Ukwahlulelwa kweenkqubo zokusebenza. Ukwahlula iinkqubo zemveliso

Kwiimeko zokhuphiswano lweemarike, ukubaluleka ngokukodwa kwenkampani nganye kukunciphisa iindleko kunye nokukhutshwa kwintlawulo enkulu. Inkqubo efanelekileyo yeenkqubo zezabasebenzi yindlela ebalulekileyo kulo msebenzi.

Ukubaluleka kombandela

Xa kudala iimveliso, izixhobo, iimveliso ezigqityiweyo kunye nezinto ezibonakalayo ziphendulelwa zibe yimveliso egqityiweyo. Izixhobo ezintathu zisetyenziswe: izixhobo zokuvelisa, into kunye nomsebenzi. Ngoncedo lomntu wokuqala uguqula umongo wento, iimpawu zayo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, uhlobo, indawo. Izixhobo zokuvelisa zisetyenziselwa ukulawulwa kwenkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso, ngelixa iqhuba ezinye iindlela. Ngokubanzi, yonke imisebenzi ifom imisebenzi yemashishini. Ngaloo ndlela, umxholo weenkqubo zabasebenzi uquka imisebenzi yabasebenzi eyimfuneko ukuguqulwa okufanelekileyo kwesi sifundo. Ngelo xesha, ukusebenza kwemisebenzi kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Phakathi kwazo yinkalo yenkqubo yokuvelisa, uhlobo oluthile lomsebenzi, kunye nomlinganiselo umntu athathe inxaxheba kuyo.

Iinkalo zemveliso yomveliso

Kwimisebenzi yokusebenza, izixhobo, izinto eziyimveliso kunye neemveliso ezigqityiweyo zijika zibe yimveliso elungele ukusetshenziswa / ukusebenzisa. Oku kwenziwa ngokuthatha inxaxheba okanye phantsi kolawulo lomntu. Ngokwenza oko, udidi olulandelayo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa lwamkelwa:

1. Siseko. Injongo yabo kukuvelisa iimpahla kwiimarike.
2. Oncedisayo. Kubo, umzekelo, ukuthwala izithuthi, imisebenzi yokulungisa. Baqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kweshishini.

Ukwahlula iinkqubo zemveliso kubaluleke kakhulu. Naliphi na iyakubonwa ngamacala amabini. Okokuqala, iinkqubo zokuvelisa ziinkathazo zenguqu ezenzeka ngezinto. Konke kunye neentetho zezenzo zabasebenzi abajoliswe ekufumaneni umkhiqizo ogqityiweyo. Kwimeko yokuqala, ngumbuzo wethekhnoloji, kwaye kwimeko yesibini malunga nenkqubo yomsebenzi.

Izigaba zokusebenza

Iinkqubo zezobuchwepheshe zihlelwa ngu:

• Iqondo lokuqhubeka;
• Umthombo wamandla;
• Indlela yokuchaphazeleka kwisifundo.

Ngokuxhomekeke kumthombo wamandla, imisebenzi esebenzayo kunye neyobuchule iyahluka. Ezi zilandelayo zibhekwa njengendalo kwaye azidingi amandla angaphezulu, ziguqulwe ngumntu ukuba zichaphazele into. Umzekelo wokusebenza ngokukhawuleza ukupholisa isinyithi phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo ziphantsi kweempembelelo ngqo zomntu kwizinto, okanye indlela yokusebenza, eqhutywa ngumbane oguqulwa ngumqeshwa. Imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe ingaqhubeka okanye idibeneyo. Kwimeko yokuqala, inkqubo yezobuchwepheshe ayiyekanga ngexesha lokulayishwa kwezixhobo, ukuhanjiswa kwemveliso, ngexesha lolawulo lwemisebenzi. Ngoko ke, isigaba sesibini sibonakala ngokubakho kwezikhefu. Ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuchaphazela into kunye nohlobo lwezixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo, inkqubo yezobuchwepheshe ingaba yi-hardware okanye i-mechanical. Olu hlobo lwenziwa ngumqeshwa ngesandla okanye ngokusebenzisa oomatshini, izixhobo zamashishini, njl. Kule nkqubo, into iyaxhomekeka kwisenzo. Ngenxa yoko, ukuma, isikhundla, ubukhulu bezinto buyatshintsha. Iinkqubo ze-Hardware zibandakanya ukuvezwa kwamandla ashushu, iimpawu zamakhemikhali, izinto eziphilayo okanye i-radiation. Imisebenzi enjalo ivela kumagumbi, izitofu, iinqanawa, iibhafu, njl njl. Ngenxa yoko, kufunyenwe umkhiqizo onokuthi uhluke kwizinto zokuqala zeemichiza, i-state aggregate kunye nesakhiwo. Imisebenzi ye-Hardware isetyenziswa rhoqo kwiindawo zokutya, i-metallurgical, microbiological, iikhemikhali.

