuluhlu lenzululwazi ophezulu-grade. Wayeqiniseka ukuba intanda - oku inzululwazi. "Xa kela yenzululwazi - wabhala - akamntu ukwehla nkqo, kodwa ke umthamo othile okanye indawo ezaliswe into enye, kodwa apho inkcubeko-bulumko kwindawo ohlala ...."

Ekugqibeleni, akukho bulumko, abantu inokuphila ngokugqibeleleyo. Oku akunjalo, umzekelo, malunga amayeza.

A sezibalo? A physics?

Inzululwazi, imfuno apho kuvela kuphela xa ijika ezithile engqondweni, xa akabaxwa, kwaye intsingiselo kunye nokubaluleka koko kuzisa abantu, abantu akuyomfuneko kunjalo, njengoko ngokuqhelekileyo kucingelwa. theory lokugqibela physics akwenzeki ngenxa yokuba inkqubo acinge umntu kuba esichazayo. Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich, engobomi leyo ubunjwe "vangama rhoqo kwanokucinga ngokuba ingcinga" Ndiqinisekile ukuba ingcamango yokugqibela ukuba kunjalo, abanqwenelayo ukuphuhlisa izazinzulu ezininzi - oku tomfoolery, ngathi ekudaleni uluntu ezifanelekileyo ngokupheleleyo, yokugqibela kunye jikelele. luluntu ngokuphindaphindiweyo neembila (ubukomanisi, umzekelo), kodwa abantu baya azingeke zifikelele akayi kuba kunokwenzeka idyll yale nepaki. Ukufuna ubonisa alinakuzuzwa ukuba abantu bazalwa nje ngaphezulu kwamandla yabo, kodwa, phezu koko, kufutshane phezulu njengoko iqhubeka ngobuhlakani lweshishini ngokucacileyo nokwenzeka. Ngokutsho sobulumko, akukho okubi, njengokuba ngokugqibeleleyo njengoko njengekhrayitheriya ibalulekileyo ukuchaneka - kulapho ukuya kwi indlela umdla.

Ukuveza postulates

indoda abangafundanga, ngokutsho Pyatigorsk, inokuba sobulumko, kodwa akubonakali kakhulu. Akukho yokucinga umdla ungaqali ukusuka ekuqaleni. Umntu Akukho bulumko unako makazibandakanye ngaphandle bulumko yabo. Pyatigorskiy Aleksandr Moiseevich, ogama ngumfazi yonke ingcinezelo enkulu wabathanda, iye kunqula, kunjalo uyala isiqingatha ubuchule ezintle bulumko.

Njengoko hero baphikisana kwinqaku lethu: abafazi, ngokwembono yakhe, kuba kakhulu ngakumbi kunzima ukuyibetha umoya, nentanda-bulumko engenamsebenzi ngokupheleleyo. Noko ke, omabini la madoda akukho konke oko yinqobo kuye. Oku jikelele yinto enqabileyo - phakathi kwabafazi, yaye phakathi kwabantu, naphakathi iingwenya. Ukuze wenze oku, kufuneka ube engaqhelekanga, ezifana xa imali lokugqibela umntu uthenga iilekese, hayi isonka. Philosophy - ukusukela azikho kwa-ukubakho, nto leyo ngaphezu nje elungileyo. Yaye isibakala sokuba abantu kufuneka onwabe, ibinzana nankathalo yingozi kakhulu. Mhlawumbi omnye umsebenzi embalwa yokwenene bulumko - ukutshabalalisa isicwangciso postulates oqhelekilyo.

