Umongameli yesibini Ukraine Z Kuchma: biography, iifoto

Z Kuchma (owazalwa August 9, 1938) waye ngumongameli yesibini ezimeleyo Ukraine ukususela-19 Julayi 1994 ukuya kuma-23 Januwari 2005. Wathabatha ofisi emva kokuphumelela unyulo kamongameli 1994, oyise iqela lakhe - ngumongameli okweso Z Kravchuk. Kuchma yaphinda yonyulwa ukuba ezinye isithuba seminyaka emihlanu njengomongameli ngo-1999.

iindawo zazo imvelaphi kunye nemvelaphi

Apho ke waqalisa uhambo ubomi wakhe, Z Kuchma? ngobomi bakhe yaqala ezilalini kummandla Chaikino yezolimo Chernigov. Uyise, Daniyeli Prokofievich (1901-1942) wakhonza sapper kwi Army ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, yena walimala wafa kwisibhedlele entsimini kummandla Novgorod, xa Z wayeneminyaka emine ubudala. Mother Praskovya Trofimovna wayesebenza ubomi bakhe bonke efama.

iminyaka yokufunda

Z Kuchma emva kokuba kuvalwe izikolo ezisemaphandleni wangena Physics-Technical Faculty (FTF) Dnepropetrovsk State University, isidanga kunyaka 1960, lwabo injineli. Isibakala sokuba FTF yaba kwicandelo nzima, kukho uhlobo zeekholeji zobugcisa ngaphakathi jikelele eyunivesithi. Libizwa eyenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuqeqesha iinjineli ukuba kumiswe kummandla Dnipropetrovsk kwiminyaka 50 imveliso isithuba-rocket enkulu. Ngoko ke, inkoliso abafundi abayigqibileyo zathunyelwa ukusebenza ngomhla Southern Machine-Building Plant okanye irula CB "South", nto leyo imi--50-60 ikhokelwa uMyili odumileyo Jikelele M. K. Yangel. Kukho kwakhona wathunyelwa injineli oselula Z Kuchma.

Umtshato ophumelelayo njengoko injini career

Ngawaphi amathuba ukuba bangene kwindawo yobunkokeli kweli Bureau, apho kwiminyaka elungileyo ukusebenza ukuya kuma-20 amawaka. Abasebenzi, uninzi lwabo izidanga kwiiyunivesithi eziphambili yobugcisa eMoscow naseLeningrad, yaba inkwenkwe Ukrainian emva kokuba kwinqanaba lephondo kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo emfundo leyo ngezantsi ngokucacileyo? Oko kulungile, akukho. Kanti ke, Z Kuchma ngowe-1982, iye uMyili First uSekela Jikelele, ngoko leyo V. F. Utkin. Kwaye phambi kokuba ukuba umququzeleli malunga iminyaka esi-7 ubudala iqela KB, kwaye kukho ngaphezulu kwe-10 amawaka amakomanisi kwintlangano yakhe iqela, ukuze ukuba ukuqeshwa kuNobhala mbutho Party kule iqela lilungelo leZiko eliQinisekisa Central Committee CPSU.

indlela waphumelela? ukukhanya ekhokelayo Z waba umtshato ngempumelelo intombi lobuxhakaxhaka Yuzhmash ngoko oyintloko kamva ladlulela eMoscow, iSebe General Engineering njengentloko kwelinye iibhodi central. Kakade ke, uyise womkaMoses akwizikhundla eziphezulu wamnika umsebenzi wakhe umfutho lokuqala.

