Izithole zeediliya. Ukukhulisa iidiliya izithole. Xa imila ningazicenti zeediliya?

Izithole of beediliya kufuneka zingathengwa kuphela zokukhulisa ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa umbandela varietal, kwakunye nokungabikho kwezifo. Kwiindawo umona phylloxera, ukuthenga izithole kuyingozi kakhulu! Nayiphi nezityalo kufuneka zicocwe ngesibulali zinambuzane neendawo okusilelayo, naphambi zokubhoda!

Ithuba lokuphumula

Iidiliya zonyaka wabamba kumjikelo wonyaka. It iqulathe lamathuba amabini - uxolo kunye nohlaza. Eyokuqala ithatha ukuwa igqabi de ithende warming zemozulu. Ngexesha ezinye zonke iinkqubo ababuthathaka kakhulu. Naphantsi ezintsweni entle lobushushu musa zintshule. Eli xesha ihlala kude kube phakathi ku-Januwari kwaye kuthiwa dormancy nokomzimba.

Emva koko, isityalo iqala kwisigaba esilandelayo. Ibizwa ngokuba phumla ngenkani. Kule meko, iidiliya ekwaziyo yokuvusa ngokukhawuleza xa ubushushu degrees +10. Eli xesha isetyenziselwa zokugonya zasebusika, kwakunye ekukhawuleziseni ukulinywa thombo ningazicenti zonyaka omnye-ngumdiliya ivuthiwe. Bona ekhethiweyo isivuno eliphezulu ukusuka kumahlahla zesibeleko ezineempawu varietal ngokukhawuleza.

billet

Izithole zeediliya - yinto ukukhethwa ivuthiwe imidiliya iinxalenye nayiphi na ubukhulu, nokuba unaliso linye. Kucingwa esile kakhulu ifana lwamathangazana amabini okanye amathathu.

Izithole kakhulu inokwenzeka - zezo zikhiwa ekwindla emva sexesha lokukhula sele kugqityiwe. Kuba oku Kuphendula ubudeki ekhethiweyo 8-10 mm. ningazicenti Thin ibangelwa mandundu. Ezinye iintlobo ze umdiliya ayikho zamafu. Ke workpiece iya kuba aselula.

Izithole zeediliya zaveliswa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Vine kususwa laterals kunye anabayo.
• Eli candelo esezantsi yenziwa obliquely-3 cm ngezantsi esiludumbo, udlulisela iqela okanye Mthovu kuyo. Imela uvikivwa emva nganye basebenzisa nesisombululo potassium permanganate.
• Eli candelo Imintla ngqo ne-4 cm ngaphezu node.

ningazicenti Vine igqityiwe yaye umbandela walungisa lwaqokelelwa ube zizithungu, elungelelaniswe kwi ekupheleni emazantsi, banamathele kwiindawo ezimbini. Emva koko, hlomela ilayibhuli ngeqhosha igama ezahlukeneyo.

indawo yokubeka

Besusa ningazicenti ngosuku nkxu emanzini, ngoko nkxu in an sulfate yentsimbi (3% solution). La manyathelo aya nezinokubakhusela overdrying nokuvunda. Ngoku, izithole kufuneka zipakishwe ukwenzela ukugcinwa.

Kukho iindlela ezininzi:

• Izithole babekwa kwiingxowa zeplastiki yaye igcinwe endaweni efihlakeleyo, umoya kwiqondo lobushushu elibekwe ngaphezu ukusuka kwi-0 ukuya ku-6.
• Ubunzulu somgodi 50 cm tye eDibanisa iinyanda kunye ugalele isanti emanzi de akuyi kuya kukugubungela ngokupheleleyo. Ibekwe kulawulo phezulu cover ngamaplanga. Emva koko nokulala zonke isanti phezulu ukuya phezulu.
• Ukuba izithole azikho baninzi kakhulu, kuba polutoralitrovye zazo zokuzigcina elula ukusebenzisa iibhotile zeplastiki kunye ezinzulwini aqingqiweyo. Enye ukubeka izinto uzilungiselele, kwelinye ukwenza liqatywe ezimbini longitudinal uze ubeke phezu kuqala. Lendlela ayidingi ezibophelelayo, yaye umoya lwenziwa ngenxa lokuvula iityhubhu amaxesha 2-3 kwisithuba yokugcina yonke.

