Ukukhusela iidiliya izinambuzane nezifo. Beediliya Processing spring

Namhlanje, ugqaliselo ingqalelo yethu - ukukhusela iidiliya izinambuzane nezifo. Enyanisweni, oku kubaluleke kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba uninzi abalimi senze into yokuba babe kwisiza lukhula ngumdiliya omkhulu, nto leyo ethatha ixesha elikhulu indawo, ixesha kunye namandla, yaye ngenxa yoko ke musa ukusuka lokuvuna kuyo efanelekileyo. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva wonke unyuka kunye ingcamango ukuphosa isityalo luyalambatha sithenge berry kwi emarikeni. Noko ke, yonke into ithemba kunjalo, kufuneka nje ukuqonda yintoni na endithintelayo ukukhula kunye nophuhliso nemidiliya. Kwakhona kuluncedo kuba ukubona indlela ukhuseleko mihla iidiliya izinambuzane nezifo. Kuphela nendawo enjalo ulwazi, unako ukuba ungafumana result endilisekileyo.

Ukulondolozwa izidiliya; Spring ukuthenwa

Iqala ngexesha ndixakekile ... ufuna ukutyala imidiliya abaselula emyezweni, okanye ukwandisa nizibophe sele ebusika. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe iimeko zokuphila onesidima ukukhula kunye nophuhliso iidiliya, kufuneka ufake ucingo, apho siya babopha isabhokhwe kwaye ibubulumko ukukhangela amahlumelo abaselula. Ukuze ukhule namandla kunye ityholo esempilweni kufuneka kusala 1-2 ebamba elinamandla. Bonke abanye kufuneka uyeke phandle. Namagatya kufuneka nokuba maliqhagamshelanise kwindawo tye, etsala kancinane ukuphucula ukukhula kwabo. Ukuba umdiliya wakhula womelele kwaye usempilweni, kufuneka ngalo lonke ixesha ukususa stepsons, kungenjalo uya kuba okuninzi ngobunono kwaye isiqhamo kancinane. Oku ngakumbi binary lokwenene izithathu olukhulayo sinus enye. Injongo: kuwa kwityholo oselula kufuneka ibe ukubaleka ezintathu okanye ezine enamandla, kunokuba inqwaba enkulu azikhuli kalujaca. Ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuba siqhawule lonke anabayo (umdiliya nangoku Ngaba ungayibopha), yaye etyholweni abangaphantsi kweminyaka engama emithathu, nayo wasusa zonke isizalo. Akukho mfuneko alwele ukulondoloza kuvunwe; de isihlahla umsebenzi enye - ukuba bakhule lilikhulu kwaye lomelele. Zizo ezi iziseko unonophelo ukuba imidiliya, kodwa ukongezelela, kufuneka wazi njani iidiliya ukukhuselwa izinambuzane nezifo. Ukukhethwa iziyobisi segodya unyango yemichiza kakhulu.

ulwazi olusisiseko

Iidiliya abawuthandanga kuphela ngabantu. A Inani enkulu nomngundo, micro-eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo yaye kwizinambuzane regale inxalenye eluhlaza okanye iziqhamo zimnandi. Kungenxa yoko le nto kubaluleke kangaka ukukhusela iidiliya izinambuzane nezifo. Ezi "ntshaba" kakhulu ezibalulekileyo ngokuba isifo ezinzwaneni nga oko kungakhokelela kwilahleko iyonke yesityalo, kwiimeko ezininzi kakhulu afe ngokwakhe etyholweni. Kuyimfuneko ke ngoko ukuba enze unyango rhoqo. Iidiliya emthonjeni kalula ukuhlasela Cya ezahlukeneyo, kwaye kanye ngeli xesha wabeka iimbewu uluhlu elizayo.

