Ukulungiswa ethylene

Ethylene okanye ethene - yinto enemibala emihle, igesi ezinokutsha kunye Muscat wobulali kunye nevumba elimnandi. ifomula Its chemical C2H4. Ethene ke alkene elula (hydrocarbon ezihluthiyo ukuba bond enye kabini phakathi athom carbon ezikufutshane). mass izinyo - 28,05 g / Mol. Lokunyibilika - -169,2 ° C, abilayo ubushushu - -103,7 ° C. Flashpoint - -136 ° C, loo autoignition - +542,8 ° C. Ngowe-1680, I. Berger (ugqirha isiJamani kunye ekhemesti) of ethyl utywala xa baboniswa ngeoli vitriol (abizwa ngelixa sulphuric acid) kuqala yenzeke ekufumaneni ethylene evela ethanol. Le ndlela yokubala noshowo ethylene ngo-1860, ukuseka Russian yemichiza A. M. Butlerov indlela imethyl iodide ngobhedu. Le igesi elula kancinane komoya, oko ayiqondakali enyibilikayo emanzini, organic izinyibilikisi, - elungileyo.

ethylene Ukulungiselela kunye nokufunda iimpahla zazo, ekuqaleni enxulumene ngenkulungwane ye-19 kuye kwakhokelela namhlanje ukuba ethylene yeyona organic compound kakhulu ethandwa. imveliso yalo lonke sele ifikelele ngaphezu kwezigidi 109 iitoni ngo-2006. Namhlanje, ukufumana ethylene uyaqhubeka ngokwanda. Ngo-2010, yavelisa akukho iinkampani ngaphantsi kwe-117 kumazwe 55. Ethylene sisetyenziswe izinto ekrwada ekuvelisweni polyethylenes of sevilene koxinzelelo oluphezulu nezisezantsi kunye nezinye izinto polymeric afunyenwe kwinkqubo copolymerization kunye comonomers ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa ethylbenzene kunye styrene, ethylene oxide, IVinyl chloride, IVinyl acetate, acetic acid, ethyl utywala kunye ethylene ethers.

Yintoni eyabangela ukuba ukukhula kobuchule zemveliso, ejolise ekufumaneni i ethylene? Ikakhulu ukwandiswa imarike izinto polymeric. uhlobo polyethylene kudla ngaphezu kwesiqingatha yemveliso yehlabathi ethylene. Le nkcazelo polymeric ngoyena ngokubanzi kusetyenziswa zeplastiki ehlabathini. Ngenxa enokuba kubhaliwe wenza umboniso ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Yomgama alpha-olefins ezifunyenwe oligomerization (ukubunjwa xo Polymer ezimfutshane) zisetyenziswa izandulela, izicoci, plasticizers, izinto zokuthambisa zokwenziwa, ongeziweyo, yaye njengoko comonomers ekuvelisweni polyethylenes. Enye ukusetyenziswa enkulu ngakulo ethylene - na igcwala wayo ukuvelisa, owona izinto eziphambili ekrwada ekuvelisweni arhente kumphezulu-esebenzayo kunye iisepha ethylene oxide. Ethylene oksayidi ufakwa ukuxovwa ngenxa wafumana ethylene. Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengento zinendlela ngomatshini.

Namhlanje, ukulungiswa ethylene lwenziwa ngokusisiseko yi pyrolysis of ngqo ipetroli run okanye iqhezu ezibanzi hydrocarbon ukukhanya. In Russia kunye USSR kukho ufakelo amandla ezahlukeneyo yakhiwe zombini ngenxa yasekhaya (Giprokauchuk, VNIPINeft, Bashgiproneftekhim) kunye ubugcisa bamanye amazwe (Linde AG). ezikhoyo lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe ngamaqela amathathu: (. 300 no 450 kweetoni eziliwaka ethylene ngonyaka) igunya ephantsi (. 30 no-60 eetoni ngonyaka ka ethylene ngamnye), eliPhakathi (. 100 no-200 lamawaka tonnes ngonyaka ngamnye) yazinyusa. Ngubani ehlabathini fambisiwaka izityalo kunye lukhulu enesakhono: 400 500 kwaye nkqu ukuya ku 800 kweetoni eziliwaka ethylene ngonyaka ngamnye. Oku kwanda kwimveliso ivumela ukunciphisa iindleko ezingqalileyo, amandla kunye nemali.

Ukulungiswa ethylene lwenziwa kumashishini imichiza, kuquka izityalo pyrolysis, iyunithi ngokwahlukana igesi, setting up demineralizer. impahla eluhlaza - igesi okanye ezinye ukukhanya oyile iqhezu kwindawo yokucokisa okanye imixube yalo umphunga wamanzi (inkqubo ukunciphisa akuseko coke kwi kwimibhobho ziko). Le nkcazelo asetyenziswa ezikweni pyrolysis, apho iqondo lobushushu 750 ukuya 900 ° C wambumba pyrogas eyenziwa yeehidrojeni hydrocarbon zabo iimolekyuli eyodwa (methane) ukuya athom carbon mabini. Ekutshiseni pyrolysis isetyenziswa ngendlela isixhobo ezizodwa, apho iveliswa ngamanzi iphathwa zomphunga oluphezulu koxinzelelo, kwaye zipholile pyrogas ungena iyunithi nentlaka ukungcola pyrolysis (enzima) kunye pyrocondensate. Emva koko pyrogas equlathe ikakhulu hydrocarbon ukusuka C1 ukuya C4, inikezelwa le turbocharger (i-injini eqhutywa ngomphunga nehigh), apho phantsi koxinzelelo kondliwa ulwelo ikholam inkqubo ngokwahlukana igesi. Kukho ulwabiwo iimveliso ezisisiseko ezifana ethylene kunye propylene (imveliso yawo, xa kuthelekiswa ne-ethylene, njalo amaxesha amabini ngaphantsi), kunye byproducts hydrogen, methane, methane, propane, butylene-butadiene lwamaqhezu, tar pyrolysis ukukhanya okanye amacandelo olingene avtmobilnyh.

Kwakhona kuyenzeka ukuba ukulungiselela ethylene pyrolysis encedisa ukuqalisa imisebenzi. Xa isikali mveliso, le ndlela ayenziwanga, nangona ityala lakhe kwilizwe lethu ngexesha layo kwenziwa kuphela kwiimeko elebhu, kodwa kwiindawo zoshishino. Uncedo kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa ubushushu pyrolysis ngokusetyenziswa ehlanganisa. Ngokwandisa selectivity (selectivity) senkqubo inyuswe, xa kuthelekiswa ne-pyrolysis thermal, isivuno ethylene kunye propylene, kuncitshiswa ukuyilwa iimveliso, kunye coke. Ngokwangoku, abaphandi kumazwe ahlukeneyo basebenzela le khangela engundoqo kunye hardware inkqubo ngempumelelo kuyilo.