Oluzenzekelayo Transmission - ukusebenzisa njani? nokutshintsha iindlela, nokulawula oluzenzekelayo

Namhlanje amaninzi omqhubi womqhubi, kunye nabaqhubi abanamava, bazikhethela imoto ngokuthumela ngokuzenzekelayo. Abaqalayo, njengomthetho, bahlala bekwesaba ngenxa yodingo olufanelekileyo lokutshintsha iimpahla xa beqhuba, kodwa abaqhubi abanolwazi bazama ukuzithobela ukuhamba kunye nemilinganiselo ehambayo emotweni enesithuthi esithintekayo. Kodwa xa umntu omtsha esithengela imoto yakhe, kaninzi akayazi indlela yokusebenzisa kakuhle "umatshini". Ngelishwa, oku akufundiswa kwizikolo zokuqhuba, kwaye emva koko, ukhuseleko lokuhamba kunye nobomi beendlela zebhobho yegesi kuxhomekeke kule nto. Makhe sibone indlela kubalulekile ngayo ukuxhaphaza inkqubo yokuhambisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukwenzela ukuba ungabi neengxaki kwixesha elizayo.

Iintlobo zokudluliselwa ngokuzenzekelayo

Ngaphambi kokuba usitshele indlela yokuqhuba ukutshintshela ngokuzenzekelayo, kufuneka uqwalasele iintlobo zamagqabantshi abakhiqizi basebenzise ukuxhobisa iimoto zanamhlanje. Kuhlobo oluya kulo okanye elinye ibhokisi, lixhomekeke kwindlela yokulusebenzisa.

Umguquli wombane

Oku mhlawumbi isisombululo esithandwa kakhulu kunye nesiclassic. Iimodeli ze-Hydrotransformer zigqityiwe zizonke iimoto ezikhoyo ngoku. Kwakungenalolu qulunqo kwaye yaqalisa ukuhambisa ngokuzenzekelayo ukuya kubantu.

Kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba i-converter ye-torque ngokwayo ayinxalenye ebalulekileyo yendlela yokutshintsha. Umsebenzi wayo yi-clutch kwibhokisi "othomathikhi", okokuthi umguquleli wefowuni udlulisela i-torque kwi-injini ukuya kumavili ngokuchukumisa umatshini.

Injini kunye neendlela "zomatshini ozenzekelayo" abanalo uxhulumano oluqinileyo kunye nomnye. Amandla okujikeleza adluliselwa ngeoli ekhethekileyo yokuhambisa - ihlala ijikeleza kwisangqa esivaliweyo phantsi kwengcinezelo ephezulu. Eli cwangciso livumela injini ngegesi eyenziwe ukuba isebenze kwimeko apho imoto imile.

Inkqubo ye- hydraulic, okanye kunokuba i-hydroblock, inoxanduva lokutshintsha, kodwa le yimeko ejwayelekile. Kwiimodeli zanamhlanje, iindlela zokusebenza zichongiwe nge-elektroniki. Ngoko, ibhokisi yebhodi ingasebenza kumgangatho oqhelekileyo, wezemidlalo okanye wezoqoqosho.

Inxalenye yecandelo lezo bhokisi inokuthenjwa kwaye iyakwazi ukulungiswa ngokupheleleyo. I-hydroblock yindawo ekhuselekileyo. Ukuba iiplavini zingasebenzi kakuhle, umqhubi uya kuba nemiphumo emibi. Kodwa xa kwenzeka ukuphazamiseka kwiivenkile kukho izingxenye zokungenisa ngokuzenzekelayo, nangona ukulungiswa ngokwawo kuya kuba kubi kakhulu.

