Gafur Gulam: biography kunye nomsebenzi imbongi

Gafur Gulam - imbongi nombhali, ukulwa neqhayiya ubuhlobo, ulonwabo, noxolo phakathi kwezizwe. imibongo yakhe, amabali, iinoveli kunye nemibongo yaguqulelwa kwiilwimi ezingaphezu kwama-30, yaye phezu "ububi" wahleka phantse wonke ummi eSoviet.

Gafur Gulam: biography

Imbongi uzalelwe umlimi usapho ihlwempu ngomhla wama-27 Apreli (ngokutsho kweminye imithombo, 10 Meyi) kwi elikomkhulu Uzbekistan, 1903 - Tashkent. Gafur Gulam (igama lokwenyani), nangona imvelaphi yayo, kwakunye onke amalungu entsapho, zizakubalulwa zokomoya eliphezulu kunye nokubhala. Uyise Mirza amanat Arif wayeyindoda kakuhle ukufunda, waza wabhala umbongo. Mukimi, Furkat, Khislat kwakukho iindwendwe rhoqo amakhaya abo.

Njengokuba unina wembongi Tash Bibi, yena, umyeni wakhe, yena xa ebona imibongo namabali kokuqamba. Ngenxa ukufunda abazali koonyana usapho ngokukhawuleza bafunda ukufunda. Kanye njengokuba umntwana Gafur amanat funda isiFarsi imisebenzi Alisher Navoi, Saadi kunye Hafiz. Omnye umfana wabhala ngempazamo umbongo yakhe yokuqala yabonisa unina oko lo mfazi, wathi, qiniseka ukuba badibane kwaye ukubonisa italente yakhe noyise.

Ilahleko ye umondli

Ekwindla ka-1912 uyise amanat aka wabuyela ekhaya ngaphambili kakhulu kunesiqhelo. beat fever zakhe, ngokunjalo nomzimba wakhe atshiswe. Tash Bibi wazinikayo umyeni wakhe kulala, atyabukile amanqatha emfutshane abagulayo, usele neti eshushu esintu. Kuyo yonke le ubusuku indoda mandife nokukhohlela kakhulu. Biza ugqirha ebengenako njengoko wawungekho mahalla. Esi sifo sibi kukuba endlwini endala, ibekwe kwimigxobhozo, ebesoloko ezifumileyo. Emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, le ntsapho ezilahlekileyo intloko-ntsapho, kwaye abantwana abahlanu ziinkedama. Omdala ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka eli-9 ubudala nangaphantsi - iinyanga ezintandathu kuphela.

Kamva Gafur amanat xelela ukuba uhlale ukhumbula imibongo, wokuzibika unina, ngubani eshiywe ezibhaliweyo ihlabathi indoda eneminyaka engama-44 ubudala:

"... Le iinwele ezimnyama ayagqama zam bawa.
Intliziyo yam sisingqala, ulonwabo zihlazekile,
Ukuba ucela into eyenzeka kum - ndisabele mna;
- amaqunube ngokwahlukana ukutya I got ... "

Kodwa ke ingxaki akasishiyanga usapho kungekudala wafa kunye nomama wakhe. Kwaye Gafoor iqala besprizornichat. Ndazama ngokwayo ezahlukeneyo imisebenzi. Waye wavuma ukuba ikhaya labantwana. Ndaya kusebenza kwivenkile yoshicilelo njenge zamagama kwaye ababhalise kwizifundo zoqeqesho lootitshala.

Upapasho lokuqala zipapashwa mtshato

Ngowe-1919, emva kokugqiba izifundo zoqeqesho lootitshala, Gafur Gulam ufumana umsebenzi kwisikolo samabanga aphantsi. Utitshala kuphela wafundisa abantwana, kodwa waya kwezinye iindawo ukuze iintlanganiso kunye nabahlobo kunye noogxa.

Ukuququzelela Man ubomi lenkedama, izalamane isigqibo ukutshata naye. Akukho mntu wamphulaphula resistances Man, yaye kungekudala waba umtshato omncinane kunye intombazana evela mahalla angabamelwane. Kungekudala Kholida wazalwa yintombi, kodwa umtshato yachitheka.

