Sobulumko Darendorf Ralf: engobomi, iifoto kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Darendorf Ralf - bulumko eyaziwayo kunye nokuhlalisana ye ekuhleni German-IsiNgesi. Kwakhona idume imisebenzi kwinzululwazi yezopolitiko, kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwizinto ezenzeka kubomi boluntu. YOBOMI sokuba nguMlawuli we-German lwezenhlalo Society, kubanjelwa Bundestag, ibinguNobhala of State, iSebe leMicimbi yangaPhandle lePalamente. Izilingo, phakathi wabaseki University of Constance.

intsha Dahrendorf

Darendorf Ralf wazalwa ngo-1929, ngomhla woku-1 Meyi. Uyise Gustav waye kwi Social Democratic Party of eJamani, emelwe yi naye kwipalamente German. Noko ke, ngo-1933, wayeka umsebenzi wakhe njengoko wathetha esidlangalaleni nxamnye nomthetho ukunika amagunya olungxamisekileyo kurhulumente. Ngesi oyilwayo amandla kweli lizwe loyiswa zidluliselwe kurhulumente Adolf Hitler. Dahrendorf uyise kuphela bamchasa esidlangalaleni umthetho oyilwayo, kodwa wavotelwa nayo epalamente. Emva weza amandla lokugqibela ngamaNazi, wabanjwa waza waphulukana nomsebenzi wakhe.

Ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II, intsapho yakowabo yafudukela Ralph Bukov. Esikolweni, kwezentlalo oneminyaka eli-14 ubudala elizayo ithathe inxaxheba kwiphulo lokulwa ngamaNazi, waba amaphetshana. Uyise wayesebenza kuloo minyaka ezimele. Kodwa ke wabanjwa kwakhona emva kokuba ukungaphumeleli "Liyelenqe njengele" xa July 20, 1944 baqhuba komzamo kwi uMlawuli. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwamalungu yenkcaso isiJamani babulawa okanye zinganakwa.

ukumbamba

Darendorf Ralf ngo-1944, wabanjwa, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ulutsha yakhe entolongweni akayi wathunyelwa. Ukuze ixesha elide wabetha bee ebibanjelwe enkampini kufutshane kwilali Shvetig de akhululwa amabutho yiSoviet.

uyise Ralph yaba iqela azinikele ezisingise kwindibano kwindawo yiSoviet ze-Social Democratic Party of Jamani ndawonye German. Ukugqithela eBerlin intsapho Hamburg Dahrendorf wanceda emkhosini yaseBritani. Apho Ralf baphumelela iimviwo yaye wafumana idiploma kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo.

Ngowe-1948, Ralph wayeshiye eJamani, wafudukela eNgilani, apho waqalisa ukufunda kule nkqubo eziye amalungiselelo ngokukodwa ukuba amaJamani, ababekulo kwindawo kuphathe iBrithani.

imfundo ephakamileyo

Ukufumana imfundo ephakamileyo Darendorf Ralf waqala University of Hamburg. Apho, wafunda intanda bamandulo mihla. Ngowe-1952 wamela ithisisi yakhe, ukwishiba iimfundiso Karla Marksa.

Emva koko ndafudukela eLondon, apho wayefunda yokuhlalisana. Wafunda kwi Popper kunye Marshall, le yokugqibela wakhonza njengomfundi iziqu.

Ngowe-1956 wamela ithisisi yakhe, ndaba isifundo wakhe abasebenzi abanamava kushishino yaseBritani. Ukongeza, le ngezentlalo Darendorf Ralf wafunda eziklasini nongquzulwano kwazo izinto zoluntu mveliso. Ngowe-1957, lo msebenzi phambi ukufumana isidanga zobugqirha.

Xa imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala Dahrendorf ugxeke Marx kunye neengcamango zakhe. Ukususela kowe-1957 ukuya 1958 waba umqeqeshwa kwi-Centre for Research kwi behavioural Sciences e Palo Alto.

umsebenzi wezopolitiko

Darendorf Ralf, yaziwa ngcono ngokuba umqhubi iingcamango zobunene ogama biography ekuqaleni edityaniswe kwi German Social Democratic Party kunye Socialist Union of abafundi German nangoku kwezopolitiko.

Ngowe-1967 waba lilungu Free Democratic Party. Ngenkuthalo babesebenza kwakhona yokuqhelwaniswa pati 70s ekuqaleni. Kuloo minyaka, i ngezentlalo Darendorf Ralf, ifoto apho ngelo xesha ethandwa kakhulu, baba Bulelani edumileyo kwiingxoxo kunye neenkokeli intshukumo ka 1968. Omnye abachasi bakhe Rudi Dutschke - yezopolitiko German abangabaxhasi bakaMarx kunye ngezentlalo, ngubani wabubhekisa eWest eBerlin intshukumo umfundi.