Ezolimi kunye semiotics

Relative kwimfundo inzululwazi Pyatigorsk wabhala waza wathetha umdla kakhulu. Umzekelo, ityala. Sobulumko ngokuyintloko Zibonisa phezu ulwimi, kunye neqabane lakhe, ngoko, intanda elidityaniswe ngokusondeleyo kakhulu yokuhlalisana kunye Ezolimi. Izithethi ezininzi ziya kuqalisa incoko yabo ngala mazwi: "kucacile ukuba ..." okanye "wonke umntu uyazi ukuba ...". Oku kububuxoki. Ayikho into izicacele. Yonke kuxhomekeke kokusebenziseka yethu "yeminqweno-andifuni." Eqhelekileyo ukuba umntu - musa ukucinga kwaye andazi nto. Akukho oku kodwa bafa. Ngubani, umzekelo, ngoku usakhumbula iingcali zeelwimi omkhulu edume kulo lonke ihlabathi, "indlwane iMoscow"? abantu Eqhelekileyo Russian akukho namnye andazi amagama: Starostin, Klimov, Yakovlev kunye Polivanov, Abaev ... Kwaye i-West ekwakusithiwa ngeelwimi Russian. Bayazi yonke kunye Jacobson, Reformed, kunye Zalizniak. Kukho olondolozo azinikele aba bantu, ukuba bahlaziye ulwimi Russian. Le miba abazinikele Izifundo ezininzi enikwe kwiiyunivesithi Russian uAleksandr Moiseevich Pyatigorsky. Photo of ezinye iintlanganiso kunye nabafundi iqhotyoshelwe apha.

Semiotics Alexander Piatigorsky wasebenza kuphela nje sobulumko. Nangona imfundiso yakhe kule ndawo wayengekho, wasebenzisa njengesixhobo ukunceda ukuveza iingxaki inzululwazi ezikufuphi. Wayekholelwa ukuba njengoko bulumko, loo nto ngamampunge, njengoko semiotics - oku ithiyori ecocekileyo, kodwa inzululwazi kukho into isicelo luncedo ngakumbi: Imigaqo O prognozis lokulinga. Ngoko nangoko ke wachaza ukuba semiotics nga kunceda sibonakalise nawuphi na ummandla.

On Language and lokuphola

Ngaphezu koko, Pyatigorsk akhathazeke ubuninzi kwiintetho entetho zombini abafundi Russian kunye IsiNgesi. Kwaye abo bazali - abantu abafunde kakhulu abo ephakanyiswe hero boncwadi. Kwaye kwenzeka ukuba ulwimi, bathi, eRashiya, ezona abalondolozwa bonke abantwana babantu isiqingatha-abafundileyo - mveliso iinjineli abaziintloko okanye majors zokudubula.

Ubona ukonakala kolwimi, asifikeleli ezantsi kwaye ukusuka phezulu, kuquka oonjingalwazi eyunivesithi, yaye icaphula imizekelo emininzi ngamava abo. Philosophize ngesiqhelo abantu abaye lokuzonwabisa. Yawona best afunyenwe kwi abo elininzi ixesha free. Kukwasebenza kwanjalo kuyo inkcubeko kunye nenzululwazi, nto leyo nayo akunakwenzeka ukuba yinyaniso ngokubaleka. Need umqeqeshi we elidlulileyo, kunokuba umntu Superjet mihla.

a isuntswana lobuqu

Emva izwe ukuya eLondon kwi 70s yokuqala, wabhala ukuba ingcinezelo eSoviet Union ngokubhekiselele kulo - intsomi, bububhanxa kunye akuyonyaniso. Wayefuna nje ukuba sihleli apha ehlabathini; kodwa hayi kweli lizwe. Kwaye kokuba kwenzeke. Wayishiya loo sobulumko kunye nonyana wakhe umtshato wakhe wokuqala kunye umntwana wesibini. umfazi Young, sele wamitha kwakhona, sekusondele kakhulu. Emva kwexesha elifutshane, kunye nabazali bakhe kunye nentsapho eLondon. Emva koko watshata okwesithathu baqala ukubathwala ngeenkuko abazukulwana ezininzi. Apha lo Pyatigorskiy uAleksandr Moiseevich. ubomi Personal sachithwa uthando kunye bonke abafazi babo neentsapho jikelele neliqaqambileyo kakuhle-ntle, nangona kwimitshato ezininzi. Mhlawumbi isizathu yayo ntle intsimbi Ngothando nangamandla.