Iintlobo kunye namagama sweets (uluhlu)

Kuba abantu abaninzi, ilekese - izimuncumuncu owathandayo na ukumkholisa nje kuphela ekhuhlangubeni lakho, kodwa ukuba onwabe aze ongeze namandla. Ezi iilekese ezahlukahlukeneyo zilungiselwe iinkulungwane eziliqela, yaye igama iilekese (uluhlu apho linikwa kweli nqaku) ngelo xesha kakhulu itshintshe.
Eli nqaku liza kuthetha ngezinto iintlobo ephatha sweet ezikhoyo namhlanje ishishini confectionery, zahluke njani kuthiwa.

Xa befika apho?

ephatha Sweet, izandulela iilekese esizithandayo, wayethanda kumazwe ahlukeneyo ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Ngoko abapheki laseYiputa yamandulo wadala Kwanobumnandi ubusi, lemon namafutha, iris iingcambu, iingcongolo kunye nemihla, yaye amaRoma - imbewu wayipheka poppy, amandongomane, ubusi kunye sesame weight. In Russia wayemthanda uju eyenziwe maple isiraphu, ubusi kunye nembeleko.

Epha ezikhangeleka ngathi namhlanje, zaveliswa kuphela kwinkulungwane XVI eItali. Oku kungenxa yokuba sele ilungiswe apha naphaya kwemveliso yoshishino zeswekile, ngaphandle apho akunakwenzeka ukuvelisa iilekese. Ekuqaleni kwakucingwa ukuba kwakunzima ichiza eyomeleleyo, yaye oko wathengisa kuphela ezikhemisti. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, candied iswekile, sithe sawongwa kakhulu, bayeka ukuba amayeza, kwaye baba sweets zithandwa.

Yintoni na?

Igama elithi "iilekese" livela ngolwimi Russian ukusuka Italian, apho confetto lithetha "ipilisi, ilekese." Ekuqaleni, oko esetyenziswa yi oosokhemisti Italian ukuba igama amaqhekeza iziqhamo candied - candied iziqhamo yayithengiswa amayeza. Akha isininzi - "iilekese" - wabonakala ngandlel kamva kwinkulungwane XIX, xa baba imigubho ezithandwayo Italian, apho nxaxheba ulilahle confetti ezinye nganye - ilekese fake eyenziwe isamente.

Namhlanje, phantsi iilekese khekhe kamnandi elibonisa ezahlukeneyo kwifomu, imbonakalo, incasa kunye nemvakalo.

Ntoni na ke?

uluhlu Modern iilekese bukhulu kangangokuba nabosi bezonka ezininzi phezulu ukuhlela. Kwakhona ukwazi oko kuthenga kwi iintlobo ezingoovimba iilekese, abamagama nga bohluke ngokuphawulekayo kbavelisi ezahlukeneyo. Ithandwa kakhulu kwaye imfuno abathengi Russian:

• Caramel. It iqulathe nembeleko kunye neswekile.
• Iilekese. Enye ilula ekwenziweni kwemveliso confectionery, evela nembeleko zokupheka, iswekile okanye isiraphu ingqolowa. I wafumana Ukwakhiwa eliphekwe yaye agalelwa iimilo ezizodwa. Uluhlu Igama iilekese ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi.

- caramel candy;

- candy stick;

- epha isongiwe ngephepha;

- epha soft - monpase;

- licorice candy okanye ezinetyuwa;

- an uwaphe evuthelweyo okanye lume-ezimile. Amagama neefoto of "izinti" kwaye "neentonga" ithiwe thaca apha ngasezantsi.

• Iris, ibizwe toffee. Eli gama beza kunye owayesebenza ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX eSt Petersburg French khekhe Morna, owabona ukufana yeelekese ezinamagqabi iris intyatyambo. Bona ezenziwe ngobisi yinto enye, ibhotolo kunye neswekile kwaye ziqulathe kubalulekile eqhelekileyo yokusebenza vitamin lomzimba B _12. "Tuzik", "Kis-Kis", "Golden Key", "ooqongqothwane Dairy" - onke amagama yeelekese kwi leSoviet. Uluhlu butterscotch ke, njengokuba ubona, yayimfutshane.
• epha itshokolethi. Kuxhomekeka ukuzaliswa ntlobo zilandelayo ahluka:

- souffle, ezifana "ubisi ntaka" le, nto leyo nayo ngokuba "intaka emangalisayo", "intaka Bogorodskaya", "wintergreen" kunye nabanye;

- nuts yosiwe efumaneka nati batyumkileyo zizaliswe iswekile, isiraphu iziqhamo okanye ubusi. Ezi epha njengoko "amandongomane bawosa itshokolethi", "kaJohn nentsomi", "Strawberry yosiwe amandongomane" kunye nezinye;

- Praline - uyitye itshokolethi ezaliswe lweso kunye neswekile ekoko neenkozo zepistasi exutywe ibranti okanye naziphi na ezinye izinto, "yaliqhina", "Babaevskie", "Shokonatka", "Juliet";

- utshwala equlathwe ngaphakathi uyitye Akunakuba ukusuka isiraphu yeswekile okanye utshwala brandy "cream utshwala", "Liquor Chocolate", "velvet eluhlaza";

- in uwaphe nokuvalwa ijeli phantsi umaleko itshokolethi yi berry ubukhulu okanye iziqhamo ijeli, "kaYehaleleli", "Southern Night", "dada", "Gulf" kunye nabanye;

- "Sweet" okanye iilekese kunye fondant nokuzaliswa, livela ubisi, isiraphu, cream, iswekile, ukuwavala iziqhamo, kunye namanye amacandelo, "Mia", "Rakhat", "Spanish Night" kunye nabanye;

