Physics. intshukumo yovukelo ngokwendalo kwimizobo

Jet basafunda indalo kunye neteknoloji - Kuyaziwa kakhulu. Kwindalo, oko kwenzeka xa elinye ilungu lomzimba bahlukana enesantya ethile evela kwenye inxalenye. Kule mandla reaction kubonakala ngaphandle intsebenziswano yento ephilayo kunye maqurhu angaphandle.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba yintoni na busengozini, kungcono ujonge kule mizekelo. Imizekelo isindululo yovukelo kwindalo kunye nobuchwepheshe baninzi. Okokuqala, singathetha ngayo isetyenziswa njani izilwanyana, kwaye lisetyenziswa ngoko njani ubugcisa.

Medusa, laba kwindawo, kwizidalwa kunye mbambela

Abaninzi, kuqubha elwandle, ndadibana jellyfish. ELwandle oko Black, kakade, ngokwaneleyo. Noko ke, asingabo bonke wacinga ukuba ukususa jellyfish usebenzisa nje jet basafunda. Indlela efanayo amanyathelo kunye ezidla oohlabamanzi, kwakunye abameli ezincinane zaselwandle. Nocikizeko ezingenamqolo izilwanyana zaselwandle ukuba bayisebenzise iphezulu kakhulu kaninzi ngaphezu koko iintlondi zobugcisa.

mbambela abaninzi ukuhambisa yethu indlela yenzala esebenzayo. Ngokomzekelo, cuttlefish, squid, ngwane. Ngokukodwa, udaka, scallop bakwazi ukuya phambili, esebenzisa jet amanzi, nto leyo alahlwa evela echibini xa inxitywe elunkontshweni yakhe ephawulekayo nciphisa.

Kwaye nje imizekelo embalwa evela kuyinikela ubomi behlabathi zezilwanyana, nto leyo kunokubangela ekutyhileni mxholo: ". Jet basafunda kubomi bemihla ngemihla, indalo kunye nobuchwepheshe"

Indlela ukuhambisa cuttlefish

umdla kakhulu kule nkalo, kwaye cuttlefish. Njengoninzi izilwanyana, oko enambuzelayo emanzini, kusetyenziswa indlela elandelayo. Ngokusebenzisa ifanele ekhethekileyo ibekwe phambili lomzimba, ngokunjalo ngalo noqhoqhoqho cuttlefish osecaleni kokha amanzi aba kwisisu yayo dj. Emva koko kuphosa kuye ngamandla ngalo ifanele. Cuttlefish tube ifanele uyalela ngasemva okanye ecaleni. Intshukumo kulo mzekelo mazenziwe kumacala ahlukeneyo.

A indlela esebenzisa salpa

Ukwazi indlela esebenzisa salpa. Ngoko wabiza isilwanyana ulwandle unomzimba ngaphaya. Salpa adonsa amanzi xa uqhuba ngokusebenzisa ukuvulwa ngaphambili. Amanzi a umngxuma ububanzi, yaye phakathi zicwangciswe oko kwikonw ngekona iigilizi. Umngxuma ivaliwe xa salpa yenza ukusela enkulu amanzi. ezinqamlezayo Its kunye nezihlunu longitudinal isivumelwano, siyehla umzimba lonke kwesilwanyana. Ngokuthi kuvulwe ngasemva amanzi utyhalelwa nje yangaphandle. Esi silwanyana iqhubekela phambili ngenxa indlela okubangelwa jet.

Esifana - "torpedoes eziphilayo"

Umdla inkulu ke, mhlawumbi, injini ye jet, apho ngelo squid. Esi silwanyana ithathwa ummeli ibalulekileyo lweentlobo zezilwanyana ezingenamqolo kubunzulu ezinkulu olwandle. Le squid navigation lovukelo bafikelelwa kubo kulo kwimfezeko. Nkqu umzimba wesilwanyana kufana rocket nezi fom zazo lwangaphandle. Kunoko, ikhuphelela eyayo i squid irula, njengoko ongowakhe igunya kugxilwe kulo mbandela. Ukuba ufuna ukuhamba kancinane, isilwanyana usebenzisa le fin diamond-ezimile enkulu uyaguqa amaxesha ngamaxesha. Ukuba ufuna aphose ngokukhawuleza ziyabanceda injini ye jet.