Namhlanje kakade, ezintsha iintlobo beediliya ukuba ukumelana nezifo ezinzwaneni. Le khubalo, Arcadia, Codreanca. Noko ke, kwiminyaka ethile kuye kwanda umsebenzi iintsholongwane kunye Cya, yaye ngoko, ezi ngxilimbela baye bachatshazelwa ngempumelelo ngabo, nokuba kangangoko engaphantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo isiphumo ilahleko kwenxenye yokuvuna kunye nelahleko okuncinane namatyholo. Kungenxa yoko le nto iidiliya entwasahlobo kufuneka siphathwe iziyobisi ezikhethekileyo, ithintela uphuhliso iintsholongwane eziyingozi.

Isifo kakhulu yingozi ezinzwaneni

Okokuqala xa squeaking livela liqhenqa. Isifo fungal iintlobo beediliya yaseYurophu kakhulu yingozi ezingalungile. Ekubulaleni Kulula kakhulu ukuba baqaphele: ijwabu igqabi kucaciswa, zivela tyheli, amabala phantse ngaphaya. Ukuba imozulu eyomileyo eshushu le uphuhliso sifo ime, ngoko ke imozulu ofumileyo nefudumeleyo kwicala elingaphantsi wetshati kubonakala Lutho. Ngexesha elifutshane isityalo lonke abachaphazelekayo, kubandakanywa zeepali, yokudubula, nasentshonalanga kunye amaqunube abaselula. neentyantyambo engenwe utshintshe umbala, zijika zibe mdaka, ishallow ndiwatshise amadike. amaqunube abachaphazelekayo ekuqaleni ajike aluhlaza, ngoko zijika zibe mdaka, ziyabuna ndiwatshise amadike. Iidiliya entwasahlobo kusingathwa kuqala ukuze kuphetshwe le sifo. Yiya phambili.

Isifo yesibini eyingozi ibizwa ngokuba liqhenqa angumgubo. Akukho iintlobo ezibalulekileyo kunye hybrids basengozini izigulo kunye nezityalo nesiqu. Kulo mzekelo, imiqondiso yakhe ngokufunda nje. Abachatshazelwa izityalo ngundo zikhule kakuhle, singami ndawonye. Emva koko waqalisa ukubonisa yokutshintsha lamina: ibizwa ukushwabana, wayifulela iindawo, entlahleni nombala-emhlophe. Around Juni zophuhliso sifo ifikelela incopho yayo: amagqabi kubuna, amasebe zambethe namabala amnyama. Amaqhina awo ezichaphazelekayo kufa, amaqunube ziyabuna ndiwatshise amadike. Ukuba komdiliya isigulane amagqabi phantsi ebusika, oko idla ngamandla ngumkhenkce, yaye kunyaka olandelayo akanakugxothwa ithupha phezu kwawo. Ukuze siphephe ezinjalo iimbandezelo, imveliso yomdiliya kufuneka yenziwe entlakohlaza ekuqaleni.

Enye isifo rhoqo - iidiliya anthracnose. Ichaphazela yonke ityholo amagqabi, iziqu, Mthovu kunye bamanqatha. Babonakala amabala amnyama mdaka, yaye kamva kwezi ndawo inyama uyafa waza wafefa. ukwabiwa Strong, kwakunye noqhambuko sifo kwenzeka lemvula, imozulu imanzi.

Amaxesha amaninzi phezu kwamatyholo uyakwazi ukubona kweempawu zesi sifo ezifana ngumngundo hina. iidiliya yokwenza ukunceda ukukhusela izidiliya kulo mkhuba. kunqabile kakhulu kwimozulu eyomileyo eshushu, kodwa xa imvula iwela iqala ukusasaza ngexabiso kumnandi. Ichaphazela zonke iindawo eluhlaza kwisityalo, kodwa umonakalo inkulu usibumba hina ibangela isivuno. Amaqhina ezichaphazelekayo zijika zibe mdaka afe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, amaqunube eluhlaza yonke ukusuka ngundo awehlelwa. Noko ke, amaqela, ndabethwa isichotho okanye zonakaliswe zizinambuzane singangena neziphumo zayo. Kodwa njengoko abaqolileyo thelo sishintshe ngobuninzi baqale ukosulela iintsholongwane, ngoko ke isivuno kunqabile ukuba uphumelele. ngumngundo Grey - ngundo yasasazwa, Noko kokuphatha emthonjeni kuphela kwendlela ukukhusela izidiliya ukususela ekusulelekeni wathi. Ngendlela efanayo iziphatha njenge ezibolileyo abamnyama nabamhlophe.