Ngokubhekiselele kwimpawu zokuqhuba imoto, ezixhaswe ngabaguquleli bexesha, zixhomekeke kwisetyenziswe kwikhompyutheni - yintsingiselo yokuthunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nezinye iisenzi, kwaye ngenxa yolu luvo iqela lithunyelwa ukutshintsha ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Ngaphambili, iibhokisi ezinjalo zanikezwa kuphela ngamagare amane. Iimodeli zanamhlanje zinama-5, ama-6, ama-7 kunye nama-8. Ngokutsho kwabakhiqizi, inani eliphezulu leemigodi linceda ekuphuculeni iimpawu ezinamandla, ukunyanzelisa ukunyakaza nokutshintsha nokugcina amafutha.

Umlawuli wejubane ongaguqukiyo

Ngeempawu zangaphandle, esi sixazululo sobugcisa "kumatshini" wesintu asifani, kodwa umgaqo womsebenzi apha uhluke ngokupheleleyo. Akukho zitshintshi, kwaye inkqubo ayitshintshi. Izilinganiso zamagesi ziguquka ngokuqhubekayo kwaye ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka - oku akuxhomekeke ekubeni isantya siyancipha okanye injini iyahla. Ezi bhokisi zibonelela ngokugqithiseleyo komsebenzi - oku kuthuthuzela umqhubi.

Enye idibeneyo, apho i-PPCs yinto ethanda ngayo abaqhubi-isantya somsebenzi. Olu tshintsho aluyikuchitha ixesha kwinkqubo yokutshintsha - ukuba ufuna ukufumana isivinini, kuya kuthi kube ngokukhawuleza kube kwisibini esiphezulu sokunika imoto ngokukhawuleza.

Ibhokisi lokuzenzekelayo: indlela yokusebenzisa

Cinga ngeendlela zokusebenza kunye nemithetho yokusebenza ye-hydrotransfotor automata eqhelekileyo. Zifakwe kwiimoto ezininzi.

Iimodyuli eziphambili zokudluliselwa ngokuzenzekelayo

Ukuqulunqa imigaqo-siseko yokusebenza, kuyimfuneko ukuba uqale uqonde iindlela zokusebenza ezi zixhobo.

Kuzo zonke iimoto ezingenayo i-transfer transmission, ezi modes zilandelayo ziyimfuneko: "P", "R", "D", "N". Kwaye ukuze umqhubi angakhetha imodi efunwayo, ibhokisi ixhotywe nge-lever yokukhetha udidi. Ebonakalayo, iphantse ihluke kwi-gear ye-gear ibhokisi yebhokisi yencwadi. Ukwahlukana kukuba inkqubo yokutshintshwa kwendlela yokuhambisa isenziwa ngendlela echanekileyo.

Iimodeli ziboniswa kwipaneli yokulawula - kuyinto elula kakhulu, ingakumbi kubaqhubi bamashishini. Ngethuba le ntshukumo, akukho mfuneko yokuphazamisa kwindlela kwaye unciphise intloko yakho ukuba ubone ukuba yintoni imoto eqhubayo.

Ibhokisi elenzekelayo le "P" lendlela yokupaka. Kule ndlela, zonke izakhi zeemoto ziya kukhutshwa. Kufuneka ihanjiswe kuphela ngexesha elide okanye ukupaka. Kwakhona, imoto iqaliswe kule meko.

"R" - gear yangemuva. Xa le ndlela ikhethiweyo, umatshini uya kubuyela emva. Kunconywa ukuba utshintshwe kwijelo eliphambili emva kokuba umatshini selekile; Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhumbula: umva osebenzayo kuphela xa i-brake ixinezeleke ngokupheleleyo. Naliphina enye i-algorithm yezenzo zingabangela ingozi enkulu ekuhanjisweni kunye nemoto. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba wazi bonke abo banokutshintshwa ngokuzenzekelayo. Indlela yokuyisebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo, iingcali kunye nabaqhubi abanamava abacebisa. Qaphela ngokucophelela ezi ngcebiso, ziya kunceda kakhulu.