Uphando lweenkqubo zokusebenza

Yonke imisebenzi yezobuchwepheshe kwiinkampani zenziwa ngokuthatha inxaxheba komntu. Kwimimandla yoshishino, inkqubo yomsebenzi ngumsebenzi wabasebenzi abajoliswe ekuguquleni ezithile izixhobo kwiimveliso ezithile. Njengoko iimpawu zayo eziphambili zi:

• Iindleko zamandla kunye nexesha;
• Ukusetyenziswa kweziphumo;
• Imali;
• Umgangatho wokwaneliseka nokusebenza kwemisebenzi.

Ingundoqo yemisebenzi iboniswe yiyo yonke imisebenzi kunye nokuhamba kwabasebenzi okufunekayo ukuba kwenziwe zonke izigaba. Umbutho weenkqubo zabasebenzi kufuneka uqinisekise:

• Ukufumana imisebenzi;
• Ulwazi kunye noqeqesho lwezinto;
• Ukuthatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kwiinguqu ezibonakalayo kumveliso ogqityiweyo, ngokwe-teknoloji;
• Ukuhanjiswa kwesiphumo.

Ecacileyo

Inkqubo yomsebenzi kunye nokulungiswa kwayo kunikezelwa iindlela ezisetyenziselwa ukwenza imisebenzi ethile encedayo ekunciphiseni ukunyameka komzimba, ukudala lula ukwenza imisebenzi, nokuphelisa izenzo ezingadingekile nokuphindaphindiweyo. Izindlela ezisebenzisiweyo ziququzelele ukulawula kunye namanyathelo okuphendula. Ukwahlula, umxholo kunye nokubunjwa kweenkqubo zengqesho zihlobene ngokuthe ngqo kwi-teknoloji esetyenziswe kwishishini. Kule nkalo, ukuphumelela komsebenzi kuya kuxhomekeka kuphela kumqhubi walo osheshayo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyila kwezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo, izixhobo zobuchwepheshe, umbutho weenkqubo zokusebenza kunye neendawo zokusebenza. Ezi zinto zidlala indima ekwandayo kwiimeko zanamhlanje.

Imisebenzi yemisebenzi yomsebenzi

Inkqubo yomsebenzi, imigaqo yentlangano yayo ithathwa njengenye yezinto eziphambili zoshishino. Kwiimeko zokuzenzekelayo kunye nokusebenza, iimfuno kumgangatho wabasebenzi abenza ukugcinwa kwezixhobo zanda kakhulu. Oku kubangelwe kukuba le nto iya kugqiba ukusebenza koshishino.

Ukwahlula iinkqubo zabasebenzi: icebo, itafile

Isakhiwo salo msebenzi sincike kwisabelo, iteknoloji esetyenziswayo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezinto. Ukufunda ulwahlulo lwayo, ukuhlelwa kweenkqubo zomsebenzi kwenziwa. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi ziqokelelwe ndawonye ngezizathu ezithile. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiinjongo zolu cwaningo, khetha ezo okanye ezinye iikhrayitheriya ezibonisa inkqubo yomsebenzi kunye nenhlangano yayo. Ukwahlulelwa kwemisebenzi yabasebenzi kungenziwa ngu:

• Izixhobo zezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo ezisetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yamachiza, isinyithi kunye nokusebenza kwemithi, kunye nabanye;
• Imisebenzi eyenziwa (ukuhlelwa kweenkqubo zezabasebenzi kulo mqathango unikezela ukwahlula kwisiseko, ukuhanjiswa, imisebenzi yolawulo);
• Uhlobo lwemveliso: lungaba bunzima, i-serial, ngamnye (ngamnye);
• Ubume kunye nomxholo wokusebenza: zinokuthi ziqhutywe, zifudumale, zichithwe, zizenzele umzimba kunye nemichiza, njalo njalo;
• Ifom yombutho wezenzo zabasebenzi: ingaba ngumntu ngamnye, ngokuvakalayo, oqokelelweyo;
• Ukuhlaziya kunye nobude.

