Guns aselwandle Modern

Ukusuka kudaladala, amandla awalithabathayo olwandle ingqalelo iinqanawa ngemipu aselwandle. Kule indima ebalulekileyo eyadlalwa ubukhulu: kokukhona ke, loo nezahlulo umonakalo omkhulu ngakumbi yotshaba.

Noko ke, sele 20 zokudubula yomkhosi wamanzi kwinkulungwane cwaka kuye wangena imvelaphi uhlobo olutsha lwe isixhobo --mlilo. Kodwa umcimbi nangoku bengekafiki ukurhoxiswa zokudubula yomkhosi. Ngaphezu koko, kuye yala maxesha phantsi kweemeko zale mihla imfazwe elwandle.

aselwandle zokudubula Limbo

Kangangexesha elide (de kwenkulungwane ye-16) imikhumbi izixhobo kuphela ukulwa close - inkunzi yegusha ukushaya, indlela umonakalo emzimbeni lomkhombe, iimasti kunye amaphini okugwedla. Ukukhwela yaba ndlela iqhelekileyo lokusombulula iingxabano elwandle.

imikhosi Ground baba evelele ngakumbi. On ngelo xesha sele usebenzise zonke iintlobo ndlela ezweni. Kamva baqala ukusebenzisa izixhobo ezo amadabi aselwandle.

Wayila nokwanda nomgubo (nomsi) kakhulu bububumbi iingalo bombutho. EYurophu eRashiya, umgubo yaziwa ngenkulungwane ye-14.

Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa ulwandle kompu hayi kuye kwabangela nolonwabo phakathi oomatiloshe. Wompu badla ilithothise nemipu misfire, ukuba iimeko yokulwa kwakugcwele neziphumo ezibi kakhulu kubo emkhombeni.

ngenkulungwane ye-16 yaba ekuqaleni revolution lobugcisa iimeko ukukhula ngokukhawuleza imikhosi onemveliso eYurophu. Oku ayikwazanga kuchaphazela iingalo. Guns zatshintsha uyilo, isixhobo yokuqala abalibona. Gun umphanda iye mobile. Ukuphucula umgangatho kwazo. guns beenqanawa baqalisa ukudlala indima ebalulekileyo amadabi aselwandle.

zokudubula Naval kwenkulungwane ye-17

Kwiinkulungwane 16-17 zokudubula, kuquka ulwandle, iye yaphuhliswa ngakumbi. Iinqanawa liye landa inani ngemipu ngokuzibeka zibe phezu kwayo eziliqela. Iinqanawa kweli xesha badalwa ngokususela zokudubula edabini.

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-17 ziye zachongwa uhlobo, ukuvuleka imipu aselwandle, ukudubula zenzelwe zisekelwe kwizinto ezichaphazela zaselwandle iindlela. A nenzululwazi entsha - ballistics.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba imipu inqanawa ngayo kwinkulungwane ye-17 aba komboko zonke 8-12 calibers. Loo isiqu ezimfutshane kubangelwa imfuneko yokuba arhoxe ngokupheleleyo ngaphakathi emkhombeni zokumakishwa iyalayisha-imipu, ngokunjalo umnqweno ekunciphiseni umpu.

Ngenkulungwane ye-17, kunye nokuphuculwa imipu yomkhosi wamanzi zaye zaphuhliswa kwaye emthethweni. Mabutho baba amaqokobhe sigade kunye neziqhushumbisi, ibangela umonakalo omkhulu inqanawa yotshaba kunye nabasebenzi bayo. Owokuqala ukusebenzisa iqokobhe Iyadubula oomatiloshe Russian ngo-1696, ngethuba aphume ka Azov.

iinqanawa abaxhobileyo ngenkulungwane ye-18

Zamob gun kwenkulungwane ye-18 sele waba lock lenyengane. Ngelo xesha linye ubunzima lwalo yatshintsha ukususela ngenkulungwane yokugqibela eli-12, 24 no-48 eekhilogram ubunzima. Kakade ke kwakukho nezinye imipu calibers, kodwa asibhidlanga.

