"Esizenzekelayo" Kukhulu mba eziphilayo ngandlela ithile. Ngoko ke, asimele musa ukuba, xa siphefumla, musa ukulawula ukubetha kwentliziyo kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi. Kwaye yintoni ke sisiseko nokuziphatha ethile? Xa senza endinceda indlela ye ukuyilwa ingqondo conditioner. Kubulungisa kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba lo mbandela ayikho lula, yaye bonke abantu ukuthabatheka kufuneka isibindi, phambi kokufunda inqaku.
ulwazi jikelele
Makhe sithethe iindlela komzimba of ukubunjwa ingqondo conditioner. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kanjalo ukuba esi sihloko kumba kunye nokuqonda indlela yokusebenza ifanele ibe ukuqonda inani elibalulekileyo amabakala alo. Ayikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ezibambe obukhulu theoretical component. Makhe siqale. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kuthi apha nqaku receptor. Xa amandla kushukunyiswa mkhulu nje amandla ethile kunongeno, excitation kwenzeka. Uqala ukusasaza inkqubo ethe mazigqithiselwe CNS (inkqubo luvo). Emva koko, lo impendulo - yokusabela reflex. Le excitation ukuba wenza izinto kwindawo ethile, kulungiswe iziko imizwa sensory bengengabo umzimba, kodwa inxalenye encinane kuphela. Njengomgaqo, ukufumana iinkcukacha ezithile sites effector.
Iimpawu zomzimba
Inzala kuthi kube nendlela ukuyilwa uxhulumaniso okwethutyana. Le reflex moya unalo peculiarity ukuba nesimo ngamnye (isandi, ukukhanya okanye ezinye) ukufumana ixabiso uphawu phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Xa bathe baba yinto esahlala, ebizwa impendulo okhethekileyo. Kunokuba injini, secretory, ukutya, ukuzithethelela njalo njalo. Nanku umzekelo: kamsinya nje siyeva ukuba siye sicelwe ukuba badle, isebenze stimulus cala kwaye iqala ukwenza reflex amathe. Ukhe wehlelwa yinto efanayo xa sisenza yezemidlalo. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba uyaqonda ukuba inani loadings akuthethi bunciphe, kwaye uqalisa ngokusondeleyo esweni izinga kwentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi, ngamandla metabolic njalo njalo. Ezinye zezi utshintshwano sikwazi ukuva ngokwakho. Ngoko ke, kuyimfuneko ukuba ndingabaleka ngokukhawuleza amakhulu ambalwa meters, njengoko intliziyo kufuneka abe ngokoqobo ungatsiba esifubeni sakhe. Kuxhomekeke ingqondo conditioner.
imizekelo engaphezulu
Makhe Walk yokuqala ngakumbi ingqondo. Zingenako ukuba nje emzimbeni, kodwa engqondweni. Ngoko ke, xa umntu eshiya egumbini, soloko ukucima ukukhanya - reflex. Akaphindi acinge, kodwa ngokuzenzekelayo kwenza zonke izenzo kuyimfuneko. kungancitshiswa Into efanayo kunye nomzekelo inombolo yomnxeba. Ngoko ezingaqhelekanga, kodwa kuyimfuneko ukuba ukucofa manharhu ezisixhenxe ukusuka abambalwa abantu lokuqala liya kuba amandla. Kodwa ukuba inani yababhalisi esisigxina ebalulekileyo (umzekelo, ilungu losapho), ngoko ke, ndiya kuhlelwa kuko ngaphandle ingqalelo lomntu. Oko kukuthi, amanani ziya zitsalelwa yi reflex. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, singatsho ukuba inkcazelo ethile lwabonakala kwinkumbulo yexesha elide kwaye lukhupheka ngokulula ukusuka apho i-sub-inkqubo eyongezelelweyo umsebenzi kwengqondo.
Njani ukuba kuvela?
