"ZIL" zezityalo. Likhachev Plant (ZIL) - idilesi

iifektri ngezimoto - inxalenye ebalulekileyo imo nokwanela naliphi na ilizwe okanye enkulu ngaphantsi. Kakade ke, kweli lizwe lethu kukho amashishini ezininzi ezifanayo, enye yazo yi-mveliso ZIL. Ibali imbonakalo yakhe kunye nenkcazelo imeko yangoku eziqulathwe kule nto.

Njani ukuba kwaqala

Ngowe-1915, ekugqibeleni kwacaca ukuba backwardness lobuchwepheshe yoBukhosi baseRashiya, kuba kubiza kakhulu kwi ngaphambili. Enye ilahleko omkhulu ibangela kwi lokuSetyenziswa kwaMandla oLuntu kunye nobuchwepheshe ngaphambili sasikukuba elula ukuba umgca esemqoka zange abe nexesha kuyinyusa ekonookrwece iimbumbulu. Kwakungekho iilori, kwaye ibambelele yezilwanyana kakuhle ngokwaneleyo.

Yiyo loo nto ngowe-1916 kwintsimi Tyufelevoy Ashera wabeka isityalo yokuqala yokwakha Amo. ukwakhiwa kwayo kwakugcwele nobunzima kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba ilizwe nje akazange abe umatshini eyodwa ukuveliswa kwiindawo eziyimfuneko. oomatshini Sami eRussia nabo ukuvelisa akukho ndlela, ngoko ke bonke kufuneka odolwe eUnited States.

Emva Red October

Ngowe-1918, emva kokuba Oktobha Revolution, abasebenzi kwafuneka ukufumana iindlela ukuvelisa iinxalenye spare njengoko unikezelo evela phesheya alusekho. Eyokuqala ngoNovemba 1924 kwenziwa kuqala ilori yiSoviet Amo, awayakhayo ngokupheleleyo ezivela kumacandelo zasekhaya. Lo mhla ithathwa ukuba imini ekuqaleni ishishini mihla jikelele Russian.

Ngowe-1927, isithuba soMlawuli ivume IA Likhachev. Weza kwisithuba ingxaki eqatha, xa ilizwe kwakungekho nabasebenzi abanezakhono okanye ukukwazi ukuvelisa nendlela inani elaneleyo ngentsimbi ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Production kwiimeko ezinjalo kuyo imali eninzi ukuze iilori sihlangulwe eUnited States, exabisa-30% (!) Lixabiso!

Ukumelana nalo, kukho nokwakhiwa omkhulu kwisityalo lwaqhutywa ngo-1931. Nje indlela enkulu umda olufanayo lomsebenzi, kungqinwa ibinzana kwi Likhachev: "Enyanisweni, sikhe ingubo lwamaqhosha ...". Nangona eso sityalo wababiza ZIL ZIS. Kude 1939 inkampani yakwazi ukukhulula iilori 40 amawaka kuphela amo, ndingasathethi malunga nenani elilinganayo iimoto yaseMelika, ekuveliseni ngexesha le mvume. Khumbula ukuba ukususela 1917 ukuya 1920 engekaphumi isango ngaphantsi kwe amawaka amabini iimoto. Ngo-1939, i-mveliso uye wasebenza abantu 39747.

1941-45

Imfazwe iye tyuu lonke ilizwe kwaye iqela mveliso. Ekubeni inkampani likhuphe imveliso enkulu (hayi iilori nje kodwa ke imipu regimental, amaqokobhe, njalo-njalo), abasebenzi bayo phambi engabizwanga. Noko ke, abo babesebenza kwiimeko ezinzima ukuze abantu abatsha ukhetha ukufumana ngaphambili.

ubunzima elikhulu Waleke ngelithi ngowe-1941, isityalo kwafuneka bayakusiwa nakwezinye izixeko, kwiindawo. Ngowe-1942, ngenxa imeko enzima ngaphambili, kunye nokoyikiswa lungabanjwa ngamaNazi lemveliso wayalelwa ukutshatyalaliswa iyonke lweshishini. Yonga le mveliso ZIL counteroffensive kuphela ubusika kufuphi Moscow, ngenxa apho umyalelo yaye yatshitshiswa.

Kakade ke, kungekudala inkampani baba abasebenzi kakhulu ubudala, abasetyhini kunye nabantu abatsha. Half-ngendlala, kwiindibano eziqhaqhazelis, kwafuneka ukuba baqokelele imigangatho phambili-line. Baya bahlangabezana. izigadla kuphela ngaphezu kwe-100 lamawaka zakhutshelwa kule minyaka mine nombi kakhulu!

ngemva kwempi

Ngeli xesha, isityalo ZIL waqalisa ngokutsha afakele ngokutsha. Ehlabathini kwiminyaka efanayo, eSoviet Union waqalisa intsebenziswano kunye neTshayina. Ngokutsho iziphumo thethwano e China, yayakhiwe mveliso, eyasetyenziswa ekwakhiweni kwamaxwebhu eSoviet. Ngaphezu koko, eSoviet Union bacelwa iingcali zaseTshayina ngenxa yoqeqesho.