Le guns babekwa kulo umkhombe; phezu isaphetha, ngasemva, ukuba ube eliphezulu nengasezantsi. Ngelo xesha kwi kumgangatho osezantsi aba izixhobo esisinda ngaphezulu.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba elikhulu-ukuvuleka imipu yomkhosi wamanzi zaye ukhwele inqwelo ngompu kunye namasondo. Phantsi kwezi emasondweni kumgangatho ukwenza vee ezizodwa. Emva ukudubula adlula kunaso umva amandla bahlehla kwakhona wayelungele umlayishi. Inkqubo yokulayisha imipu inqanawa yaba into kakhulu nzima kwaye kuyingozi ukubala.

Ukusebenza ezinjalo guns badubula yaba uluhlu 300 m, nangona amaqokobhe wabiwa ukuya ku 1500 m. Into yokuba ukude projectile ithe amandla entshukumo. Ukuba awahlali kwinkulungwane ye-17 watshabalalisa kweqokobhe imina-24, xa inqanawa ngenkulungwane ye-18 wayengoyiki, kwaye-pounder 48. Ukusombulula le ngxaki, eNgilani, ngeenqanawa baqalisa ukuba bakwazi ukuzixhobisa sekhe 60-108-phawundi abanjalo 280 mm.

Kutheni na imipu kwi iinqanawa angabhalwanga phaya kwimbali ezindala?

Xa uqala kuqala, ezivuthayo kwinkulungwane yama-20 ukuya endaweni zokudubula zakudala, kuquka ke ngesinqanawa eso, kodwa ayizange yenzeke. Rocket bengakwazi ukubuyisela ngokupheleleyo imipu inqanawa leyo. Isizathu siyifumana yokuba kweqokobhe zokudubula ningoyiki naluphi na uhlobo ukuphazamiseka eyimpumelelo esebenzayo. Kuba buxhomekeke kakhulu kwiimeko zemozulu ngaphezu-mlilo. guns ivolibholi aselwandle baya- bafikelela usukelo lwakhe, ngokungafaniyo oogxa babo mihla - imijukujelwa iza.

Kuyinto ebalulekileyo ngokunjalo ukuba imipu zenziwe rate ulwandle olukhulu iimbumbulu kunye ezibalulekileyo ngaphezu izindululi irula. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iindleko imipu yomkhosi wamanzi yi enomjukujelwa asezantsi kakhulu.

Namhlanje, ke, ngenxa yezi mpawu anikwe ingqwalasela eyodwa kuphuhliso zokudubula yomkhosi. Umsebenzi yenziwe emfihlekweni.

Ukanti namhlanje, umpu wakhela emkhombeni yonke nobubi bayo zidlala indima enkulu exhasayo emfazweni yomkhosi wamanzi, kunokuba sobudoda.

Indima entsha zokudubula yomkhosi wamanzi kwiimeko mihla

Le kwinkulungwane yama-20 bazisa malunga notshintsho eziphambili pre-ezikhoyo kwi zokudubula yomkhosi. Uphuhliso Aviation yomkhosi wamanzi yaba unobangela. lezomoya uloyiko enkulu kuye enqanaweni, imipu aselwandle ngaphezu kumdlali welinye icala.

I-Second World War wabonisa ukuba inkqubo yokhuselo umoya uye waba ebalulekileyo longquzulwano elwandle. Yayilixesha elithile elizibalula ngeziganeko uhlobo olutsha kwezixhobo - guided imijukujelwa. Le nabaqambi ziye zicinywe kwiinkqubo ngezikhali. Ngelo xesha nye kwayekwa uphuhliso kunye nokuveliswa ngemipu komlilo engundoqo.

Nangona kunjalo, ezi zixhobo entsha yeenqubo ayikwazanga endaweni ngokupheleleyo imipu, kuquka umkhombe. Gun, ukuvuleka apho ayidluli 152 mm (ukuvuleka 76, 100, 114, 127 no-130 mm), kodwa wahlala Navy ye-USSR (Russia), eUnited States, iBritani, eFransi Italy. Noko ke, ngoku zokudubula yomkhosi wamanzi wabelwa ngaphezu indima exhasayo ngaphezu kukothuka. Zamob gun yasetyenziswa igqampe inkxaso, ukukhuselwa moya yotshaba. Le ziza flak zaselwandle. Njengoko waziwa kakuhle, isibonisi yalo ebaluleke kakhulu kukuba izinga komlilo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ekhawulezileyo-nqanawa umpu iye yaba yeyona nto kujoliswe kuyo yamajoni kunye nabayili.