Career kwixesha eSoviet

Ngokubanzi, kunjalo, kodwa eli-15, Z Kuchma, uye ukusuka injineli eziqhelekileyo ukuvavanya umphathi technology enomjukujelwa kwi Baikonur Cosmodrome kwi elikwinqanaba uMyili oyintloko nabagadi babaviwa abancedisayo. Ngoko ke, eneneni, umntu enomdla kakhulu kwaye perpektivnaya (ngengqiqo yokuba ukukhula umsebenzi ngakumbi) ngeposi. Emva onke amalungiselelo sungula ngokwakhe sungula enomjukujelwa - sisiphumo yomsebenzi kwamashishini amaninzi encedisayo kulo lonke eSoviet Union, bathatha inxaxheba kuyilo kunye nokuveliswa kwenkqubo enomjukujelwa lonke, nto leyo equka ukongeza rocket ngokwayo nayo pad lomphehlelelo okanye yeyam, kuthetha zothutho, iinkqubo zolawulo izixhobo, telemetry, navigation njl Inkqubela yengxelo test imihla kwintloko aphezulu amagunya ababengekho mkhosi eMoscow kaThixo, udla iikhomishini ezininzi phezulu. Yena usoloko phambi nokuva, wonke umntu uyazi, mayidluliselwe ezintlanganweni iingxelo kunye neengxelo kwabasemagunyeni ezahlukeneyo. Emva kokusebenza iminyaka eliqela kwisayithi, ingcaphephe ngokuqhelekileyo zilinywe esitulweni eliphezulu izithuba ongamile kwababo (okanye omnye agency).

Kwaye hero yethu ngowe-1975 safudukela sihlalo weqela unobhala yokuqala 'Southern "uze Yuzhmash. Of iQela iKomiti zesityalo Kuchma waya kwisikhundla Yokuqala sikaSekela Jikelele Umenzi KB ngo-1982, yaye xa ekupheleni 80s kwakhe umhlala-phantsi kwiminyaka emininzi umlawuli we "Yuzhmash" Makarov, wamiselwa kwisikhundla esingenamntu.

Ngenxa yoko, ngelo xesha ekuweni waseUSSR, weza igama njengomphathi ophezulu, nangona lonke umsebenzi wakhe, iqela ukuveliswa akazange adale yaye akazange nokuphuhlisa naziphi na kuyilo olubonakalayo okanye imveliso le projekthi.

Premiership ngethuba umongameli we Kravchuk

Ukususela ngowe-1990 ngoko intloko Communist Party of Ukraine Vladimir Ivashko Kuchma wahambisa Premiership, kodwa wala, becaphula yokungabi namava. sele kudlule iminyaka emibini, kwaye abaninzi, kuquka i-Kuchma kakhulu, kwaye kwacaca ukuba lizwe phantsi uMongameli Kravchuk esingise enzonzobileni. Phantsi isisongelo yokufelwa yonk 'into efumaneke ngenxa ekuweni yiSoviet Union, elite East Ukrainian ngokwamaqela kwaye kwanyanzeleka Kravchuk, Kuchma ukuba onyule inkulumbuso kunye namandla ukukhupha imimiselo ukuba amandla komthetho. Ukususela ngoko, kule Ukraine kangangeminyaka eliqela musa ukuhlawula irhafu phantsi Code weRhafu, yaye ngokutsho kummiselo kwiKhabhinethi yaBaphathiswa.

Z Kuchma - uMongameli

Wayishiya isithuba Prime Minister of Ukraine ngoSeptemba 1993 ukubaleka umongameli kulonyulo ekuqaleni ngo-1994 kwiqonga ukuvuselela uqoqosho ngokubuyisela kwezomnotho ne-Russia kunye nokuqhuba iinguqulelo kwimarike ngokukhawuleza. Waphumelela uloyiso ecacileyo ngumongameli ukweso sithuba, Z Kravchuk, wafumana inkxaso enkulu kwiindawo zoshishino ukuya ngasempuma kunye nomzantsi. iziphumo zakhe kunazo zonke zaba entshona kweli lizwe.

Ngo-Oktobha 1994, Kuchma waqala kutshintsho koqoqosho olubanzi, kubandakanywa ukususwa yokulawula ixabiso, cuts irhafu, uthengiso lamashishini zoshishino lwezolimo, kwakunye iinguqu kulawulo wotshintshiselwano kunye zebhanki. hryvnia Ukrainian waqalisa ukusebenza ngo-1996, ikhondo lokuqala apho dollar kwaba 1,75.

Kuchma yaphinda yonyulwa ngo 1999 kwikota yesibini. Eli xesha, ezo ndawo amnike inkxaso emandla okwesihlandlo sokuqala, wavotelwa imbangi uPetros Simonenko, kwaye indawo phambi kokuba kuvotelwe nxamnye nayo, phezu koko, shoka him.