Ulwazi oluyisiseko luboniswe kwitheyibhile elingezantsi.

Impawu

Ngokuxhomekeke kwinjongo yomkhiqizo, imisebenzi yabasebenzi ihlukaniswe yaba yinkxaso kunye nesisiseko. Olu lwahlulo lweenkqubo zabasebenzi lunempembelelo ekukhethweni kwemigangatho yabasebenzi, indlela yokuyibeka. Kwakhona kuthintela ukhetho lweendlela zokudala iimeko eziyimfuneko ukuba abantu basebenzise imisebenzi yabo yobugcisa. Ukwahlulelwa kweenkqubo zezabasebenzi kuqhutyelwa ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuthatha inxaxheba kwabasebenzi kuzo. ImiSebenzi yeMisebenzi yenziwa ngesandla okanye isebenzisa izixhobo ezingekho zixhobo. Ngokomzekelo, unokwenza umzobo wengubo yomsebenzi ngebhasi. Imisebenzi eyenziwe ngokuchanekileyo yenziwa ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezininzi. Ngokomzekelo, ingaba imingxuma yokubhoboza nge-drill. Ukusebenza kwendlela yomsebenzi kwenziwa ngamacandelo afaka umqeshwa. Kule meko, uphando lwenza imizamo ethile yokulawula izixhobo zezixhobo. Ukusebenza kwemishini kufaka iinkqubo ezenziwa kumashishini nakwezinye izihlanganisi. Kule meko, ukuthatha inxaxheba komqeshwa kuncitshiswa kuphela kulawulo lwezixhobo. Ezizenzekelayo zezi nkqubo ezenziwa ngutshani, ukuhamba kwamalungu osebenzayo, kunye nokulawulwa kwenkqubo ngokubhekiselele kwinkqubo ekhankanyiweyo usebenzisa iikhomputha. Imisebenzi yomqeshwa iyancitshiswa kulawulo lwekhosi yokusebenza.

Ubume bemveliso kunye nento

Kukho uluhlu lweenkqubo zezabasebenzi, apho imisebenzi ikwahlula khona ngolwazi kunye namandla. Kwimeko yokugqibela, imveliso kunye nesifundo somsebenzi wobugcisa yinto (izinto, izixhobo, izinto ezibonakalayo) okanye amandla (i-hydraulic, thermal, electric). Ngako oko, iinkqubo zokusebenza ezinjalo ziqhelekileyo kubasebenzi. Imveliso kunye nesifundo kwimeko yokuqala yinkcazelo. Ingayinjineli, ubuchwepheshe, ezoqoqosho. Iinkcukacha zolwazi zenziwa ngabasebenzi (iingcali).

Ukuchaneka kokudalwa kweemeko zomsebenzi

Njengenye yeenkalo eziphambili zentlangano yomsebenzi kwinkampani kuphucula ukucwangciswa nokuphucula ukulungiswa kwemisebenzi ekhoyo. Oku kuyimfuneko ukudala imimiselo yemisebenzi ephakamileyo kunye nokusebenza okuphezulu kwiindleko zenyama eziphantsi kakhulu. Iindawo zokusebenzela ziqhagamshelwano oluphambili kwisakhiwo soshishino. Ngamnye wabo ngummandla wesicelo semigudu yomzimba kunye nengqondo yomntu. Indawo yokusebenzela kufuneka ixhotywe ngezixhobo ezifunekayo ezisetyenziselwa ukufezekisa imisebenzi eyabelwe enye okanye ngaphezulu. Ilungelelanisa imimiselo yokwenza imisebenzi (eyindayo, eqhelekileyo, eyingozi), imimiselo yokuphumla kunye nomsebenzi, uhlobo lwentsebenzo (i-monotonous, ehlukeneyo, njalo njalo).