izilonda esosulelayo

Kaninzi kunokubonwa emyezweni sisifo yande kwaye kuyingozi kakhulu eyaziwa ngokuba amatyholo esosulelayo abunayo ebangelwa liqela zomngundo olwaye lwamfimfitha. Izityalo mabahlale ukukhula kunye nophuhliso, kwaye kamva nokukhulula amagqabi. Kwiimeko ezininzi xa ubushushu kokugquma kwandisa sifo uqala inkqubela-kabini amandla. Eziwudibanisayo ekulahlekelweni iyonke etyholweni.

ziinkumbi bacteria - esinye isifo esiyingozi ebangela ukuyilwa maqhuqhuva kwi umzimba umdiliya. Ngokuthe ngcembe kukho ukutshatyalaliswa esiqwini, ngoko, otvalivayas yezityalo, imbewu yokwakha-up ixesha elide kuhlala iphila emhlabeni. Iindlela lomzabalazo akukho kufuneka nincothule isityalo.

fungicides

Ukuze silwe amalungiselelo zobhedu aqulethe nexoshomba esetyenzisiweyo, ezifana Bordeaux umxube kunye fungicide zenkqubo yemfundo izityalo. Oku kube "Ridomil Gold", "carbo Top" kunye nabanye abaninzi. Ukulwa angumgubo isibetho uquka iqela amanyathelo othintelo kunye nonyango izifo. Kufuneka uqale kunye amanyathelo othintelo, ezizezi kunye sokutshiza powder sulphur kwi owomileyo, imozulu moya. Kunqweneleka ukuba kusasa okanye ebusuku iiyure. Noko ke, namhlanje kukho njengezibulali olusebenzayo izityalo zinokudityaniswa kunye nezenzi ukukhusela izityalo nxamnye isibetho. Ezi iziyobisi ezifana "strobe", "Alto Super Topaz", "Vectra", "Ukhozi", "fundazol" kunye nabanye abaninzi. Kulo mzekelo, ixesha processing usenokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani umonakalo. bush zonakala ukuba baphathwe nje kokufika ithupha yokuqala, oko kukuthi, ngoko nangoko emva nesisitheliso. Ukuba izilonda abekho okanye babuthathaka, ungenza inkqubo ngokungqinelana kunye nesikimu siza kukunika kancinane.

Ukulwa anthracnose ngokusebenzisa entlakohlaza Bordeaux umxube. processing elandelayo kwenzeka kunye afefe ngenxalenye nangexoshomba, okt amachiza zobhedu aqulethe zongezwa njengezibulali. ngumngundo Grey - ingxaki iifama ezininzi yezityalo, kunye nokusebenza nayo usebenzisa njengezibulali ezifana "Ronilan", "Rovlan", "Euparen", "Topsin", "Sumileks". I eliphezulu ngokuvunywe lonyaka processing 4 isivuno. Ukuba imvula encinane, unako ukwenza olitshizayo ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Ukususela ukubola emhlophe kakhulu ukunceda kakuhle ukuba njengezibulali njenge "Captain", "Ftalon", "Zineb". Kubaluleke nangakumbi ukwenza inkqubo emva kokuba kudlule nesichotho aphule amaqunube. Against ukubola black umsebenzi obalaseleyo "Bayleton", "Baitau" yaye "Topaz".

fungicides zeNkqubo kunye zoqhagamshelwano

Namhlanje, imarike amelwe uluhlu olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo mali, khon 'ukuze wonke umntu akwazi ukufumana njengezibulali efanelekileyo. Izimvo iingcali eziphambili kweli candelo lezobuchwepheshe zolimo zibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwenza kube lula ukukhusela ngokupheleleyo imidiliya. Ezi arhente yemichiza ukuba atshabalalise okanye ukuthintela ukunwenwa kwezifo ezinzwaneni. Ukwahlula impiliso njengezibulali zokuzikhusela. Eyokuqala isetyenziselwa kuthintelo losuleleko, kwaye eyesibini - ukuba zokuyifihla uphuhliso sifo.