Ngeenxa zonke umzimba wenkumba ojikeleze yokwaleka - ijwabu kwezihlunu. Phantse isiqingatha umqulu lilonke umzimba wesilwanyana ukuba umthamo wayo kwisisu. Squid usebenzisa ingubo kwisisu intshukumo, owanyayo amanzi ngaphakathi kuyo. Emva koko kabukhali uphosa ochwetheziweyo umlambo wamanzi ngokusebenzisa umlomo elimxinwa. Ngenxa yoko, siya uphakamisa emva ngesantya esikhulu. Kulo mzekelo, squid wongezelela zonke nemisipha yawo 10 phezu kwiyunithi yakho entloko ukuze abe imilo zihambe. Njengenxalenye esatsiba unalo isivingco okhethekileyo, kunye nezihlunu isilwanyana kaThixo uphendule ngayo. Ngaloo ndlela ukutshintsha indlela intshukumo.

Isantya squid encomekayo

Ndimele ndithi ukuba injini squid nenoqoqosho kakhulu. Isantya, leyo iyakwazi ukuphuhlisa, unako ukufikelela 60-70 km / h. Abanye abaphandi baye bade wacebisa ukuba ukuze ube ukuya ku-150 km / h. Njengoko ubona, i-squid akulolize ebizwa ngokuba "inomzimba live". Kokuba zijikeleziswe kwelo cala, ayeguqa phantsi, phezulu, ngasekhohlo, okanye nemisipha ekunene siphindwe msebe.

Njengoko ulawula intshukumo ye squid

Ekubeni kuthelekiswa nobungakanani isilwanyana esi ivili elikhulu kunene, ukuya squid kulula ukunqanda ingozi isikhubekiso, nokuba ihamba ngesantya esiphezulu, kufuneka kuphela okungephi ivili lokuqhuba. Ukuba uvula kabukhali, isilwanyana nangoko sukela kwicala elahlukileyo. Kalmar uyagoba umva ekupheleni ifanele ibe ngenxa yoko kusenokufuneka sehla headfirst. Ukuba vygnet oko kulungile, uya kuphoselwa jet saliphosa ekhohlo. Noko ke, xa kufuneka ukuba uye ngokukhawuleza, Nefaneli isoloko tye phakathi nemisipha. Esi silwanyana, kule meko umsila nemikhanzi phambili ngathi umhlaza run-imbaleki, ukuba uthe waba né ihashe.

Kwimeko xa esifana rush angafunekiyo kunye cuttlefish qubha unduliruya apho amaphiko. Front ukuba umva ndigila wave ezincinane ngayo. Squid kunye cuttlefish glide inyathela. Bathi kuphela wambi ukuzityhala amanzi aphilileyo, nto leyo ulahlelwa phandle phantsi iingubo zabo. amaqhuma ngabanye ukuba mollusc ufumana kuqhambuko Jets yamanzi, ngamaxesha ezinjalo ibonakale ngokucacileyo.

squid flying

Ezinye izilwanyana bayakwazi ukukhawulezisa ukuya ku-55 km / h. Akukho namnye ibonakala ukwenza imilinganiselo ngqo, kodwa eli nani sinako fowunela olusekelwe kumgama nesantya ophaphazelayo squid. Kubonakala ukuba kukho nazo ezinjalo. Kalmar stenotevtis yeyona umqhubi ilungileyo zonke yesilwanyana saselwandle esineqokobhe. oomatiloshe IsiNgesi sikubiza flying squid (squid Flying). Esi silwanyana, ifoto yayo uchazwe apha ngasentla, kuba yayimfutshane ngesithomo, kunye malunga herring. Yena wakhawuleza lakha iintlanzi eza futhi ephuma emanzini ethwelwe yi utolo ngasentla kumphezulu wayo. Loo iqhinga isebenzisa naxa lisoyikiswa ezidla - tuna kunye mackerel. Ukuphuhlisa ubukhulu ingalo torque reaction emanzini, squid iqala emoyeni uze iimpukane kwama-50 ubude ukusuka amaza. Kulo mzekelo, i apogee ukusaba yayo liphezulu kangangokuba ngokufuthi squid ezibhabhayo wabetha iinqanawa kumgangatho. Le ukuphakama kuyimitha 4-5 kubo - hayi ingxelo. Ngamanye amaxesha esifana flying inokubhabha lingaphezulu.

