Isakhiwo ezinto eziphilayo kunye neempawu zomzimba

Endalweni zikhona atom ezininzi ngendlela abotshelelweyo, ekusekeni indibaniselwano okhethekileyo, ebizwa iimolekyuli. Noko ke, iigesi egalelwe, ethethelela igama layo, benza iiyunithi monatomic. Ezinto Isakhiwo mba kudla ngokuquka imixokelelwane covalent. Kodwa kwakhona kuthiwa kukho imiqathango intsebenziswano ubuthathaka phakathi atom. Ezi molekyuli inokuba esikhulu, eyakhiwa ezigidi athom. Uphi na kukho isakhiwo ezintsonkothileyo eziphilayo? Imizekelo - ezininzi kuThixo kwezinto eziphilayo, ezifana iiprotheni kunye nesakhiwo DNA koqeqesho.

ngaphandle kweekhemikhali

izibopho Covalent abayibambe atom kunye, sinamandla kakhulu. Kodwa ke iimpawu ebonakalayo into zixhomekeke kule, bona ixhomekeke van der imikhosi Waals kunye neebhondi hydrogen, nebonelela intsebenziswano phakathi izakhiwo ezikufutshane amaqhekeza omnye komnye. Isakhiwo molecule lolwelo, igesi okanye izinto eziqinileyo legkoplavyaschihsya echaza imo udibaniso, apho sibona ukuba kwiqondo elithile. Ukutshintsha imo mba, bubushushu, yinqakrzaze okanye epholileyo. iibhondi Covalent akukho kwaphulwa.

Imida inkqubo ekuqaleni

iza kuba njani aphezulu okanye asezantsi iingongoma gasification nawawokunyibilika? Kuxhomekeke amandla leendibano aphakathi. imixokelelwane hydrogen iziyobisi landa ubushushu litshintsha imo lamntu. Ubukhulu molecule, kokukhona van der Waals benxibelelana, kuba nzima ukwenza igesi eqinileyo ulwelo okanye ulwelo.

Iimpawu ammonia

Uninzi izinto ingazeki ukunkcenkceshela enyibilikayo kwaphela. Kwaye abo nangoku ukuluhlakaza, basebenzisane, ngokufuthi kunye ukuyilwa iintambo ezintsha hydrogen. Umzekelo - ammonia. Uyakwazi ukuba ndimaphule imixokelelwane hydrogen phakathi iimolekyuli zamanzi kunye ngempumelelo kwakha ezabo. Ngaxeshanye, basabela ion wotshintshiselwano, kodwa oko akuthethi ukudlala indima enkulu kwi sokuchitha ammonia. Ngokomthetho ammonia uya iibhondi hydrogen yile nkqubo. Ukusabela efanayo macala omabini, inkqubo unakho, phantsi lobushushu ezithile kunye noxinzelelo ube ngokubanzi zilingana. Ezinye izinto awonayo, ezifana ethanol kunye neswekile, wayidibanisa ngokugqibeleleyo c amanzi ngokusebenzisa uqhagamshelwano aphakathi.

ezinye izizathu

Ukunyibilika organic ulwelo ibonelelwa ngokwakha Van der Waals izitropu. intsebenziswano eyiyo sijike ndlela batshatyalaliswe. iimolekyuli enyibilikayo ubophe kuyo ukwenza umxube yohlobo olunye imbonakalo. Iinkqubo ezininzi kakhulu kubalulekile ukuba wenza umbulelo ukuba ezi propati kwezinto eziphilayo.

Toku - akukho

Kutheni uninzi izinto engaphenduli ukuqhuba umbane? isakhiwo Ezinto akavumi! Intshukumo ngaxeshanye imfuneko yangoku inani elikhulu elektroni, uhlobo "efama" kubo. Le nto yenzeka zesinyithi, ezingezo-isinyithi kodwa phantse akwenzeki. Ngelo kumda malunga mihlaba izinto semiconductor ukuba conductivity ixhomekeke kokusingqongileyo.

A iinkqubo ezininzi esemzimbeni lula wacacisa, ukuba kukho ulwazi malunga nesakhiwo molecule ukwimo. ithi aggregate ziqondwa kakuhle physics mihla.