- athom - iitshokolethi zodidi elirhangqiweyo, ezaliswe cream ekhethekileyo isiFrentshi - ganache. Yenziwe ibhotolo, cream, itshokolethi kunye neentlobo ngeentlobo zokutya. Umphezulu engaphandle ukuba isale weminoti emphefumlweni okanye emhlabeni, okanye nesonkana esisicaba mixture kunye nomgubo ekoko.

imbali chocolate

Bathandwa ngabaninzi uyitye itshokolethi Bulelani umkhenkethi odumileyo wabonakala - Hernando Cortez wafumanisa kwilizwekazi American. Yaba yena nabalingane bakhe zasiwa iimbotyi ekoko eYurophu yaye yaqalisa amaYurophu itshokolethi. Indela Benzoni negalelo yokuba iitshokolethi waba ukusetyenziswa rhoqo ukugcina impilo kumkani iSpanish, yaye emva kwakhe kunye ngamagosa akhe. Kamva fashion ukuze uyitye itshokolethi iye yandele kwamanye amazwe, apho umntu abanempembelelo kusetyenziswa kuzo njengeyeza. Kude kube ngenkulungwane XVII Spain livelise confectioners kuphela itshokolethi kunye neelekese kulo, waza wathumela iilekese kwiinkundla ezininzi royal. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, imfihlelo lokwenza iilekese chocolate yaziwa kwamanye amazwe, Noko ke, kude kube ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII, aba ngesandla.

Kanye uwaphe wabonakala eRashiya?

Lo mzi-mveliso yokuqala confectionery ekuveliseni yetshokholethi yavulwa ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII French endandiwenza Davidom Shelli. De kwinkulungwane XIX eRashiya kwakungekho ngemveliso yazo yeelekese kwaye ephatha evela phesheya, okanye elungiselela kumpheki ekhethekileyo amakhitshi kumakhaya iingangamsha lezityebi. I confectionery mveliso yokuqala Russian yavulwa eSt Petersburg kuphela phakathi kwenkulungwane XIX.

Njengoko ngaphambili ebizwa iilekese?

Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, de XIX ngenkulungwane, iilekese okanye kwamanye amazwe ukuya kwilizwe lethu ezivela phesheya okanye ezenziwe ekhaya phezu amafa iingxande aziingangamsha. Kuba amagama achazayo kusenziwa ekhaya banikwa iilekese, malunga imilo, ukulungiselela indlela, amaxabiso esetyenziswa yi iziqhamo kunye neziqhamo. Kwincwadi ethi "The Ogqibeleleyo confectioner Russian New, okanye enenkcukacha confectionary Dictionary", epapashwe ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVIII eSt Petersburg, ngabo ngenxa kuthi funny igama ilekese njengoko Strawberry ikeyiki kunye apricot caramel eluhlaza, epha Jasmine nedile iswekile namaqebengwana Cherry marzipan Iapilkosi kunye epha.

isihloko industrial

Ukuvulwa yokuqala confectionery mveliso Russian kwakhokelela ekubeni ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX, umkhosi kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo yetshokholayithi. Ixesha lokuqala yayisonganyelwa French zokupheka kunye namagama yeelekese, uluhlu ekube enkulu kunene:

• "Baton de Grail";
• "Finshampan";
• "ICrème de rizen";
• "Boule de-d ';
• "ICrème de nuazon";
• "Maron Praline" kunye nabanye.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, igama French yetshokholethi iguqulelwe Russian, waya phezu yokuthengisa, ziyilwe ngokungqinelana igrama Russian, "bukhrim Venus," "ulwimi Cat kaThixo", "Leather Ntombazana", "yabahamba". Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko, ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye namagama ezimbini yeelekese, ezifana 'namaqhosha neeperile okanye perile Koriandor ". confectioners Russian entsha, eyilwe ngabo iilekese, ogama kakade Russian wayedla ngokusebenzisa amagama ezinxulumene imifanekiso wesini ngobulungisa, "uSophie", "Marianne", "I Merry Umhlolokazi", "Fisherwoman", "Marsala". Ikhutshwe kunye series kwezemfundo, ezifana "Imfihlelo." Ngomhla ilingana yeelekese obekwe puzzle elula. Phambi kokuba iziganeko revolution ka-1917 wavelisa series itshokolethi "Imidlalo", "Atlas Geographical," "Izizwe aseSiberia" kunye nabanye.

iilekese Soviet

Kude kube Oktobha Revolution of 1917, u nga kuthenga iilekese "Royal Raspberry" okanye "Tsar Fyodor Mikhailovich." Emva kwakhe amagama candy zitshintshile kakhulu. Ngeles, caramel "yamahlwempu" yaye "Red Army," "Hammer and irhengqa" yaye "kushishino lwethu". Noko ke, iitshokolethi zona sigcina isihloko French: "Dern Cree", "Miniatures", "Chartreuse," "bergamot", "Peperment" kunye nabanye. Siye akubanga yembono zokwazisela amagama cala, njengabo "UNomatse", "Scamps" yaye "bunny". amagama Soviet le iilekese entsha ibonisa iziganeko zangoku kunye impumelelo. Ngoko eziveliswe 30 zenkulungwane lokugqibela:. "Lwelani ubuchule", "Lunga", "Sabantuy", "Le Milkmaid", "Chelyuskinites," "Heroes of the Arctic", "uphumeleleyo ngumkhenkce"

Kokoyiswa isithuba ngumntu kwi-imi- 60 lwekhulu XX lwabonakala inkangeleko "Space" iilekese yaye "Space". Malunga nelo xesha, waba ithandwa ukungena egameni zeetshokholethi amagama ezisemagqabini oonobumba zoncwadi: "Snow Ntombazana", "La Bayadere", "Blue Bird", "Sadko", "Little Red Riding Hood" kunye nabanye.