Ebudeni beminyaka elishumi gameli kwakhe, phantse yonke nyaka watshintsha IiNkulumbuso. Eyona idumileyo - oko Pavel Lazarenko wagwetywa eUnited States, yaye UViktor Yushchenko, zeza endaweni Kuchma ngo-2004.

Ngethuba ngokwemimiselo yayo ezimbini yesigqeba eUkraine iphuhlise isekhona kumaqumrhu olawulo karhulumente kunye inkqubo yowiso le nkqubo. Photography Leonida Kuchmy kaMongameli ixesha lesibini eboniswe ngezantsi.

Indima kule ntlekele unyulo ngo-2004

indima Kuchma kule ntlekele akukaqondwa kakuhle. Emva kokuba umjikelo wesibini ngomhla wama-22 Novemba 2004 kwabonakala ukuba Yanukovych iphumelele unyulo nini, ngenxa apho inkcaso ababukeleyo ezizimeleyo uphikise iziphumo, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni i "-orenji 'revolution.

Kuthiwa Kuchma wabongozwa Yanukovych kunye uViktor Medvedchuk (intloko ye-ofisi kamongameli) ukubhengeza imo yonxunguphalo ubambe wokunikezelwa Yanukovych. Kuchma akazange. Kamva, Yanukovych icala Kuchma esidlangalaleni umbuso. Emva kokuba amandla Viktora Yuschenko ngenxa komjikelo nomgaqo wesithathu yokuvota, yena wavuyisana kuye kokoyisa kwakhe yaye ngokusesikweni wasinika amandla ukuya kungena ezihlangwini kweli lizwe, kodwa kungekudala emva koko washiya Ukraine. Emva abaxhasi Yushchenko ekwakusithiwa Kuchma kaThixo ulawulo mthetho. Wabuyela Ukraine ngoMatshi 2005 kuya mhlawumbi ukusuka umongameli omtsha waqinisekisa ngumsebenzi wakhe.

Eli-10 edlulileyo yena kancinci zitshayelwe kubomi yezopolitiko eli lizwe, phantse akazange anike udliwano-ndlebe, yena alumeke phezulu kumabonakude. Ukuba akunjalo kuba iziganeko zale minyaka mibini idlulileyo, siye mhlawumbi kwakungayi ndikuvile nantoni na ngakumbi ngale ndoda njengoko Kuchma Z Danilovich. oku kongezwe elinye iphepha eqaqambileyo, xa ngo-2014 wamiselwa ngenxa ngummeli nguMongameli Poroshenko kweli Contact Group kwi-thethwano e Minsk zokusonjululwa zemfazwe kwi Donbass ngobomi bakhe.

Intsapho impilo yakho

Z Kuchma Utshatile ukuya Lyudmila Kuchma ukususela 1967. Intombi yakhe kuphela uHelen utshate Viktorom Pinchukom, a Ukrainian oligarch imvelaphi yamaYuda. Elena Pinchuk uye Roman unyana (wazalwa ngo-1991 ukususela yomtshato wangaphambili ukuya usomashishini Ukrainian Igor Franchuk) kunye neentombi ezimbini Victor Pinchuk.

Emva umhlala-phantsi, Kuchma wavumela ukugcina dacha urhulumente Koncha Zaspa kufuphi eKiev. Kwakhona akavumelekanga ukuba agcine ngokupheleleyo umvuzo wabo kamongameli kunye nabasebenzi yonke, kunye iimoto ezimbini norhulumente. Iindleko yokugcina igadi kunye imoto zihlawulwa kwi-mali karhulumente.

Omnye umba obangela uchulumanco ezinye ngeenxa ngabantu bakhe. Yayingubani Kuchma Z Danilovich, ogama ubuzwe ukuba bonke Ukraine, namaYuda. Kungenzeka, oku bububhanxa. Ize isasaze abantu balo elimxinwa-nye kunye abafundanga kuyaphi abo umgomo kuphela - nangayiphi na indlela bosit shadow uyagula ukuba loo manani indumasi Kuchma Z Danilovich. igama lakhe lokwenyani lowo ngu aziwa ngalo lonke ihlabathi njengomongameli Igama ezimbini Ukrainian.