"N" ayithathi hlangothi, okanye ukutshatyalaliswa kwezandla. Kule ndawo, i-motor ayisekho idlulisela isibonakaliso kwi-chassis kwaye isebenza kwimodi engekho. Kunconywa ukusebenzisa le gear kuphela ukuyeka kwexesha elifutshane. Kwakhona, musa ukuguqula ibhokisi ngokungathathi hlangothi xa uqhuba. Abanye abaqeqeshi bacebisa ukuba badonse imoto kule ndlela. Xa ukuhanjiswa kwe-othomathikhi kungathathi hlangothi, injini ayivunyelwe ukuqala.

Iimodeli zokusasaza ngokuzenzekelayo

"D" - indlela yokunyuswa. Xa ibhokisi likule ndawo, imoto iya phambili. Kule meko, iigesi zitshintsha xa umqhubi ecinezela i-pedelerator pedal.

Imoto ingaba ne-4, 5, 6, 7 okanye i-8 yokudluliselwa. Uluhlu olukhethiweyo khetha i-lever kwiimoto ezinokuthi zibe neenketho ezininzi zokuqhubela phambili-ezi "D3", "D2", "D1". Iimpawu zingaphinde zibe ngaphandle kweleta. La manani abonisa i-gear ephezulu.

Kwimodi ye "D3", umqhubi angasebenzisa iimpahla zokuqala ezintathu. Kulezi zikhundla kusebenza ngokugqithiseleyo ukugqithisa kune "D" eqhelekileyo. Le ndlela ikhuthazwa ukuba isebenzise xa ungeke uhambe ngaphandle kokuqhawula. Kwakhona, olu tshintsho lusebenza kakuhle kunye neentsika eziqhelekileyo okanye ezenyukayo.

"I-D2", ngokufanelekileyo, kuphela kuphela okuqala ukuthunyelwa. Kule ndawo, ibhokisi ihanjiswa ngokukhawuleza ukuya kwi-50 km / h. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le meko isetyenziselwa kwiimeko ezinzima - ingaba ngumgwaqo wehlathi okanye inyoka yezintaba. Kule ndawo, kungenzeka ukuba ukuqhuma kweemoto kusetyenziswe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kwakhona, ukudlulisela ibhokisi kwi "D2" oyifunayo kwiimoto zokuhamba.

"D1" ngowokuqala ukudluliselwa. Kule ndawo, ukuthunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo kusetyenziswa ukuba isithuthi sinzima ukukhawuleza ngaphezu kwe-25 km / h. Iingcebiso ezibalulekileyo kulabo abanokudluliselwa ngokuzenzekelayo (indlela yokusebenzisa zonke izixhobo zalo): musa ukuvula le mode kwizinga eliphezulu, kungenjalo kuya kuba ne-skid.

"I-0D" yinqaku ephakamileyo. Esi sikhundla esiphezulu. Kufuneka kusetyenziswe ukuba imoto sele ifumene isivinini ukusuka kwi-75 ukuya kwi-110 km / h. Kunconywa ukuba uphume ukusasaza xa isantya senyukela kuma-70 km / h. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba unciphise kakhulu ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi ezindleleni.

Faka zonke ezi modes zibe nazo naziphi na izicwangciso ngexesha lokuhamba kwemoto. Ngoku ungakhangela kuphela i-speedometer, kwaye i-tachometer ayisadingeki.

Iimodesi ezongezelelweyo

Kwimibhobho yamagcisa amaninzi, iindlela zokuncedisa nazo ziphunyezwa. Le yindlela eqhelekileyo, i-sporty, i-overdrive, ibusika kunye nezoqoqosho.

Imo eqhelekileyo isetyenziswa phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Uqoqosho lukuvumela ukuba ufeze uhambo olushelelekileyo noluthulekileyo. Kwimodi yezemidlalo, i-electronics isebenzisa injini ukuya phezulu - umqhubi ufumana yonke imoto inokuyenza, kodwa uqoqosho luya kulibala. Imodi yasebusika yenzelwe ukusebenza kwimimiselo yendawo edibeneyo. Imoto ayihambeli kwinqanaba lokuqala, kodwa ukususela kwisibini okanye kwimizi yesithathu.