Onke amalungiselelo ukuba sivelise iidiliya zahlulwe qha zenkqubo. Eyokuqala bayakwazi ukungena kulo isityalo ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo yonke kwinyama zayo abathintela usulelo elangena. Oku kuthetha ezifana "Ridomil Gold", "Quadris", "Folpan" yaye "Mancozeb". Bona basithanda kakhulu nxamnye isibetho. Against umsebenzi oidium ngokugqibeleleyo "Vectra", "strobe", "Topaz" yaye "Ukhozi". fungicides zenkqubo kusetyenziswa ukunqanda nokunyanga, akukho mfuneko yokuba aphinde unyango izihlandlo eziliqela, ngenxa yokuba ixesha elifutshane ngexesha ichiza ingena isityalo iyaqhubeka ukusebenza ukusuka ngaphakathi ixesha elide. Kwanele ukusingatha umyezo phambi nasemva kweentyatyambo naphambi namaqunube ukuvuthwa - kwaye isifo iza kudlula iqela sakho emyezweni.

Nangona kunjalo, entwasahlobo wokhuseleko iidiliya amaninzi kwenziwa kuzo njengezibulali zoqhagamshelwano. Le Bordeaux umxube odumileyo, isalfure, "Tiovit Jet" kunye nabanye abaninzi. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa ukwakhiwa esemgangathweni amagqabi, kodwa emva kokuba unyango kwemvula kufuneka uphindaphindwe. ukutshiza Ukuphindaphindwa yenziwa ukuya izihlandlo ezili-10 ngexesha ngalinye. Ezi mali liya zisetyenziselwa ekuthinteleni izifo, kodwa ukuba sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi sele kucacile ukuba imfuneko engxamisekileyo ukwenza processing of njengezibulali lwenkqubo.

"ISyngenta": idiliya scheme yokhuseleko

Ukuze begadi musa ukuba - trial kunye imposiso - yeTshathi unyango, siya kuba ukhetho kubonakele ukuba unako zilandelwe ngokukhuselekileyo. Entwasahlobo, phambi amathupha ukudumba kufuneka ukukhusela inkcubeko evela amangolwane sizifihla emngxunyeni kunye ibala elimnyama. Ukukhetha enkulu babeya kuba "Nitrafen DNOC." Ayithandi babe 12%. Ngokukhawuleza iqala ukukhula ubunzima eluhlaza, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuphinda unyango. Ukuze ezi njongo, thatha Bordeaux umxube, apho idityaniswa "phosalone". Le nkqubo inceda ukukhusela nxamnye endaweni emnyama eutipoza kwaye manzi izinambuzane ezifana cutworms kunye Skosarev-nanundu. Xa kukho amagqabi 4-5, wenza omnye unyango, eli xesha ukuthatha njengezibulali ezinjalo ukukhusela iidiliya njenge "Hometsin" yaye "PolyChim". Kuba zokuzikhusela izinambuzane, ezahlukeneyo amagqabi-khetha 'trichlorfon "okanye" phosalone ".