Ukukhangela izinto ukutyala phambi luzimisele

Xa imila ningazicenti zeediliya? Oku kunokwenziwa ebusika (ngoFebruwari) nasentlakohlaza.

Babeka izinto kakuhle ifakwe zisusiwe, icocwe zesanti, zohlanjwa potassium permanganate, ke lukhangelwe imbonakalo. nemithi State kuxhomekeke esona sabelo ezihlaziyiweyo, nto leyo iba umbala oluhlaza oqaqambileyo. Kwaye xa kukho ucinezelo omncinane ukufuma. Kwicandelo longitudinal le kidney kufuneka kwakhona ibe ngokufanayo eluhlaza. Izithole kunye naluphi na utyeshelo (emnyama okanye emdaka uqweqwe, iindawo ezininzi okanye amanqaku, kunye nezinye umonakalo) yaliwe.

Ngexesha USB, ezinye ukufuma kungonakali. Kufuneka kwakhona efunxa emizimbeni soft (imvula, anyibilike) amanzi kwisithuba seentsuku ezintathu. Phambi bonke lwenkohlakalo izithole kufuneka ukunika iilebhile kunye negama yezi ntlobo. Eli candelo esezantsi luhlaziywe ukuya node imbobo ngokupheleleyo - wayenovimba kwezondlo. Kuba ukubunjwa iingcambu ezongezelelweyo uthinte na zona. Ngaba oko ukusuka ekupheleni ezantsi isithole ngemela elibukhali.

Top ezichetyiweyo asiyihlaziyanga, zinokuwehlisa ukuba ngephanyazo iparafini bunyibilike okanye wax ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuyilwa nokuvunda kwaye kungonakali iintsholongwane. Lower Kungcono ukususa kwizintso - kanye kwakhona kunjalo, ungakwazi ukukhangela imo izinto lokutyala.

Emva kokuba yonke into ilungiswe, uze wazi ukuba ihlume izithole beediliya, uyakwazi ukuqhubeka ku lwenkohlakalo zabo. Oku kwenziwa ebusika kwiziphathi ezincinane, kwaye entwasahlobo kwi shkolke.

Zihluma e iikomityi

Eyona ndlela kakhulu afikelelekayo kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi. Ukulinywa izithole beediliya kwi iikomityi kuya kuba lulutho xa inxalenye yazo ephantsi ukuchasa ngomhla IAA isisombululo. Le kidney akukho desensitised. Izitya ne izithole legqunyiwe eplastikini kwaye ibekwe kwindawo efudumeleyo (umzekelo, ibhetri).

A imini kamva, xa kulungiselelwa izithole seediliya ekuntshuleni igqityiwe, ukuba ityalwe ibe iimbiza kunye nomhlaba. umxube Earth sinezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

• Wamatye - Inxalenye 1.
• Nja- - Inxalenye 1.
• komhlaba Turf - amalungu ama-2.
• wesanti erhabaxa - 1 inxenye.

Imigqomo for ningazicenti ukutyala zingenziwa neebhotile zeplastiki seelitha-1.5. Bottom iglasi cut ukuphakama-20 cm, umngxuma senziwe ngosuku. Inxalenye nakumphezulu ibhotile leyo izikhulu. Kuyanceda ke ukuba agubungele zeglasi kunye nokubonelela izithole microclimate.

Emhlabeni iiglasi kufuneka amanzi, ukuba enze umngxuma embindini phantse kwi sangqa emazantsi-2 cm. Emva koko kuyimfuneko ukwenza nomluko zesanti kwaye nabo bangazalisa loo umngxuma ngokupheleleyo emva kokufaka i ahlabayo.

Ngokutyalwa iidiliya izithole kwenzeka ngokungqinelana nemigaqo, oko kukuthi, kuqala ukuyilwa lweengcambu, ngoko kidney, Ekuvukeni kwakho, kufuneka athobele imiqathango ethile. Iqondo lobushushu ezantsi indebe ukuba iqondo-30, yaye ngenxa ezintsweni - hayi ngaphezulu kwe-15. Ukuphumeza oku zicwadi kunzima kakhulu, kodwa kunokwenzeka. Umzekelo, ukuba kukhule iidiliya ningazicenti ekhaya, iimeko ezinjalo iingenziwa kwi window. Iiglasi ekhwele kwitreyi metal leyo zigxunyekwe ibhetri. Isakhelo engaphakathi window ivulekile futhi ingadibani nezithole kwigumbi screen of polyethylene. Iqondo lobushushu ingaba ezinye ehlengahlengisiweyo window leaf. Ukukhulisa iidiliya ningazicenti ekhaya, yamanzi kunokuzuzwa ukusuka ezantsi, etyisa amanzi ashushu kuselukhambeni. Ukutyhubela mngxunya iindebe, uya kungena umhlaba.