Ezi zicwangciso zivame ukusebenza ngokusetyenziswa kwamacinco ngamagama okanye ukutshintsha. Kufuneka kuthiwa, nangona zonke iingenelo zabaqhubi ukuba ibhokisi elizenzekelayo linike, abaqhubi bafuna ukuqhuba imoto. Akukho nto ingcono kunokuba ungatshintshisa isantya kwimoto yakho. Ukuyicombulula le ngxaki, iinjineli ze-Porsche zinkxalabo zenze indlela yokusebenza ngokuthe ngqo kwi-"Tiptronic". Oku kulandelwa ngesandla esenziwe ngebhokisi. Ikuvumela ukuba ukwandise ngesandla okanye unciphise ukusasazwa njengoko kuyimfuneko .

Ibhokisi lebhokisi elizenzekelayo: indlela yokuqhuba

Kwinkqubo yokuqalisa imoto ukusuka kwindawo leyo, kunye nokutshintsha ulawulo lwenkqubela, indlela yokusebenza yebhokisi iya kutshintshwa xa i-brake ixinezelekile. Xa ushintshela ulwalathiso lwendlela yokuhamba, musa ukumisa okwesikhashana ibhokisi ngokungathathi hlangothi.

Ukususwa kweenyawo kwi-brake kunconywa kuphela emva kokuba umqhubi evezwe isicatshulwa esichaphazelekayo-oku kubonisa ukuba iigesi zisebenza ngokugcwele.

Ukuba ufuna ukuyeka kwizithuthi zendlela, kwaye nakwiimeko zokuqhuma kweendlela, musa ukumisa umkhethi ukuba angathathi hlangothi. Kwakhona musa ukulucebisa ngeentsika. Ukuba imoto igxotha, ke ungacinezeli kanzima kwi-gas - inobungozi. Kungcono ukuvula ii-gear eziphantsi kwaye usebenzise i-pedake pedal ukuvumela iivili zijikeleze ngokukhawuleza.

Zonke ezinye iziqhelo zomsebenzi kunye nokuthutha ngokuzenzekelayo kunokuqondwa kuphela ngamava okuqhuba.

Imigaqo yokusebenza

Into yokuqala yokuyenza kukuba ucinezele i-pedake pedal. Emva koko umkhethi ufakwa kwimodi yokunyakaza. Emva koko, khululwa i- freake yokupaka . I-pedake pedal kufuneka iyancitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo - imoto iya kuqala ukuhamba. Zonke ukutshintshwa nokuphathwa kwe-othomathikhi yokuzenzekelayo zenziwa ngokuqhekeka ngonyawo onyawo.

Ukunciphisa isivinini, kukulungele ukukhupha i-gas pedal - zonke izithuthi ziya kutshintshwa ngokuzenzekelayo.

Umgaqo ophezulu kukuba akukho zixhobo ezibukhali zesantya, ukuqhuma ngokukhawuleza, nasiphi na ukunyakaza okungazelelwe. Oku kukhokelela ekugqibeleni kwiidiski zokuxhatshazwa kunye nokwanda kwimiba phakathi kwabo. Oku kunokukhokelela ekutshitshiseni okungathandekiyo xa ukutshintshela ngokuzenzekelayo kushintshiwe.

Ezinye iingcali zicebisa ukunika ibhokisi ukuphumla. Umzekelo, xa ukupakisha, unokuvumela ukuba imoto igqitywe ngaphandle, ngaphandle kwegesi. Kuphela emva kolu ungacinezela kwi-accelerator.