Emva kweentyatyambo, ukuba nokwenzeka sisifo ezinzwaneni iyaqhubeka, ngoko ke kufuneka wenze engaphezulu inkqubela sulphur omnye oidium, "Euparenom" of botrytis, "Hometsinom" okanye "Polihomom" ukusuka nangexoshomba, ibala elimnyama. Kwakhona, musa ukuba kuhambe ukutshiza imidiliya nxamnye ukulungiselela amakhalane "Rogor". Towards imidiliya ekwindla kakuhle ajikelezayo isisombululo hexachlorane. Yeyona edumileyo, kodwa hayi kuphela. Kukho nezinye wesekethe iidiliya ukhuselo, ukusetyenziswa leyo eza kuvumela ukuba ukulibala ngengxaki efana nesifo yomdiliya.

Ilwenze ukuba izidiliya

Ingca esidiliyeni - it va na ingxaki inkulu, nangona kunjalo, ukuba indawo leyo inkulu, kufuneka usebenzise impumelelo yenzululwazi. Enye indlela ikhuselekileyo se kwemichiza "Isaqhwithi". Etshabalalisa ngokupheleleyo imfuneko lokwenza esusa. Enanikade indlela ikhuselekile yaye akuvunyelwanga ukusetyenziswa lwezityalo. Ngempumelelo, ngokuba naluphi na uluhlu kwamaqondo obushushu.

Biologicals, izinambuzane

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba izinambuzane asingabo fungi kuphela iintsholongwane - izinambuzane kwakhona igalelo umonakalo imidiliya. Ngokuba sithunywe ulondolozo epheleleyo ethetha ngetyholo, kufuneka ukwazi malunga inkampani njenge "ISyngenta", nto leyo uvelisa zinambuzane iphezulu umgangatho. Ngokukodwa, sinako ukwahlula iziyobisi "Prokleym" - likhusela nxamnye izinambuzane lepidopteran. Obunamandla nxamnye Imibungu cutworm, kungonakalisi nundu olumhlophe. Kwelinye ichiza ukuba umenzi yi "Vertimek". Yena kwakhona imvelaphi eziphilayo, kwaye esisebenza yimveliso magciwane zomhlaba.

Yintoni na iziyobisi umdla "Prokleym"? Yena lingena singene esiqwini sesityalo kumcimbi imizuzu, yaye kamva iyure kutshatyalaliswa phezu komhlaba. It ofihla zonke lepidoptera, kodwa uphucula iimpembelelo namanye amachiza ezijoliswe ekulweni intothoviyane kunye lungwort. wenza njani ukhuseleko iidiliya? Isiphumo ephambili - namathumbu, oko kukuthi, ezinqunquthayo lubamba iziqwenga zesityalo, i lweehagu stop iyure bafe phakathi kwiiyure ezimbalwa.

Kukho enye ingongoma ebalulekileyo. Ichiza ubuye kwi kwindawo. Iqanda, leyo wawa phezu indlela, mhlawumbi eyeka ngokupheleleyo okanye umbungu iyafa emva lodaka Shell. "Prokleym" - ichiza ezinokusetyenziswa kanye, kodwa unako ukunceda ukukhusela umdiliya ukususela kwizizukulwana ezithathu izinambuzane ngqo. Uyavuma, oku kungenxa omkhulu! Onke la mayeza iidiliya ezenzelwe lula kangangoko kwaye ngexesha elinye kufuna iindleko ubuncinane.

izinambuzane ezinamaphiko

Kukho olunye udidi izinambuzane, ngubani othanda ukuba adle amaqunube amnandi. Ngexesha ngamalunda ephalazwe ayo, ukuba zithontelane oonomeva, iinyosi kunye neentaka. Kulo mzekelo, eyona ngxaki inkulu ke ukhuselo iidiliya nxamnye noonomeva. Ihlobo lonke, ezi zinambuzane karhataka ngokuthembekileyo ukukhusela egadini izinambuzane, uziva imfuneko sesokutya protein. Noko ke, kufutshane ekuweni, baba izitshabalalisi ngokwenene, ngenxa yokuba bengakwazi emaxhobeni ezininzi amaqunube amanzi futhi buluma buhlungu ingayingxaki yokwenene abo efanelekileyo ukuba kuvunwe.