Emva iingcambu ziqala ukuba zijongwe iindonga neziselubala izintso zone lungapholi wamisa. Xa izintso ziqala ukukhula amahlumelo, kwemikrozo yeemoto kwi amacala asentla ibhotile ivulwa kunye nokukhula esebenzayo ye yokuhlala wenza izinzile.

izithole eziluhlaza

Entwasahlobo, ungasebenzisa iilekese, wabagawula amahlumelo. nangoko ningazicenti Green kunye nezintso zombini ifakwe emanzini. Ke utyelwe iikomityi okanye kwiibhokisi, ukunika umthunzi kwenxenye de wachukumisa ulwando. Iinyanga zasehlotyeni izithole ziza kuphuhlisa, kwaye ukuwa kwabo zikhiwa iwayini. izithole Spring babekwa amabhakethi kunye kumhlaba otyebileyo, yaye ngoSeptemba - on indawo esisigxina esidiliyeni. Izithole zediliya entwasahlobo - oko kuyinto yingozi, kuba ebusika ungaphulukana inxalenye enkulu izityalo sele zikhulile.

kilchevanie

Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ezizalana ngayo izithole umdiliya ngokukhawuleza, kufuneka ukuba ufake isicelo izenzo lwezolimo. It ikuvumela ukuba ukudala callus lwabo setyhula ukusuka apho kubhalwe iingcambu ngexeshana elifutshane. Ukuze kilchevanie ningazicenti beediliya liyaphumelela, zisuswe emhlabeni greenhouse effect. Emva koko, dig izithole ubude esemseleni wawakhotha onzulu 20 cm, ubeke phezu ezantsi kwigridi ze ufake kunye iinyanda ngamahla phantsi, ndilale zesanti lomlambo. Iziphelo asezantsi (baza kufutshane kumphezulu) kufuneka ibe kwinqanaba elifanayo. Ngoko bona isale ngomaleko esisesweni okanye moss 2 cm umaleko wamatye-12 cm, inkcenkceshelwa yaye wayifulela lezakhelo, ngokusebenzisa eya kulawulwa ngu lobushushu (+22 ... + 24 ° ^C). Umhlaba kuyimfuneko ukuba ngamaxesha athile humidify, ndiwuthukulule. Xa kwimimandla ekumzantsi emazantsi umsele lufakwa umkhenkce okanye kwishedi ngamanzi abandayo. Kilchevanie kugqitywe kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu.

Ukukhulisa iidiliya nibhinqe phakathi Russia

Kukholelwa ukuba ngokulinywa esi sityalo kunokwenzeka kuphela kwimimandla esemazantsi. Kodwa namhlanje netheknoloji iidiliya ezikhulayo kwaye eRussia.

Okokuqala kufuneka ukhethe indawo kumhlaba. Kufuneka ibe ilanga kwaye moya. Ngexesha sexesha lokukhula isityalo kufuneka abekwe ngeeribhoni ezisemntla-emazantsi.

ukulungiselela lomhlaba, ukutyala kunye nokhathalelo

Emva kulinywa kuleyo beediliya of amabakala okuqala baqonda ngempumelelo, kufuneka ngokuchanekileyo ibekwe kwisiza. Ngaba oko ekupheleni kukaMeyi, xa iqabaka lokugqibela iGavdos. Olu tyalo-yokulinganisa 50 X 50 cm wazifefa kukho isilayidi, umhlaba kwimiyezo, ugalelwe wamatye umngxuma. Kule ephezulu, kwaye ibekwe isityalo.

amanzi kufuneka wenziwe ingcambu. esusa ayisosinyanzelo kwaye ziba ngcono. Beediliya iphendula kakuhle ekukhulelweni kunye izimbiwa kunye nezichumiso organic. mullein alulwelo kufuneka benze entwasahlobo ukuba ukugcwala ngokukhawuleza mass eluhlaza. Yaye ekupheleni kwehlobo kufuneka phosphorus ukuba umdiliya zavuthwa kakuhle kwaye akwazi ukugqiba ixesha lokukhula. Kuyo yonke le sidingo ne potassium.