Ukujonga okuzenzekelayo: oko akunakwenziwa

Kuvinjelwe ngokungqongqo ukunika umthwalo kumatshini angatshitshisiyo. Nangona kukho ukufudumala kwemoya yomoya ophezulu, iikhilomitha zokuqala ziyanqotshwa ngokugqithiseleyo ngexabiso eliphantsi - ukukhawuleza okukhawulezayo kunye nokugubha kunobungozi kwibhokisi. Umqhubi we-novice makaze akhumbule ukuba ukuze ufudumeze ukufudumala ngokuzenzekelayo, kuthatha ixesha elingaphezulu kunokufudumala inyunithi yamandla.

Ibhokisi elizenzekelayo aliklanyelwe ukusetyenziswa kwendlela kunye nokusetyenziswa kakhulu. Iibhokisi zeegrigi ezininzi zamanqaku ezixhobo zemihla ngemihla zithandwayo zingathandi ukuhamba kweevili. Indlela engcono kakhulu yokuqhubelela kulo mzekelo kukuba ungabandakanyi ukujika okubukhali kwiindlela ezimbi. Ukuba imoto inamathele, ncedisa ifosholo - ungayithwali kakhulu ukuhambisa.

Kwakhona, iingcali azicebisi ukuba zilayishe ngokugqithiseleyo ukuhanjiswa kwe-othomathikhi ngokukodwa kwemithwalo ephakamileyo - iindlela zokugqithisa kwaye, ngenxa yoko, zinamandla kwaye zithwala ngokukhawuleza. Abahamba ngeendlela zokuhamba kunye nezinye iimoto ukufa kwangaphambili kumshini womshini.

Ukongezelela, musa ukuqala iimoto ezixhotyiswe ngokuzenzekelayo ukusuka kwi-pusher. Nangona abaninzi abahamba ngemoto bephula umthetho, umntu makakhumbule apha ukuba le nto ayiyi kudlula ngaphandle komkhondo wendlela.

Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ukukhumbula ezinye iinkalo ekutshintsheni. Kwimeko yokungathathi hlangothi, unako ukuhlala, kodwa ukuba ubamba i-pedake pedal. Kwimeko yokungathathi hlangothi ayinqatshelwe ukufakela i-unit unit - oku kungenziwa kuphela kwindawo "yokupaka". Akuvumelekile ukuhambisa umkhethi ukuba "Ukupaka" okanye kwindawo "R" xa uqhuba.

Izifo ezingasebenzi

Phakathi kweengcali zokukhubazeka eziqhelekileyo zikwahlukanisa ukuphazamiseka kwe-wreckage, ukuvuza kweoli, iingxaki nge-electronics kunye neyunithi ye-hydraulic unit. Maxa wambi i-tachometer ayisebenzi. Kwakhona ngamanye amaxesha kukho iingxaki nge-torque converter, injini yesantya sejinjini ayisebenzi.

Ukuba, xa usebenzisa ibhokisi, kukho ubunzima xa ushukumisa lever, ezi ziimpawu zeengxaki kunye nomkhethi. Ukuze isisombululo sifaneleke ukuba sitshintshe inxalenye - iindawo ezizimeleyo zohanjiso oluzenzekelayo zintengiso zeemoto.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuphazamiseka okuninzi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuvuza kweoli ukusuka kwinkqubo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iibhokisi ezizenzekelayo zihamba zivela phantsi kweempawu. Kufuneka kubekho ukuhlola iiyunithi kwi-flyover okanye kwindawo yokuhlola. Ukuba kukho ukuvuza, lo ngumqondiso wokuthi ukulungiswa ngokukhawuleza kweyunithi kuyimfuneko. Ukuba wenza yonke into ngexesha, ingxaki ixazululwa ngokubeka ioli kunye nemiqondiso.

Kwezinye iimoto, le meko ivela ukuba i-tachometer ayisebenzi. Ukuba i-speedometer iyayeka, ukuhanjiswa ngokuzenzekelayo kungena kwimodi yokusebenza ngokukhawuleza. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi ngxaki zixazululwa kakhulu, ngokulula. Ingxaki yintetho ekhethekileyo. Ukuba uyitshintsha okanye uhlambulule oonxibelelwano bayo, ngoko yonke into ibuyela kwindawo yayo. Ukuhlolisisa i-gauge yokujika i-АКПП iyimfuneko. Itholakala emzimbeni webhokisi.