Ngowe-1968, Dahrendorf wonyulwa kwiPalamente yelizwe Baden-Württemberg. Nkqubo ekwandiseni benkululeko. Noko ke, kungekudala beyekile ngokwegunya yabo, waba ilungu Bundestag - indibano German Federal wepalamente.

Urhulumente Villi Brandta Dahrendorf wakhonza njengoNobhala zePalamente kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa weMicimbi Foreign. Ngowe-1970, waye wajoyina i-ofisi eBrussels yaseYurophu Commissioner for Economic Society. Ophetheyo yakhe phezu kurhwebo lwehlabathi yaseYurophu kunye nobudlelwane ngamazwe.

Uphando nokufundisa

Ngowe-1974 wemka kwezopolitiko kunye nobomi yoluntu, skontsentirirovavshis ngomsebenzi wophando kunye nokufundisa. Wema kwi intloko School of Economics e London, apho wayesebenza kangangeminyaka eli-10. Emva koko wasebenza iminyaka emibini kwiYunivesithi Konstanz, ngoko - eNew York. Ukususela 1987 ukuya 1989 yakhokelela njengoko yiNgqonyela of the College kwiYunivesithi Oxford. Parallel yaye usesikhundleni usekela-Umphathi eyunivesithi.

Ngowe-1982 waba wawongwa Order of the Empire British ezandleni Queen Elizabeth II. Kuba abemi lwaseBritani ilingana kwisihloko ungunyana wabanumzana. Ukususela ngo-1988, wathabatha ngabemi yaseBritani, eziveliswe oontanga ebomini waza wafumana itayitile baron kwisithili London of Westminster.

Phambi ko-1987, ikhokelwa ngu Fridriha Naumana Foundation, ezinxulumene ne Free Democratic Party eJamani. Ukuba ngummi yaseBritani, waye wajoyina i-Enesisa Democratic Party - IsiNgesi amandla wesithathu yezopolitiko.

Ngowe-1989, i-sobulumko Darendorf Ralf wawongwa uSigmund Freud. Yaziswa imisebenzi yakhe enzululwazi zavavanywa. Ngowe-1997 waphumelela iimviwo zokuphela Teodora Hoysa Prize, ikhomishini waphawula umsebenzi wayo koluntu kunye nezentlalo-nezopolitiko.

Jobs Naumann Foundation

Namhlanje Naumann Foundation isebenza kumazwe angaphezu kwama-60 ehlabathini lonke. Ngokubanzi, xa amazwe Central, Eastern noMzantsi-Eastern Yurophu. Ikomkhulu Potsdam Truman kwi villa.

Eyona engundoqo izihloko ze-mali, nto leyo ekhuthaza Dahrendorf, le inkululeko, impahla, uluntu ngobubanzi kunye nokulawula komthetho.

Eyona njongo yayo iphambili - ukomeleza uluntu ngokubanzi. Oku kuphunyezwe, kuqala kwiinto zonke, nempembelelo ethile kwinqanaba mpikiswano yoluntu. Kwakhona kunye neenkqubo zedemokhrasi kunye yoqoqosho olukhulu ngentsebenziswano amaziko kunye namaziko ophando.

imisebenzi yesayensi

Sobulumko Darendorf Ralf, ogama engobomi kunxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo nenzululwazi yale mihla, umphandi ezaziwayo-kakuhle thiyori ungquzulwano lwentlalo. ISAZINZULU wathi impi nelingenakutsitywa nayiphi na inkqubo yolawulo.

Isiseko ungquzulwano lwentlalo, ngokutsho kwakhe, ilele kwizithuba ezahlukeneyo zentlalo zabantu ezahlukeneyo. Abanye abantu babe namandla kunye nokukwazi ukulawula, uninzi kula malungelo efanayo apho. Isiphumo soku ngxabano uba ukuqhubela phambili kwale ntswela lwangaphakathi eluntwini - Dahrendorf lamanqaku.

Kukho ngobulungisa ekwabelaneni lokugqibela lwamandla kuyinyaniso ingakumbi xa ekuhlaleni akukho ngunontlalontle lift nkqo.

Indlela ukujongana iingxabano ekuhlaleni?

Dahrendorf ukholelwa ukuba ukusombulula ingxaki weziphithiphithi zentlalo eluntwini kunokwenzeka. Ngaphezu koko, kufuneka ukuba naphaya kwaye kwakhona kwicala elifanelekileyo. Indima ephambili kule yabelwa amaziko zikarhulumente zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa, apho kuyimfuneko ukuba kuqulunqwe i ulandelelwano olufanelekileyo izenzo ngasinye amaqela.

Xa wayethetha ungquzulwano lwentlalo iingongoma ezimbalwa. Inyathelo lokuqala kukuba kuqwalaselwe izilangazelelo zabo bachasayo amaqela. Okwesibini - umbutho. Yaye okwesithathu, eyona nto ibalulekileyo - nokunikezelwa ngamandla. Isiphumo ingxabano nganye kufuneka ibe utshintsho kwintlalo yoluntu.