Izikhokelo eziphambili zolawulo

Indawo yokusebenza yenza njengenye yeendidi ezibalulekileyo ezifundwe kwisakhelo solawulo lwe-theory. Oku kubangelwa kukuba ummandla apho umntu azalisekisa imisebenzi yakhe yobugcisa inefuthe ngqo kwi-intsebenzo yalo msebenzi. Ukusuka kwayo, kuxhomekeke ekusebenzeni kwabasebenzi bezolawulo kunye ne-shishini lonke. Kwinkqubo yokulungiswa kweendawo zokusebenzela, le mi sebenzi ilandelayo ixazululwa:

• Ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kwendawo yeshishini;
• Indawo engqiqweni kwindawo ephantsi kuyo yonke indawo yomsebenzi;
• Ukudala iimeko ezizinzileyo kunye nezikhululekile kubasebenzi;
• Ukuthintelwa kwefuthe elibi kubantu abangaphakathi nangaphandle;
• Ukuphazamiseka kokugcinwa kwekhwalithi eliphezulu kwendawo nganye yomsebenzi, ukunikezelwa kwesigqi, ukuqhubeka kunye nokuchaneka kweendawo.

Injongo yolawulo

Endaweni yomsebenzi, iinqununu zenkqubo yokusebenza zixhunyiwe: iindlela, isifundo kunye nemigudu esheshayo yabasebenzi. Umsebenzi oyintloko ekulawuleni kukubeka ukusetyenziswa kwamanyathelo okunciphisa ukulahleka kwexeshana kunye nemeko. Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo ihlawulwa ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko xa ubeka indawo yokusebenzela. Ulawulo olusemgangathweni lubonakaliswe ukulungelelaniswa okwaneleyo kumgangatho wemisebenzi yolwazi. Oku kufezekiswe ukuba imigangatho iphuhliswa:

• Abaqeqeshiweyo;
• Ngendlela ephakanyisiweyo;
• Ngokusetyenziswa kwemigangatho yabasebenzi.

Uhlalutyo lweendleko zexesha

Kubalulekile ukuseka imigangatho eyaneleyo. Uhlalutyo lwenziwe ngokuhambelana nokuhlelwa kwexesha elichithwe ngabasebenzi. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo ziyakwenza njengendlela:

• Imizamo yangokoqobo yabasebenzi;
• Isihloko somsebenzi;
• Izixhobo.

Isikhathi sokusebenza sisilinganiselo seendleko zabasebenzi.

Kubaluleka kokugcina nokugcina iziza

Kwiindawo zokusebenzela, ukuhanjiswa kwexesha ngexesha elifanelekileyo, izixhobo kunye nezinto, ukulungiswa nokulungiswa kwezixhobo kufuneka kusekwe. Amashishini akha kwaye aphumeze inkqubo yokubonelelwa kweziza. Ilungiselela:

• Ukulungiselela nokuhanjiswa kwemisebenzi ecwangcisiweyo kubasebenzi kunye nokuhanjiswa kwemisebenzi;
• Uluhlu;
• Ukulungiswa kwezixhobo;
• Ukunikezwa kwamandla, ukulungiswa kokugcinwa kwezixhobo kunye nokufakelwa;
• Ukulungiswa kunye nokukhuselwa kwezixhobo;
• Ukulawula umgangatho wezinto zokusebenza kunye nezinto zokusebenza;
• Ukufumana iimpahla ezigqityiweyo kwimpahla yokugcina impahla.

Sekiso

Ikuvumela ukuba ufumane indawo zokusebenzela ezingenakuhlangabezana neemfuno zanamhlanje, ezisebenzisa abasebenzi abanezakhono ezincinci, abasebenzi besikhokelo okanye imisebenzi eyenziwa kwiimeko eziyingozi kumqeshwa. Zonke iimpazamo ezityhilelwe ngexesha lokuqinisekisa kufuneka zipheliswe ngexesha elifutshane kunokwenzeka. Ukulungelelaniswa kwemisebenzi ngokuhambelana neemfuno zanamhlanje kukuxanduva lwabaphathi. Ukuphunyezwa kuvumela ukuphucula nokuphucula imisebenzi yamashishini.

Isiphelo

Inkqubo yezabasebenzi kunye nokuhlelwa kwazo ziyisiseko somsebenzi weyiphi na ishishini. Kwiimeko zanamhlanje, kunye nendima eqhubekayo yokuzenzekelayo, iimfuno zomgangatho kunye nokukhawuleza kwemisebenzi zikhula. Kwisakhelo semisebenzi yolawulo, iimodeli zokuphucula indawo yokusebenza ziphuhlisiwe kwaye ziphunyezwe, kwaye izixhobo ezikhutshwe ngokuziphatha kunye neziphathekayo ziphelile.