"Oseltamivir": imiyalelo ukusetyenziswa, analogs, inkcazelo ichiza

Kutheni ukumisela ichiza "Oseltamivir"? Imiyalelo yokusebenzisa, analogs, kubonakala kunye Izimo beziyobisi ziza kuchazwa phambili umganyana. Siya kunixelela ukuba malunga nendlela apho unako ukuthenga uthe medicament, yintoni iimpawu ngayo, nokuba iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga njalo njalo. D.

Imilo, isakhiwo, inkcazo ichiza

Xa intengiso ichiza uza ngohlobo njengezingxobo atyheli-emhlophe. "Oseltamivir" - yinto prodrug. Xa ongena ebantwaneni, ukuba hydrolyzed kwaye atshintshelwe isithako esebenzayo - carboxylate oseltamivir.

Ukongeza njengezingxobo kunye medicament alahlwa ngokohlobo ngumgubo ukukhanya kukunqunyanyiswa ngomlomo.

iimpawu imithi

iziyobisi "Oseltamivir" Zisebenza njani? Imiyalelo isicelo ithi ukuba isiphumo kwezonyango kule iyeza isekelwe kwezithandani umsebenzi enqanda, ezithi zibekwe phezu kwale ntsholongwane virion yomkhuhlane.

Zakuba zifikile kulo medicament emzimbeni womntu icandelo yayo ephambili utshintshwa ukuya metabolite esebenzayo. Ngenxa yoko, oseltamivir carboxylate emane abangaphangeliyo neuraminidase. Ngenxa yokuba sesichengeni enjalo liyayeka inkqubo iseli phindo wentsholongwane egazini.

Ngokutsho ubugcisa, ukuthatha le amayeza kufuneka ilawulwe kwiiyure-35 emva kokuba iimpawu zokuqala influenza. Kuphela ngale ndlela ixesha sifo kungancitshiswa ngama- 30%, kwaye linokuba yeengxaki nobukhali iimpawu - 40%.

Pharmacokinetics beziyobisi

Nokuba iyeza ako "Oseltamivir"? Imiyalelo yokusebenzisa ibonisa ukuba malunga ne-90% ye oseltamivir phosphate wendele kwi gastro-emathunjini phecana. Le into esebenzayo aguqulwa ukuya carboxylate of oseltamivir, uze emva koko ungena kwegazi.

Malunga ne-3% of isithako esebenzayo lubotshelelwe iiproteni plasma. bioavailability wayo nama-76-85% kunye nokupheliswa nesiqingatha-ubomi - imizuzu 120.

Ukusuka oseltamivir carboxylate yabantu isuselwe izintso (malunga nama-80%) kunye kwesisu (20%). Half-ubomi ichiza iiyure 6-10.

Ubungqina obubonakalayo buxela

Kutheni ukumisela ichiza "Oseltamivir" (iqela kwifama -. Arhente Antiviral)? Ngokutsho imiyalelo, lo medicament isetyenziselwa ukunyanga umkhuhlane A no-B Kwakhona, oko kudla isetyenziselwa zokuthintela izifo wentsholongwane egazini.

Izimo

Ngaba "Oseltamivir" contra (inkcazo yokulungiselela sele uchazwe apha ngasentla)? Ngokutsho imiyalelo, ukwenza ichiza nanini:

• Hypersensitivity ukuya isithako esebenzayo;
• kwezintso ukusilela (ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza beziyobisi kwezi zigulane khange ezichongiweyo);
• kubantwana abancinane ngaphezu konyaka-1 (kukho ukungaqiniseki malunga nokusekwa BBB ebantwaneni);
• ukukhulelwa kunye ibele (akwaziwa ukuba ichiza idubule ngobisi lwebele kwabasetyhini, kwaye nokuba kuchaphazela olungekazalwa).

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kanjalo ukuba esi iyeza akukhuthazwa ukuba abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-13, njengoko iingcali zange igqitywe ukhuseleko kunye nokubaluleka 'Oseltamivir' lokhuseleko kunye nonyango lwe influenza.

Drug "Oseltamivir": imiyalelo yokusebenzisa

Vidal (Medicines Handbook) iqulathe ulwazi olubanzi kufuneka uthathe njani kwaye yintoni idosi beziyobisi umbuzo. Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba amisele ukuba ugqirha kuphela iziyobisi. Ngapha koko, kuphela liyincutshe onamava uya kukwazi ukukhetha irejimeni yonyango ekunene, leyo ngokukhawuleza nangempumelelo ukuphelisa zonke iimpawu engasi sifo wentsholongwane egazini.

Ngoko yintoni idosi kumiselwe "Oseltamivir"? Imiyalelo yokusebenzisa zibonisa ukuba eli chiza kufuneka lusebenziswe ngaphakathi kweentsuku-2 emva kokuqala kwekhefu imiqondiso yokuqala umkhuhlane.

Abantwana abadala ngaphezu kweminyaka eli-13 kunye nabantu abadala iziyobisi alawulwa isixa-75 mg kabini ngosuku iintsuku ezi-5. Kufuneka ube nangoko kuphawulwe ukuba ukwandisa umthamo ichiza (umz, ukuya ku 150 mg ngosuku) akazange kukhokelela ekwandeni ukusebenza therapeutic.