UGqr Rice, saselwandle esineqokobhe umphandi evela United Kingdom, kwinqaku lakhe zenzululwazi wachaza ummeli kwezi zilwanyana, ubude Umzimba 16 kuphela cm. Noko ke, wakwazi ukubhabha umgama elifanelekileyo emoyeni phambi igqampe phezu ibhulorho le yacht. Ukuphakama ibhulorho phantse 7 eemitha!

Kukho iimeko xa inqanawa iwela nje eninzi squid ezibhabhayo. Trebius Niger, umbhali wamandulo kanye waxelela ibali elibuhlungu yenqanawa ebonakala ayikwazanga kuthwala ubunzima yezi zilwanyana zaselwandle kunye yazika. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, loo squid bakwazi ukuthatha off ngaphandle overclocking.

ngwane flying

Kwakhona ilifa ukukwazi ukubhabha ngwane. Jean Verani, a semvelo French, lalibukele xa omnye wabo clocked lemoto yakhe, uze emva koko watsiba ngesiquphe ephuma emanzini. Animal wachaza i arc emoyeni malunga kweemitha ezi-5 kwaye ke owaphosa zima. Octopus, ukuqokelela kuyimfuneko ukwenzela isantya xhuma, bafudukela nje kuphela saliphosa jet. Ngamaza Kwakhona kunye nemisipha zabo. Ngwane baggy, ngoko ziyabuya unobubi ngaphezu squid, kodwa amathuba abalulekileyo, yaye ezi zilwanyana bayakwazi ukunika bunzima le sprinter ilungileyo. abasebenzi akwariyam California yayifuna ukuthatha imifanekiso kwengwane, ehlasela unonkala. Noko ke, octopus, yokugoqoza ixhoba, liphuhlise loo ngesantya ukuba iifoto, nkqu kulawulo ezikhethekileyo zabahambela kufiphale kancinane. Oku kuthetha ukuba umqulu yathatha into lemizuzwana!

Nangona kunjalo, le ngwane ngokuqhelekileyo ukuqubha kancinci. Scientific Saynl uYosefu apho kwengwane yokufudukela bafunda, wafumanisa ukuba octopus, ubukhulu oziimitha ezili-0.5, ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise ngesantya avareji malunga ne-15 km / h. jet nganye yamanzi, apho uyabagxotha indebe, wayithimba phambili (ukuba ngqo ngakumbi, emva, njengoko ndiyihlanganise ndiyidadise umva) kwindawo ethile kwi m 2-2.5.

"Cucumber Crazy"

Jet basafunda indalo kunye nobuchwepheshe zinokujongwa besebenzisa imizekeliso yakhe, imizekelo ihlabathi kwezityalo. Enye edumileyo - iziqhamo zeento ekuthiwa cucumber mad. Bona shaya off likhaba kwi touch encinane. Emva koko, le nto ngenxa kulo mngxuma ngamandla amakhulu aphoswe ngaphandle ulwelo ekhethekileyo yokuncamathelisa, leyo iqulathe imbewu. Sam cucumber iyabhabha imke kwelinye icala ukuba umgama ukuya m 12.

Umthetho ulondolozo oluqhubekekayo

Qiniseka ukuba bakuxelele ngayo, kokuqwalasela injini ye jet kwindalo kunye nobuchwepheshe. Ulwazi womthetho yolondolozo umfutho likuvumela ukuba utshintshe, ingakumbi, isantya yethu intshukumo amacebo, senza ukuba kukho isithuba esivulekileyo na. Umzekelo, ukuba bahleli isikhephe kufuneka ube amatye ezimbalwa. Ukuba bazilahlele kwicala elithile, intshukumo isikhephe iya kuba kwicala elahlukileyo. Ke umda enze lo mthetho. Nakuba kunjalo, kukho zisetyenziselwa le njongo rocket iinjini.

Yiyiphi eminye imizekelo Kungaba liphathwe intshukumo yovukelo kwindalo kunye nobuchwepheshe? Kakhulu yokulondolozwa kakuhle umfutho eboniswa umzekelo umpu.

