Ekhemisi abadumileyo: biography kunye nempumelelo

Chemistry - isayensi ukuba ixesha elide ukukhonza abantu umsebenzi wabo wemihla ngemihla. Le uqeqesho idlala indima enkulu kumashishini mihla, ngaphandle apho ayikwazanga ayisekho senkcubeko yoluntu. Kodwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu hlobo lophuhliso ekufezile kuphela imisebenzi izazinzulu ezaziwayo-kakuhle, ayezinikele ubomi bakhe ngemichiza.

Avogadro: buchopho evaliweyo

Enye ekhemisi ezigqamileyo yi Amedeo Avogadro. Wazalwa eItali, xa igosa usapho. Ngowe-1792, wafumana isidanga sakhe umthetho. Uyise nayo ibe ingcali eyaziwa kakuhle endle komthetho. Ukuqala umsebenzi kwinkalo yowiso, Avogadro ngexesha lakhe free benza nasekufundweni physics nakwimathematika. Kuphela ngo-1820 wafumana isihloko uNjingalwazi bePhysical ne-Mathematical Sciences.

Famous ekhemisi ngelo xesha waphawula ukuba Avogadro wayengumntu Phendla kakhulu, ngoko abaninzi izimvo zakhe zazicacile kubo. Ngokomthetho kwizangqa zenzululwazi Avogadro ezifunyenwe emva isiqinisekiso ingcamango yakhe edumileyo, kamva yaziwa ngokuba "Umthetho Avogadro kaThixo". Avogadro kwakhona ungacwangcisa inani lamalungu izinto ezininzi imichiza, iye udale indlela yokuqingqa ubunzima eziphilayo.

Biography nophando izinto Boyle

indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso chemistry umdlalo kunye neempumelelo Roberta Boylya. Wazalwa January 25, 1627 e-Ireland. Esengumntwana, yena abafundileyo ekhaya, yaye emva koko wathunyelwa Eton School, ngokukodwa wadala abantwana basebukhosini lezityebi. Ngowe-1656 URobert Boyle wafudukela Oxford, apho waqalisa ukubonakalisa umdla yakhe physics kanye chemistry. Kukho Boyle esekwe neentlobano wahlobana ngamakhoboka nenzululwazi zizazinzulu abatsha. Bebonke udale uhlobo ofihlakeleyo, apho kamva waba Oxford Research Society.

Famous ekhemisi ngelo xesha kwaqinisekisa ukuba uBoyle akazange nje impikiswano, yaye ziphetshwe nkqu imbambano yenzululwazi ukuba ngokufuthi enxibe ubuntu ezihlekisayo. Boyle wambumba Ingcamango kuthiwa-"corpuscles zaseprayimari" (iiseli esisiseko) kunye 'corpuscles lesibini (imizimba complex). Kwincwadi yakhe osihloko sithi "The Sceptical Chemist" UBoyle okokuqala ichaza iziqalelo - ". Umzimba yokuqala, nto leyo ekhethiweyo enye kwenye" Ukongezelela chemistry, uphando UBoyle swi kwimimandla ngokukhanya, umsindo kunye nombane.

izifundo Werner

Alfred Werner azalwe ngoDisemba 12, 1866 entsatsheni Turner. Emva kokugqiba kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi Werner engena School Technical kwaye unomdla chemistry. Eqala ukuba imifuniselo imichiza kanye ekhaya. Ukongeza, i-nzulu abatsha abanomdla uncwadi kunye bokwakha. Wemithi Alfred Werner wawongwa ngeMbasa kaNobel ukuba negunya yakhe theory nolungelelaniso ekuthiwa njalo-. Ukongeza, Werner udale imfundiso yakhe ye asidi, neziseko zayo, waza wanikela inguqulelo yakhe ye-Table Periodic. Ngowe-1913 wafumana ibhaso le-Nobel.

Impumelelo Niels Bohr Chemistry

ekhemisi abaziwayo ehlabathini lonke unanamhla kunandipha wempumelelo Niels Bohr, owayesaziwa becala ngenxa yophando yakhe endle ye physics. Niels Bohr wadala quantum theory hydrogen atom. Kuyo, wacacisa electron iimpawu ukuphendula ngokwezibalo kungachazwa ezahlukahlukeneyo atom.

Niels Bohr wazalwa ngo-Oktobha 7, 1885 e Copenhagen, xa intsapho ngokwengqondo. Endlwini ngabazali bakhe babedla kubanjwe iingxoxo ngemiba yenzululwazi ngezihloko ezibalulekileyo. Ngoxa ukufunda kwiYunivesithi yase Copenhagen Bohr wafumana Imbasa ye-Danish Academy of Sciences. Okunye ekhemisi aziwayo - ikakhulu Ernest Rutherford - baye bafunda kunye Bohr iziqalelo imibuzo radioactivity kunye nesakhiwo atomic.

Svante Arrhenius - yemichiza evela Sweden

Omnye umphengululi owaziwayo entsimini zemichiza - Svante Arrhenius. Wazalwa Februwari 19, 1859 in Uppsala. Ngowe-1876 wabhalisa zeYunivesithi, neenyanga ezintandathu ngaphambili wafumana isidanga Philosophy. Ukususela ngowe-1881 Arrhenius uqalisa isifundo izisombululo zolwelo of electrolytes e Stockholm Institute of Physics. Ngowe-1903, i-nzulu wawongwa ngeMbasa kaNobel umbhali thiyori dissociation electrolytic.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Arrhenius waba umlinganiswa elungileyo-natured and ochwayithileyo. Ngelo xesha, ke wayengaziwa kuphela nje umphengululi kodwa njengoko umbhali weencwadi kunye namanqaku kwi ngeenkwenkwezi namayeza. Izazinzulu ziye wabona kudala imichiza impumelelo yakhe: umzekelo, imibono yakhe kabukhali wagxeka Mendeleev. Kamva afika ukuba izimvo abaphandi zenza isiseko esitsha, ebizwa ngokuba yi-Proton, iziseko nethiyori chemistry.