Kwakhona abaqhubi bajongene nomsebenzi ongafanelekanga wokuthunyelwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngenxa yeengxaki kwi-electronics. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iyunithi yokulawula ifundeka ngokungafanelekileyo iinguqulelo zokuguqula. Iphutha lingaba yintsimbi yesantya sejinjini. Ukulungiswa kweyunithi ngokwayo ayikho nto, kodwa ukutshintshwa kweso senzwa kunye neetreni kuya kunceda.

Ngokuqhelekileyo i-hydroblock iphuma ngaphandle kwesenzo. Umzekelo, oku kuya kwenzeka ukuba umqhubi asebenze ngokungafanelekileyo ukusasazwa. Ukuba imoto ayifudumele ebusika, i-hydroblock iyingozi kakhulu. Iingxaki ngeyunithi ye-hydraulic zihlala zihamba kunye neentshukumo ezihlukahlukeneyo, abanye abasebenzisi baxilonga amajolts xa batshintsha ukutshintshwa kwe-othomathikhi. Kwiimoto zanamhlanje malunga nokuphahlazeka kuya kunceda ukufumana ikhompyutha yebhodi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwe-othomathikhi ye-othomathikhi ebusika

Uninzi lweziphene zokutshintshela ngokuzenzekelayo zenzeke ebusika. Oku kubangelwa yimpembelelo engafanelekileyo yokushisa okuphantsi kwezixhobo kunye nenyaniso yokuba kwiqhwa xa ivili liqalisiwe ukuqhubela phambili, oku akukuchaphazeli uluntu ngendlela engcono.

Ngaphambi kokuqala kwimozulu ebanda, i-car passion entereshini kufuneka ihlolisise imeko yokuhambisa umbane. Ukuba amabala e-metal shavings abonakala kuyo, ukuba i-liquid ishicile ibe yinto efufayo, ngoko kufuneka ithathe indawo. Ngokubhekiselele kwimimiselo eqhelekileyo yokutshintshwa kweoli kunye nezihlungi, kuyacetyiswa ukuba wenze njalo i-30,000 km yesithuthi esisebenza kwilizwe lethu.

Ukuba umatshini unamathele, ungasebenzisi i "D" imodi. Kule meko, ukutshintshela kwinqwelo eliphantsi kuya kunceda. Ukuba akukho nciphisa, imoto iya kutsalwa phambili kwaye ibuyele emuva. Kodwa ungasebenzisi kakubi le nto kakhulu.

Ukuze ugweme ukukhwabanisa xa unciphisa imigodi kwindlela ehambayo, kwiimoto zokuhamba ngevili ezifunekayo ukugcina i-pedelerator pedal, kwi-drive-back drive-ngokuchaseneyo, ukukhulula i-pedal. Ngaphambi kokuguqula kungcono ukusebenzisa iigesi eziphantsi.

Kuko konke oko ukuba uthi yi usulelo oluzenzekelayo, ukuba usebenzisa njani kwaye yintoni imithetho kufuneka ilandelwe. Ngophanya nje lweliso, kusenokubonakala ngathi le yindlela fastidious ezingenandlela resources yokusebenza encinane. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuxhomekeke kuyo yonke le migaqo, le yunithi iza kuphila yonke yobomi emotweni kwaye uya kumkholisa umniniyo. Zenzekelayo gear povzolyayut ukutshonisa ngokwabo kwinkqubo lokuqhuba, ayicingi kukhethwa ukosuleleka echanekileyo - oku sele wanyamekela computer yakho. Ukuba ixesha lokukhonza ukosuleleka kwaye ukulayisha phezu amandla ayo, iya kuzisa kuphela iimvakalelo eyakhayo inkqubo usebenzisa imoto kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.