Njengoko usazi, edubuleyo kuwo njalo luhambisana ukubuya. Zicingele Ubunzima bullet bekuya kuba elilingana ubunzima umpu. Kulo mzekelo, ngebaba saa emacaleni kunye ngesantya esifanayo. Zesenzo kukuba kuba kudala amandla lovukelo, kukho njengoko uphoswe yi ubunzima. Ngalo eli gunya ibonelelwa intshukumo kwi ongenawo umoya isithuba, kwaye emoyeni. Okuya uba mkhulu umsantsa isantya ubunzima neegesi elibaleka, amandla bahlehla ukuba uziva zethu kwakhona. Ngako oko, le amandla abasabela ephakamileyo, ngokuqina indlela nompu.

Phupha okubhabha emajukujukwini

Jet basafunda indalo kunye nobuchwepheshe sele iminyaka emininzi njengomthombo inkuthazo ukuze izazinzulu. Kwiinkulungwane ezininzi uluntu waphupha okubhabha emajukujukwini. Ukusetyenziswa jet basafunda kwindalo kunye nethekhinoloji, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukukholwa, ukuba akakhange azisebenzise ngokwayo.

Oku kwaqala nge ephupheni. ababhali fiction Science ambalwa eminyaka edlulileyo yasinika iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngendlela ukuphumeza le njongo ezinqwenelekayo. Ngenkulungwane ye-17, Sirano De Berzherak, umbhali French, wadala ibali ukubhabha ukuya enyangeni. isimilo sakhe sifika satellite komhlaba, esebenzisa inqwelo kaloliwe. Ngaphezu kwesi sakhiwo, wayesoloko bephosa umazibuthe olomeleleyo. Nqwelwana, endinomdla kuyo, waphakama ngaphezu komhlaba enyuka ngokunyuka. Ekugqibeleni, wafika iNyanga. Omnye umlinganiswa odumileyo, uBaron Munchausen, akhwela enyangeni kwi sesiqu sembotyi.

Kakade ke, ngelo xesha akazange bazi lukhulu malunga nendlela yokusebenzisa i-Jet basafunda kwindalo kunye nobugcisa uyakwazi ukwenza ubomi lula. Kodwa ukuphapha engayiwayo, Kakade ke, ivula lawo ezintsha.

Endleleni eya ukufunyanwa ebalaseleyo

E China ngasekupheleni 1 kwiwaka. e. Siye owavela basafunda jet, okubangela amanyathelo lomphehlelelo. Le ngcamango ngoqalo elula, ezibe wafaka kunye kwazo. Ezi izikhali zaziswa for fun. Injini ye jet yasetyenziswa kwenye iiprojekthi imoto yokuqala. Le mbono fanele ku Newton.

Malunga nendlela jet basafunda kwindalo kwaye iteknoloji ophakamayo, kwengcinga kwaye NI Kibalchich. Le revolution Russian, umbhali we idrafti yokuqala moya jet, eyenzelwe ukuba ukubhabha kuye umntu. Mbuso, ngelishwa, oko wabulawa Aprili 3, 1881. Kibalchicha ummangalelwa ukuba nenxaxheba kokubulawa Alexander II. Sele entolongweni belindele ukubulawa isigwebo sokufa, waqhubeka ukuhlola isenzeko umdla ukuba njengoko jet basafunda kwindalo kunye kubuchwepheshe esivulekayo esekungcoleni kwento. Ngenxa yezi ziphumo, waba msebenzi wakhe. Kibalchich wabhala ukuba le ngcamango ixhaswa naye isikhundla sakhe. Ukulungele ukuhlangabezana ukufa kwakhe ngokuzola, esazi ukuba ubhaqo ezibalulekileyo ezifana abazange sife naye.