Ukwandisa nezihlandlo kuqhume, zaye zaphuhliswa iinkqubo zokudubula oluzenzekelayo. Ngelo xesha, ukuba bakubhejele emhlabeni wabo, oko kukuthi, kufuneka ngokulinganayo kakuhle ukukhusela inqanawa elutshabeni amandla kunye waselwandle womoya, kwakunye enze umonakalo basezinqabeni yonxweme. Le yokugqibela kwakungenxa kukutshintsha Amaqhinga weenqanawa. Phantse yinto iimfazwe elidlulileyo aselwandle phakathi zisa izithuthi. Ngoku ke iinqanawa baba elide kusetyenziselwa imisebenzi kufutshane ngaselunxwemeni njengendlela kutshabalalisa izibonelelo ngokusekelwe emhlabeni-utshaba. Le ngcamango kwakhona ibonakala kuphuhliso kwezixhobo yomkhosi mihla.

Iinkqubo Shipboard zokudubula oluzenzekelayo

Ngowe-1954, i-eSoviet Union ekuqaleni ukuba kuphuhliswa ukuvuleka 76.2 Inkqubo mm oluzenzekelayo, kwaye ngo-1967 yaqala uphuhliso nokuveliswa lweenkqubo zokudubula bodidi oluzenzekelayo 100 ne-130 mm. Lo msebenzi waba ngowokuqala ngompu oluzenzekelayo aselwandle (57 mm) dvuhstvolny gun entabeni AK-725. Kamva indawo yasetyenziswa olunye-umphanda-76.2 mm AK-176.

Ngaxeshanye AK-176 mm-30 okukhawulezayo-sentlalo AK-630 wadalwa ukuba ibhloko emigodini ezintandathu olujikelezayo. Kule minyaka ingama-80 Navy wafumana umatshini oluzenzekelayo AK-130, nto leyo namhlanje imi phezu iinqanawa axhobe.

AK-130 kunye neempawu zayo

130mm gun yomkhosi wamanzi yaba yinxalenye ufakelo dvuhstvolny A-218. Ekuqaleni eyenzelwe umboniso-barreled elilodwa A-217, kodwa ke nokwazeka ukuba dvuhstvolny A-218 enamazinga aphezulu (ukuya kuqhume 90 kwi komboko mabini), kunye kukhethwa banikwa kuye.

Kodwa ukuba abayili kwanyanzeleka ukuba sandise ubunzima ufakelo. Ngenxa yoko, ubunzima yonke saba m 150 (ufakelo ngokwayo - 98 m, inkqubo yolawulo (CS) - 12 t, imishini ARSENALNY efihlakeleyo - 40 m).

Ngokungafaniyo nqanawa uphando lwangaphambili umpu (bona ifoto. Ngezantsi) yaba inani lemisebenzi esemqoka ezintsha ukuphucula izinga layo lomlilo.

Okokuqala, le iCartridge unitary, apho izingxobo zaye zadityaniswa ndawonye Isingxobo, intlawulo luthuthu projectile.

Kwakhona, A-218 waba oluzenzekelayo kwakhona iimbumbulu, ngoko ungasebenzisa zonke izixhobo ngaphandle umntu engaphezulu.

SU "Leo-218" ayifuni ungenelelo yabantu enyanzelekileyo. Ukulungiswa beqhumisa kwenza le nkqubo ngokwayo kuxhomekeke ekuchaneni ukuwa amaqokobhe udubulo.

A izinga eliphezulu umpu kuqhume kunye nobukho ezizodwa, ukuba iifyuzi radar ezisemaphandleni, AK-130 kwenza kube lula ukuba umlilo kwi ekujoliswe moya.

