Lithini ombala

, Umzimba neentshukumo ngendlela elastic medium kudala ukuphazamiseka ethunyelwayo ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye, yaye ubizwa ngokuba ngumtshangatshangiso. Oku kwenzeka ngomlinganiselo othile, oko kuthathwa Isantya ukusasazeka kwayo. Oko lixabiso olwahlula umgama ohanjiweyo yi na indawo lencinibakazi nganye kwiyunithi ubude bexesha.

Makhe lihamba otshangatshangiswayo kunye axis omnye (umz, ethe tye). ukwakheka kwalo iyaphindwa kwisithuba ekuhambeni kwexesha, t. E. I lihamba Iprofayili wave ecaleni axis andise kunye Velocity kokuba ixabiso rhoqo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha ehambisana nexesha oscillation, udini lwalo zashiya umgama, ngokubizwa ngokuba kwamaza.

Ngoko ke, ombala - kumgama enye, leyo "runs" womphambili wayo ngexesha lekhefu lilingane ixesha oscillation. Ukuba nomfanekiso iliza ngendlela apho kuyo idla kuboniswa kule mifanekiso. Sonke khumbula inkangeleko, umzekelo, amaza olwandle. Wind azigqogqayo ecaleni kolwandle, kunye nencum ngamnye umqhele (eyona) nencopho liphantsi (ubuncinane), kunye nabo kunye nabanye sasingahlali ndawonye kwaye utshintshe omnye nomnye. Iingongoma elele kwisigaba mnye, - i eziphezulu ze crests ezibekwe ngecala (Qaphela ingcamango ukuba nasentshonalanga babe ukuphakama efanayo kunye isindululo yi ngesantya esingaguqukiyo), okanye iingongoma ezimbini lisezantsi Amaza ezikufutshane. Ombala - kanye umgama phakathi ngongoma (crests ezimbini okufuphi).

Xa uhlobo Amaza basasaze zonke iintlobo ze-eneji - ubushushu, ukukhanya, isandi. Bonke babe ubude ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, acandacanda umoya, amaza omsindo utshintshe kancinane uxinzelelo lomoya. Ndidi ilingane akholise yengcinezelo liphezulu amaza yesandi. Ngenxa nesakhiwo sayo, indlebe yabantu uchola ezi utshintsho koxinzelelo kwaye ithumela imiqondiso engqondweni. Ngoko uve isandi.

ubude isandi imisela iipropati yayo. Ukuze ufumane ngayo isantya wave kuyimfuneko (lijongwe m / umzuzwana) lahlulwe-phinda ngo Hz. Umzekelo: amaza 688 Hz ephilileyo lihamba ngumtshangatshangiso ngeqondo ka-344 m / umzuzwana. Ombala iya kulingana nama-344: 688 = 0.5m kwaziwa ukuba Velocity yomtshangatshangiso kwi-bume enye ayitshintshi, ngoko, ubude bayo kuya kuxhomekeka kwi-frequency .. Elisezantsi frequency- amaza omsindo abe kwamaza elide kunokuba phezulu.

Umzekelo omnye ukutshintshwa kwe-radiation magnetic unako ukukhonza zibe ngumtshangatshangiso ukukhanya. Ukukhanya - yinxalenye spectrum magnetic, obubonakalayo emehlweni. Ombala ukukhanya iliso womntu ukuqonda, kuluhlu ukusuka 400 ukuya 700 NM (neenanometer). Ngapha nangapha uluhlu obubonakalayo malumga kulala intsimi, musa ukuthatha iliso lethu.

Amaza eyingozi kufuneka ubude ngaphantsi kwe ubude spectrum ebonakalayo. Nangona iliso babantu abazibona, kodwa, nangona kunjalo, ukuba zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu yamehlo.

Ombala yemi- infrared mkhulu bobude ukuba sikwazi ukubona. Ezi amaza weyele nezixhobo ezizodwa kwaye zisetyenziswa, umzekelo, ikhamera ngombono ebusuku.

Phakathi reyi ezifumanekayo umbono wethu, ubude zincinane umqadi abe umbala ozuba, le inkulu - ebomvu. Phakathi kwabo amanga lonke uluhlu lwembono ekhoyo (khumbula umnyama!)

Indlela ukubona imibala? Rays yokukhanya ukuba ubude kwangaphambili, kuwa phezu retina, ukuba receptors ukukhanya-onovakalelo. Ezi ezenza zibanga iimpawu ngqo ubuchopho bethu, apho uza oluthile lombala yenziwe. Yintoni na umbala sibona - kuxhomekeke ombala kwimitha ngesiganeko, kunye nokuqaqamba umbala imvakalelo ixhomekeke amandla radiation.

Zonke izinto abasingqongileyo bayakwazi ukubonakalisa, ukudlulisa okanye ukufunxa isehlo ukukhanya (ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye). Umzekelo, namahlamvu eluhlaza kuthetha ukuba lonke uluhlu kwimitha kubonakala kakhulu oluhlaza ngombala, abanye bathi bafakwe. izinto ngaphaya sisoloko sinotyekelo ukulibazisa ukukhutshwa ubude ethile osetyenziswa, umzekelo, kwifoto (ukusetyenziswa ifoto amacebo).

Ngoko ke, lo umbala yento isixelela sibe nako ukubonisa amaza yinxalenye ezithile zazo. Izinto ezibonisa yonke spectrum, sibona emhlophe, iginya zonke imitha - omnyama.