Ukuphunyezwa imibono vaakelani va

Kubonakaliswa jet basafunda kwindalo kunye nobuchwepheshe kwaqhubeka ukufunda K. E. Tsiolkovsky (photo oko lumelwe ngasentla). Emva kwenkulungwane yama-20, i-nzulu omkhulu Russian ecetywayo ingcamango usebenzisa imijukujelwa yokubalekela isithuba. wabonakala isihloko sakhe ngalo mbandela ngo-1903. Kwagqitywa amelwe quadratic zezibalo, nto leyo yaba yeyona ibalulekileyo astronautics. Yinto namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba "ifomula Tsiolkovsky". Le equation ichaza isindululo umzimba kokuba enobunzima variable. Xa imisebenzi yakhe emva kwakhe Wayisondeza motor yesekethe irula, ukusebenza kwisibaso ulwelo. Tsiolkovsky wayefunda ukusetyenziswa jet basafunda kwindalo kunye nobuchwepheshe, ukuba iphuhlise multi-kwinqanaba yoyilo irula. Kwakhona owasungula ingcamango yethuba ye-Umhlaba kufuphi isithuba komzila mizi yonke. Ezo kwafika nezityhilelo Scientist, ukufunda jet basafunda kwindalo kunye nobugcisa. Izikhali njengoko Tsiolkovsky wabonisa - kuphela izixhobo ukuba boyise amandla womxhuzulane. Irula yena ichazwa njengendlela yokuba injini ye jet, apho ibekwe phezu kwayo isebenzisa amafutha kunye oxidizer. Le izixhobo iguqula amandla eekhemikhali sisibaso, nto leyo ke amandla agciniweyo ye jet igesi. Missile ngokwayo oko iqala ukufudukela kwelinye icala.

Okokugqibela, le izazinzulu wafunda intshukumo lwemizimba kwi yovukelo lwendalo kunye nobuchwepheshe, waya ndiyakwenza. It kwakufuneka enze umsebenzi omkhulu wokuphunyezwa iphupha elide-emi lwabantu. Kwaye kukho iqela zezazinzulu Soviet elikhokelwa Academician S. P. Korolevym, wawenza. Kuye kwenziwe ingcamango Tsiolkovsky. Isathelayithi yokuqala eyenziwe ngumntu iplanethi yethu sele zifakiwe kwi-USSR, Oktobha 4, 1957 Kakade ke, imijukujelwa ukusetyenziswa.

Yu. A. Gagarin (ingasentla) lo mntu waba njengelungelo ukwenza ukubhabha yokuqala emajukujukwini. Kubalulekile ukuba isiganeko ihlabathi kwenzeka Aprili 12, 1961. Gagarin kwi satellite-iziphekepheke "Vostok" ozibiyele jikelele. I-USSR yaba lilizwe lokuqala apho rocket yafikelela inyanga, ozibiyele engeenxa zonke kuyo futhi izithombe icala, ingabonakali uMhlaba. Ukongeza, kwaye kwi Venus kuqala ndandiyindwendwela kwaba Russian. Bamzisa kumphezulu lo mhlaba izixhobo zenzululwazi. usomajukujuku American Neil Armstrong - umntu wokuqala kumphezulu iNyanga kaThixo. Wamisa kuyo ngoJulayi 20, 1969. Ngowe-1986, i "Vega-1" kunye "Vega-2" (imikhumbi ukuba USSR) bahlola up enomsila kufutshane Halley ukuba osondela Sun kuphela qho kwiminyaka 76. ukuhlolwa iyaqhubeka ...

Njengoko ubona, kubalulekile kakhulu kwaye nenzululwazi olunoluncedo physics. Jet basafunda kwindalo kunye neteknoloji - oku nje yenye imiba umdla kuxoxwa kuyo. Kwaye ukuze kuzuzwe esi isayensi kakhulu, kubaluleke kakhulu.

Njengoko kusetyenziswa namhlanje intshukumo esebenzayo nendalo nezobugcisa

Physics, oktrytiya kubaluleke ngokukhethekileyo ukuba yenziwe kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. Nangona indalo zitshintshe kangako, lezobuchwepheshe likhula ngokukhawuleza. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, lo mgaqo jet basafunda lisetyenziswa kuphela izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo kunye nezityalo, kodwa aerospace kunye mboni. Emajukujukwini akukho medium ukuba umzimba zingasetyenziswa ukuhlangana ukutshintsha ubukhulu kunye nezikhokelo Velocity yayo. Yiloo nto kuphela rocket ingasetyenziswa yokusabela ongenawo umoya isithuba.

Namhlanje eli isetyenziswa jet basafunda kubomi bemihla ngemihla, ubume kunye nobugcisa. Ngoko asiyo oyimfihlo ngaphambili. Noko ke, abantu akayeki apho. Phambi lwexa elizayo ezintsha. Ngethemba, le injini ye jet kwindalo kunye technology ngokufutshane esichazwe nqaku liza kukhuthaza umntu phezu izinto ezintsha.