AK-630 kunye neempawu zayo

Umlinganiselo gun yomkhosi wamanzi AK-630 yenzelwe ukukhusela inqanawa ukusuka umoya kunye nokukhanya iinqanawa yotshaba.

Kuye ubude Umphanda 54 abanjalo. Ukudubula imipu Uluhlu kuxhomekeke kudidi iithagethi: ekujoliswe umoya bachatshazelwa kumgama-4 km, izitya kumphezulu ukukhanya - ukuya ku-5 km.

ufakelo Izinga ifikelela 4000-5000 amawaka rounds ngomzuzu. Ngaloo ubude emgceni unokuba izithonga 400, ilandelwe yi bekhefu efunekayo imizuzwana 5 zokupholisa of nemigqomo umpu. Emva Ekuveleni izithonga 200 ngokwaneleyo ukuba ndimaphule 1 yesibini.

Nezikhali AK-630 iquka iintlobo ezimbini kuqhume: phezulu edubulayo projectile sigade RP-84, yaye-tracer-OKANYE 84.

Le zokudubula of the US Navy

US Navy kwakhona eziphambili ezingalweni atshintshiwe. Imijukujelwa Luphawu zaziswa, zokudubula Undityhale ukuya kwisiqalo. Noko ke, kwiminyaka yakutshanje, America eqale ukuba anikele ingqalelo amancinci-ukuvuleka zokudubula, apho kwaphumelela kakhulu nxamnye moya esezantsi eziphaphazelayo imijukujelwa.

Kuqwalaselwe ihlawulwa ikakhulu umpu oluzenzekelayo entabeni 20-35 mm kunye 100-127 mm. Zamob gun oluzenzekelayo kuthatha indawo ofaneleyo kwi kwezikhali wenqanawa.

Ukuvuleka avareji yenzelwe ukuba litshitshiswe zonke iinjongo, ngaphandle kwamanzi. Ezakheke Lokulinganisa wabulawa evela zesinyithi ukukhanya fiberglass lwesamente.

uphuhliso kwakhona kuqhume esebenzayo-yovukelo ukuba 127- no 203-mm linyuka umpu.

Okwangoku, ufakelo bhetyebhetye Mk45 127-igeyiji luthathwa ukuhlela okufana iinqanawa US.

Ukususela izixhobo ezincinane bodidi nokuphawula sextuple "Vulcan-yokuhlasela".

anika umdla

Ngo-1983 kwi-USSR kwakukho iprojekthi umpu ngaphambili aselwandle elijongeka mfumba umkhumbi 19-20 iinkulungwane sangqa 406 mm, kodwa umahluko nje kukuba kuba andizele ... bade elawulwa okanye projectile eqhelekileyo, kukho enomjukujelwa cruise okanye ophetheyo kubunzulu nuclear nokuvalwa . Izinga izixhobo ezinjalo jikelele ixhomekeka kuhlobo shot. Umzekelo, kuba imijukujelwa guided rounds-10 ngomzuzu, kwaye ukuba iqokobhe eziqhelekileyo - 15-20.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba "isilo" ezinjalo ngokulula kufakelwe nokuba kwiinqanawa ezincinane (2-3 thous. Iitoni ukufuduka). Nangona kunjalo, i Navy umyalelo wayengazi yale ukuvuleka, ngoko ke projekthi ukuba ube nokufezekiswa.

Iimfuno Modern for zokudubula yomkhosi

Ngokutsho intloko Yovavanyo Site 19 iimfuno Alexander Tozik yanamhlanje for imipu esi sikhephe ngokuyinxenye zihlala enye - ukuba ukuthembeka kunye nokuchaneka obethe ngawo.

Ukongeza, imipu aselwandle mihla kufuneka ukukhanya ngokwaneleyo ukuze bakwazi ukufaka kubo iinqanawa ukukhanya. Kananjalo kufuneka ukuba enze sisixhobo ngokungangqalanga utshaba radar. Kulindeleke isizukulwana esitsha emthethweni, ukuba ephezulu otshabalalisayo owodwa kwaye nokwanda badubula uluhlu.