Makhe sijonge iimeko indlela ukuyilwa ingqondo conditioner. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kule zezi:
- udityaniso-phindo stimulus lingenandaba kunye impendulo eyenziwe ngaphambili.
- usempilweni.
- A ngexesha elithile, enika ithuba 'uyitshaje "i-arhente akanankathalo.
- Ukungabikho ezinye iintlobo umsebenzi ngamandla e-nervous system.
- inqanaba olwaneleyo excitability.
- Ngasentla-umbundu ngobunzulu isivuseleli conditioner.
Enyanisweni, ukuba "hook" umzimba womntu kunzima. Oku kungenxa yokuba phezu komhlaba ulusu kulo inani elikhulu iintsholongwane. Kwaye ukuba ke ngokugqithiseleyo, andazi abanye kuthi. Kwakhona badumileyo kukuba kule meko efanayo ikhaliphe ezilandelayo ziyaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. ngezantya kodwa ezahlukeneyo.
isimiso ukusebenza
Makhe sijonge indlela ukuyilwa kwento reflex conditioner of Pavlov. Eli gama ntsapho yaziwa ukuba abaninzi. Kodwa yintoni na lo mntu odumileyo? Efanisa ukuyilwa ikhaliphe moya kunye nomsebenzi we-neuron. Kwaye akukho uxanduva liphela, nezibilini zayo ngabanye. Ngenxa yoko, kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba abo bathatha inxaxheba arc ikhaliphe olungenamiqathango kwaye kwemiqathango. Phakathi kwazo kukho unxibelelwano yethutyana kunye ezihamba ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kutheni kunjalo? Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba kuya kubakho Ukuqinisa, ngoko izakulahleka. arc nganye peculiarity yayo. Ngoko ke, oku ukusebenzisa umqondiso kusengaphambili okanye unyanzeliso unconditioned. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ulwalamano asakhulayo isebenza kumgaqo yonxulumano lubalaseleyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kukhokelela inkangeleko impendulo reflex conditioner. Ngoko ke kuphosakele ukuthetha "arc olunemiqathango reflex." iindlela ukubunjwa ezingu ebandakanya amacandelo amabini.
Umzekelo model
Njani le Isazinzulu ukucinga nto? Mhlawumbi abaninzi beva eli binzana - "inja (a) Pavlova". Oku reference eyinyaniso kwihlabathi imizekelo malunga ingqondo. Isazinzulu wafunda inkqubo yokwetyisa. Wathi ke xa kufika ukukhanya, ebonisa malunga nonikezelo lokutya, i izinja aqale zivuze izinkcwe. Ke ukuba abathanga ukufumana ukutya, ukuvuza izinkcwe uya kusengenzeka. Scientist abanomdla le nyaniso engaqhelekanga, yaye ngo-1903 waza isaziso malunga indlela reflex ehlabathini lonke. Izazinzulu axabela ngulo lokufumanisa ukuba kunikezelwa kuye Prize Nobel. Ngaphezu koko, ngo-1904. Ekwenziweni komsebenzi, kwaye kwafunyaniswa ukuba izilwanyana ezahlukeneyo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuvelisa ingqondo. Ngoko ke, ukuba izinja kwakufuneka enze udityaniso 10-20. Kule meko ke ikhaliphe zilandelayo kwasekwa ngokukhawuleza. ziphumo ifunyenwe ngokuphathelele umntu ukuba banele kwaye indibaniselwano zizinto (molo isazinzulu British).
yokuphepha Iimpawu
Indlela yokuba ukubunjwa reflex conditioner yi kokulwa zizinto rhoqo, nto leyo eya kunyanzelisa imiphumo asakhulayo. Ngokuphathelele izinja, kwafunyaniswa ukuba ngokupheleleyo xesha lebanga imizuzwana 5-10. Kwakhona, nceda uqaphele ukuba kwiimeko apho nokushukunyiswa nokuqinisa ukuqala ukusebenza phambi akanankathalo, le ikhaliphe moya eziveliswa nakanye. Leyo ke peculiarity eziphilayo. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba imfundo unxibelelwano kakhulu phakathi jike kwenzeka xa umzimba ithandile. Xa kwaqatshelwa nobuthongo zingajongwa ukuba ikhaliphe enemiqathango kwenzeka kancinci okanye hayi kwaphela kumiswa kuphawula. Kunjalo wathi kuloo mntu. Nantsi into enokuthethwa malunga indlela ukuyilwa ingqondo conditioner.