Ukuze ukwenza inani elikhulu imidiliya onemveliso, udinga ixesha qwele ngamasebe ecaleni - stepsons.

Formation of iidiliya kunye nekhusi ubusika

Ekwindla, emva kokuba amagqabi kokuwa, wenza ukukhanya lokucheba kunye nokudala enemikhono (izidiliya). Kunyaka wokuqala kumbindi eRashiya wabashiya 2-3 kwisityalo efanayo.

Ebusika, iidiliya kufuneka phezulu entabeni ugqibele. Oku kwenziwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• Qokelela nomdiliya inyanda nizibophe kunye twine.
• Phinda izinto spandbolom kunye yophahla.
• Tsala ngentambo.
• Ukwakhiwa ngenxa wayibeka phezu ebhodini, amatye okanye izitena.

Xa yokuhlala onjalo akayi kufumana manzi ngexesha obuhle, nomdiliya akukho manzi. iqabaka esityalweni ayikho eyoyikekayo.

Ukususa ikhava ngokuchanekileyo

Design zezikhali ngendlela reverse ekuqaleni kuka May. Kodwa trellis tie umdiliya akukho mfuneko logama nje kukho ithuba lokuba uyabuya iqabaka. Ngoxa gangalala emhlabeni, ungasoloko kuzimela spandbolom enye okanye izinto nesigubungelo non-ephothiweyo. Ngaphandle, ubuso bomhlaba kusoloko kufudumele, yaye kwimeko okupholisa umdiliya akukho podmerznet.

Ekuqaleni June, oko ngokukhuselekileyo zibekwe phezu trellis, kodwa emva koko kuvela enye ingxaki. Ngeli xesha, amahlumelo bafikelele ubungakanani onesidima, ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba ubonise inkathalo enkulu ukuze musa alicia keys.

idiliya Garter namahlumela (ezomileyo okanye eluhlaza) kwandisa imveliso kunye nomgangatho. It ivumela amatyholo umoya nokulayita ngakumbi, kwakunye lulekani iindlela kwisityalo umsebenzi ngoomatshini.

garter owomileyo

Oku kwenziwa ngexesha ukuhamba SAP, kodwa phambi kokuba ibiselityatyambile enyukayo. Xa beqala kutyatyamba, kulula kakhulu ukuba uyeke. Kunyaka ophelileyo Kuphendula abotshwa kwindawo nkqo ukuba ibe jo. Ukuba oko kwazi, Kuphezulu, kuyimfuneko ukulungisa oku kwiindawo ezimbini okanye ezintathu. Intonga ende, eyenzelwe ukuba abuyele isivuno, wabopha ecaleni, ukuqinisekisa ukukhanya esiphezulu.

Yale nkqubo, sebenzisa ikheyibhile okhethekileyo, kuqulethe steel wire kunye nephepha jiko. Xa garter kufuneka ukugcina imfuyo kwi ukuqina emthini.

Ukuba ityholwana incinane, yonke isiqhamo umdiliya encamathele emazantsi trellis emgceni. Kuba Ubukhulu ezinkulu ngamasebe zezityalo libotshelelwe ukuya kwicingo yesibini.

iidiliya eluhlaza obandayo trellis

Ngaba esile libotshelelwe amaxesha ambalwa ngexesha lonyaka. Lokuqala - kunye ubude 50 cm ngoko luphinde ludubuleke njengokuba beya bekhula kwaye ukufikelela umaleko lesibini wire .. Amahlumelo Green esile libotshelelwe nkqo, hayi iziqwenga ngaphezu 2-3. ndawonye. Ngaba ngomtya, bast, inkunkuma textile okanye imicu ngeplastiki ifilimu.

Ukubeka lwenziwa ngokohlobo warn, kungabandakanywa ukutsha nokutshixiza namasebe. Apho kunokwenzeka, kuya kuba ngcono ukuba ayisasaze kwi-engile degrees 45. Ngenxa yoko, izityalo ukhanyiso anda, ngcono yiphotosynthesis. Ngako oko, ukwandisa isiqulatho iswekile kunye isixa tannins namavumba nakwisiqhamo.

Ukuba kwenqanaba ephezulu wire bulukwe ngemikrozo emibini, ngoko akukho mfuneko kunxibelelanisa. Amahlumelo kuzala nje phakathi kwabo, apho kunye ngoncedo zeepali, bona esilungise ngokwabo.