Lonke ixesha emva ukuya ekupheleni 80s, le mveliso ZIL eMoscow ukwandisa imithamo imveliso. Iingcali ze nkampani inxaxheba kuzo zonke iiprojekthi ezinkulu-isikali alo ilizwe: amayeza kunye nesithuba, yomkhosi Ushishino lweemoto - oko konke kwenziwa kuquka ngezandla zabo.

Grave 90

Isiqingatha sokuqala yomatshini kokwa 90 inamathele. Ngandlel wophula abaseleyo izivumelwano Soviet-xesha, kwaye ngokubanzi abarhwebi zenzeka nangoku ukuthenga iimoto. Ngowe-1994, ibhanti yokuthutha ndlela 'wokugqibela Mohicans, "ZIL-130. Kwakubonakala ukuba Zil (ZIL) ephila kwimihla yayo yokugqibela.

Ukususela ngowe-1995, izinto zimbi ngokwenene. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha iivenkile kungena lutshabalale, abasebenzi kudubula endle kuba bengenanto ukondla iintsapho zabo. Inxalenye yophula yimveliso odolo ezincinane, phantsi kwayo ngamanye amaxesha izibonelelo zemveliso eseleyo ukuya iibhetshi imveliso encinane. Ngo-2011, imeko seyide mbi ukuze ubukhulu ishiywe intsimi mveliso iye yenzeke ukuba kummandla zonke-Russian Exhibition Centre.

iminyaka 1996-2011

Ngowe-1996, abanini kwishishini disintegrating ngokukhawuleza intsimbi nguDmitry Zelenin kunye Alexander Efanov. I kufuneka bathi bona ngokwabo endingazanga ndibone anjalo kulo ndawo, kodwa akaba nako ukufumana udlule izabelo zezityalo, ngelo xesha iindleko ngokoqobo iipeni.

Into yokuqala bafumana inkqubo alarm eqhelekileyo, nezingerhwexu imingxuma elikhulu ezintangweni (nokuba ebe oomatshini), kwakunye waqalisa yokupasa entsha, njengoko inkqubo endala ixesha elide ngokwenene wasebenza. Ngenyanga yokuqala oko okuye kwanqanda ukubiwa malunga nezigidi zeerandi. Kwakubonakala ngathi izinto kakuhle, abathengi walilungisa ZIL. ngcembe Likhachev isityalo ezifunyenwe abathengi omtsha amazwe.

ukusilela entsha

Awu, Luzhkov wacinga ngenye indlela. Ngoko ukuqala njani izityalo unokumnceda waba Iqhekeza okunencasa kakhulu "ishishini zasekhaya" kunye Efanova Zelenin ngokukhawuleza kwanyanzeleka ukuba athengise kwisibonda elawulayo. Le nkampani waphinda waba impahla eMoscow, phambi kokufa automaker nakanjani akukho mfuneko.

Ngokusesikweni, imveliso izigidi Wagalela zeerandi, ixabiso lezabelo bakhula ... Kodwa zinto baya ebubini, abasebenzi kwakhona iinyanga zange afumane umvuzo. Ngoko izinto bahamba de 2010. Xa isityalo eso sele phantse bamshiya. Apho ngo-1939 wasebenza abantu phantse-40 amawaka ngo-7000 bayishiya "yobudala yedemokhrasi." Ngo-2010, babutha 1258 (!) Truck. Swa wema.

Oku konga isityalo kuphela ukuba imimandla emikhulu ifumaneka workshop apho ngokwenene imali imali, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iveza into ebambekayo. Le mali iya kude waseJapan.

2011

Lo nyaka ekhumbulekayo ngenxa yokuba Sobyanin efika. Waqhumisa akucaci nguwuphi na umlawuli-akhawunti, ukucekisile kunikezo kuthengisa isityalo, waphinda waqala kugalela imali kwi nkampani. oku kuya kuphumelela? Nangona nto iyaziwa. Noko ke, ngo-30 Agasti 2011 ekugqibeleni yasungulwa kwakhona inkqubo imveliso, yaqala iimoto ukwakha ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi izinzile. Omnye ukuba nethemba lokuba izityalo Likhachev kodwa ukoyisa ingxaki kuphela.

iindlela ezintsha

Njengoko namhlanje yi rearmament esebenzayo bomkhosi, ulawulo yenkampani kusi- amathemba ephakamileyo odolo urhulumente uya kubekwa phezu amagunya akhe. Njengoko imbali ngokuthe ukuvuselela iklasi abayili, oku ke ukuba banesizathu esivakalayo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, urhulumente uye ngokuphindaphindiweyo lowu ukumamkela ukuphanga lokugqibela inkampani kuyo nayiphi na imeko engenakwenzeka.

Ingakumbi, le nkampani ekugqibeleni ezivunyiweyo ngobume isixeko-wokusungula. Oku kuthetha ukuba uya kulifeza kungakhathaliseki ukuba izifundo ezinokwenzeka. Kwimeko enjalo namhlanje sisityalo ZIL. idilesi Inkampani - 115280, Moscow, ul. Avtozavodskaya, d.23.