ulwazi bafaka emfutshane kweli nqaku unika kuphela ulwazi isimo, kwaye ukuba unomdla nesihloko, kuyenzeka ukuba aqhelane imisebenzi yesayensi - baba umdla kakhulu kwaye ulwazi. Kwakhona, iingxaki ezithile kubonakala, ukuba luvo kugcwele kumaziko angabhaliswanga ezinxulumene ingqondo moya. Ngoko ke, xa phambi inja ushiya ikati yaye iglowubhu yesibane, bona izinkcwe yenzekile. Kunjalo enokuthethwa indoda kanye sisaxakeke yimicimbi bakhe.
ukuphazamiseka
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lokusekwa ikhaliphe moya zinikwe kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ukulungele ukuqhuba le ephilayo. Ngoko ke, xa ujonga kwi imeko inja, ngamathe kwenzeka kuphela kwiimeko xa yezilwanyana sikarhulumente bazila. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuba iziko lokutya yimincili. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ebuthathaka kuba isivuseleli, icotha iya kuyilwa ikhaliphe moya (okanye baya jikelele awunakwenziwa). Kwaye isiphumo kulo mzekelo ayikho izinzile. Asimele ngoyaba into yokuba ubukho zizinto kakhulu ngokugqithiseleyo kunokukhokelela oko kuya kumiselwa indlela bephile (zokuzikhusela) unyathela. Oku kunefuthe elibi ukuyilwa ingqondo conditioner.
Isiseko ukuyilwa
Yintoni na indlela ukuyilwa ikhaliphe moya, oko kukuthi alpha kule nkqubo? Kulo mzekelo, icala komzimba lo mba kuya kusinceda kancinane. Kuyimfuneko ukuba lokuhlolisisa kwinqanaba molecule kakade. Ngoko ke, xa abaninzi iinkalo enkosi ukulungiswa kwe ulwazi olugcinwe ribonucleic acid. Ukuba imali yayo emzimbeni buwela, kulandele zisiba ukusebenza ukufunda izilwanyana elebhu. Kwakhona kule nkqubo ezichaphazelekayo kwiCerebellum, striatum njalo njalo. Kodwa ingentla isingise kuphela ukuba izilwanyana asezantsi. Xa ezincancisayo kunye nomntu emva kwayo, njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ukuba uthinte uxanduva. Baya kudlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kodwa hayi amaqumrhu kuphela ukuba aguqulelwe le njongo. B ukuze zisetyenziswe njengenye indlela ekwakhiweni reticular. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhlola kwi zizinja, kwafunyaniswa ukuba xa susa zifaka palsy, ukuba ibe reflex conditioner. Kodwa kuphela kakhulu elula.
isiphelo
Owu, emangalisayo, inkqubo yethu luvo! Kubonakala - elula! A re-ukwenza nto, okanye qala khubaza kodwa thina asikwazi. Kodwa ke into nje ixesha - uphando ngakumbi kwaye ekugqibeleni ngeke niqonde ukuba kwaye isebenza njani. Noko ke, ngelishwa, azisoloko mnandi, kwaye uyibambe kuya kufuneka ukufumana abantu sengqondo eyomeleleyo ivenkile kakuhle ulwazi. Kubulungisa kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba nangoku oluqhutywa ngokomdla abantu. Kodwa ke, nangona luncedo yokuntlokothiswa loo nangoku Babengayicekisi iqela elikhulu labantu.