Ngeli xesha, sele kakhulu ingafuneki ukusebenzisa imichiza, kuba amaqunube zikulungele ukusetyenziswa, kwaye zonke iikhemikhali ungahlala kwi yintlama zimnandi. Enyanisweni, lo yomdiliya awusifanelanga ukutyiwa ngabantu. ukususwa Mechanical le akusoze uncedeke ukuba kukho ubomi lithanga enkulu izinambuzane. Ngoko ke, abalimi kufuneka ukuba zizakhele imigibe ezahlukeneyo, sebenzisa iziqhushumbisi umsi kunye nezinye izixhobo. Oku yindlela ukhuselo somdiliya, kuthabathela kweli noonomeva. Kulo mzekelo, kungcono ukufumana slot kwaye ebusuku xa ngaphakathi, ukutshiza izinambuzane efanelekileyo. esidulini ongenanto kufuneka zisuswe kwaye kutshatyalaliswa.

Ukuba awukwazi ukufumana indawo yemvelo oonomeva, zama ubuncinane ukuseta emgibeni. Kuba oku iibhotile zeplastiki kufanelekile, iindonga apho ukunyhibhela ijam okanye ubusi, kunye ezantsi ugalele isisombululo isepha, apho izinambuzane neenkani liya kutshona. Ukuba unayo i-jam endala, ungenza bawagalele ebhotileni, entle ingxengelelwe ngamanzi. Exabileyo isisombululo incangathi, oonomeva uya kufa. Enye indlela esetyenziswa ngempumelelo begadi - na iigridi zokuzikhusela, awawabeka phezu qela. Le ndlela inye iza kukhusela isityalo evela iintaka.

Ukukhusela iidiliya zokulungisa esizwe

Unyango lwe iidiliya kwaye kwenziwa uncedo iindlela ezithandwayo, ezizezi decoctions zezityalo ezahlukeneyo. Kuyiyo indlela ekhuselekileyo noko ukuba, ngokungafaniyo namachiza yemichiza enokuphenduleka ngexesha elinye ingasetyenziswa naliphi na ixesha lonyaka, nokuba iqondo berry esivuthiweyo. Iyeza kakhulu zifikeleleke yi nga riki udiliza. Isetyenziswa umhluzi: emele isiqingatha ese exolweni sifunxe amanzi upheke malunga nemizuzu engama-20 Emva koko, okuseleyo kuwo ukuma ngosuku. Lo mxube ngoko wenza ukuya umthamo yayilibhakethe mnye, wongezelela enye icephe ubusi, filter kunye izidiliya spray. Ngendlela efanayo usebenzisa celandine umhluzi kunye comfrey. Ukongezelela, nokulungiselela infusions usebenzisa hay endala, apho lactic acid lifakiwe. Uyakwazi futhi ukusebenzisa Wort St. uYohane. Zonke ezi ndlela akukho oluthembekileyo kakhulu, ukuba uncedo lwabo kufuneka aphathwe rhoqo njengemvula okanye nombethe uzihlambe ngaphandle abaseleyo. Musa ukulibala ukuba imibungu kunye nezinye izinambuzane musa ngokuqhelekileyo basabela njani iindlela ezifana omzabalazo, ngoko uchitha kuzo ixesha nomgudu, kulula kakhulu ukuba bathenge imithi mihla. Oku kuqinisekisa iziphumo ezigqwesileyo ngexesha elifutshane, ukuya zona na imali eninzi kakhulu.

UPawulos, ndifuna ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukhuselo iidiliya kwizinambuzane nezinambuzane ezifunekayo xa ufuna ukufumana stably isivuno esihle. Yeqela unyango, lonke ixesha usenza i ubungozi, kwaye eneneni ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi mihla, njengezibulali ayisayi kuthatha ixesha elininzi. Ewe, yokunyamekela iindleko zabasebenzi somdiliya, kodwa isivuno kuya kuba kuhle. Kwaye ke, iyavakala ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngenxa yemisebenzi yakho yaba liphezulu.