Ukuba ichiza ofuna ukumabela kubantwana abaminyaka iminyaka 1-12, idosi hlengiswe kuxhomekeke ubunzima bomzimba yomntwana.

Ukuthintela umkhuhlane abadala kunye nabantwana abangaphezu kweminyaka eli-13 emiselweyo 75 mg 1 kanye kwiiveki ezi-6 ngemini (umzekelo, ngexesha ubhubhane).

Izigulane Cl creatinine ngaphantsi kwe-30 ml ngomzuzu efunekayo ulungiso idosi (75 mg kanye iintsuku ezi-5 ngosuku).

iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ichiza emva kokungenisa

Naziphi abasabela ezibi kwenzeka emva ulawulo yokulungiselela 'Oseltamivir'? Imiyalelo isicelo ithi abasabela ezibi kakhulu ngokuqhelekileyo wabonakalaliswa ke isicaphucaphu nokugabha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi ziphumo abanomoya okanye ephakathi yabonisa kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwiintsuku zokuqala zonyango.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye izigulane, xa izigulane abafumana ichiza phantsi kovavanyo, ukuphuhlisa iphika, vertigo, sokulibala, angina ezingazinzanga, okwenziwa sisilonda pseudomembranous, ianemia, inyumoniya, ihumerus eziintsalu, ithumba peritonsillar kunye nomkhuhlane.

kunqabile kakhulu kubantu ezithatha ichiza "Oseltamivir", kukho iintlungu esiswini, ezindlebeni enomsindo, nokopha conjunctivitis. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ezi zinto zenzeka kanye kuphela kwaye shwaka ngokwabo, nangona unyango oluqhubekayo. izenzakalo ezinjalo musa ukuba ukupheliswa amayeza.

Emva kokutyunjwa iziyobisi antiviral abantwana abafikisayo nazo iziphumo ezibi libonakalalisiwe. Ezi ziquka izinto ezifana irhashalala, ityhefu epidermal necrolysis, ukudumba ulwimi okanye ubuso, arrhythmia, ukudideka, ukuxhuzula kunye zisiba lokuhamba seswekile.

imithi

Inkcazelo efunyenwe ngethuba zophononongo pharmacokinetic imithi uxele ukuba uphuhliso imithi ngokwezonyango ebalulekileyo abanalo eli chiza akunakwenzeka.

Imiyalelo kunye ichiza, kuthiwa ukuba isicelo ngaxeshanye le medicament kunye probenecid kukhokelela ekwandeni AUC of the metabolite esebenzayo ngamaxesha-2. Nangona kunjalo, akukho efunekayo uhlengahlengiso idosi.

amacala libanda

Ziintoni iimpawu sibonakala izigulane "Oseltamivir" amathamo aphezulu ichiza? Ukuphonononga kunye nemiyalelo uxele ukuba mhla kwavela iimeko ezinjalo. Noko ke, iidosi esalatha amayeza antiviral kunokubangela ugabhe okanye isicaphucaphu.

Ukuze ukusombulula ezi mpawu, unyango nomqondiso.

iingcebiso ezithile ukufumana amayeza

Into ekufuneka uyazi isigulane, phambi kokuba bathathe "Oseltamivir"? Imiyalelo zokusetyenziswa (abantwana kunye nabantu abadala ukuze ukwehlelwa ziziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezahlukeneyo) libonisa ukuba ichiza ayisebenzi babase kwisitofu yonyaka. Akazange iyaluthintela uphuhliso iingxaki ezinokwenzeka eneentlungu wentsholongwane egazini, kwakunye kwezifo.

Analogs medicament

"Oseltamivir" - ichiza ukuba kujongwe ukuba unyango kunye nothintelo lwe influenza. Lo arhente antiviral esiphathelene inhibitors of neuraminidase. Eli chiza eyaziwa phantsi igama lebrendi "Tamiflu". analogs zezakhiwo ngayo ayikho. Ukusebenza omkhulu, kodwa ophantsi kancinane, amachiza alandelayo ootitshala ababambeleyo, "Relenza", "Arbidol", "Flustol", "Kagocel" kunye nabanye.

Ukuphonononga nokuhlola ukusebenza ichiza

Ngokutsho iziphumo zovavanyo, ezo zifunyenwe eUnited States Mexico, iintsholongwane ezintsha ecingela inhibitors neuraminidase ( "Zanamivir" yaye "Oseltamivir"), kodwa abanganyangekiyo elinye iqela - adamantanes ( "rimantadine", "Amantadine") .

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iingcali la ukusebenza kweli chiza kwi ukunyanga umkhuhlane sele ifakiwe kubantu ngentliziyo ezingapheliyo kunye izifo zemiphunga.

Ngokutsho oogqirha, ichiza kunciphisa ixesha kweempawu emini-1, kodwa ke oku kuphela ukuba ngaba unyango lwaqalwa kwiiyure ezimbalwa zokuqala emva adibane isigulane.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, akukho ulwazi oluthembekileyo malunga nokuba isiphumo lokuthathwa nesiyobisi izehlo iingxaki izifo wentsholongwane egazini okanye esosulelayo.