Imbongi intloko yakhe, waya ebomini zoluntu kunye nobuchule. Ngubani ngawakhe kobunzima bokuphila yinkedama, Gafur Gulam abe mnye wabaququzeleli yokulwa namakhaya kweli lizwe. Ngowe-1923 wamiselwa yintloko kwisikolo esibhodisayo. Ebusuku, xa umbundu ezabelwe 15 iinkedama, kwabhalwa kwathiwa umbongo emva kwexesha elithile yaba incwadi yokuqala kumaphephandaba.

umbhali abantwana

Ubomi ke ningemi, Gafur ancedisane iimagazini ezininzi, sadibana nabantu ezahlukeneyo zokudala, ababhali. Yaye owayo uthandana nomnye woodade zombhali oselula Mukhitdin Hayrullaeva - Muharram. Ekwindla 1931 abathandi yokuhlanganisa ezindaweni zabo, njengoko kanti, ngonaphakade. Young waba nzima phantsi zemihla ngemihla, kodwa umfazi oselula asithandayo elungileyo kunye nomyeni wakhe bangento, wakhululwa kuso iingxaki zasekhaya. Wayeqonda ukubaluleka umsebenzi wakhe.

Usapho friendly abantwana baqala ukuvela.

Izibulo - Ulugbek Guliamov - wazalwa ngo-1933, ngomhla woku-1 Oktobha. Wayesebenza njengoko ngumlawuli we-Institute of Nuclear Physics, ohambelana ilungu Academy of Sciences kunye yamachiza yenyukliya USSR. Wasweleka ngowe-1990, ngoMatshi 15.

Kwiminyaka emihlanu kamva, ngowe-1938, kwakukho intombazana encinane Olmos, waba intatheli.

Mirza Abdul Qadir Guliamov (kwakunye umzalwana omdala, i-Education yamachiza yenyukliya) wazalwa ngo-1945, ngomhla we-17 Februwari. Yena wayelilungu Academy of Sciences Uzbekistan, umlawuli we-Institute of Physics kwelanga, yaye ke, ukususela ku-2000 ukuya ku-2005, lo wokuqala umphakathi ngumphathiswa ukuziphendulela weRiphabliki Uzbekistan.

1947 yabalasela inkangeleko enye indodana - Hondamir, owathi kamva waba mbali.

Ngowe-1950 yena wazalwa intombi omncinane - Toshhon ukuba Gafur ogama kwinkumbulo ngunina. Toshhon ndingadani abazali bakhe ukuba bahlale benolwazi yentsapho odumileyo. Waba eziphilayo kunye isidanga sobugqirha.

Ndimele ndithi ukuba intombi evela emtshatweni wakhe wokuqala Kholida phambi kokuba umtshato wakhe wahlala endlwini kayise.

indalo

Imibongo kunye iprozi umbhali abanetalente - lo ngumfuziselo kwimbali yabantu Uzbek. Zathi zonke izigulo yobomi kunye novuyo. A indima ebaluleke kakhulu kuphuhliso iincwadi Uzbekistan wadlala Gafur Gulam imisebenzi thuba kwabhalwa kwempi. Kukho bambalwa abantu ababesele xa ebona indalo yakhe, "Mna ndingumntu ongumYuda," "Ilindele kuwe, nyana wam," yaye "Wena akuyi wayeyinkedama."

Umbongo olunzima Gafur Gulam bazala iimvakalelo neengcinga zabantu abaye bangenela iingalo. Emva ke kwesesibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi imibongo zakhe zizele iimvakalelo kunye uvakalelo kwengqondo kwabo ngaxa lithile wakhuthaza uxolo on Earth. Ngenxa yoko, izibongo post-imfazwe - nokuqhubekeka emkhosini, uze unxibelelanise iiphiriyodi ezimbini nzima kuvela 2 umbongo: "Khumbula, nilindele ezo" kunye "womthendeleko abaphumeleleyo."

bamxolele

imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala ukuvela kwenye kwiintlelo zeli phephancwadi "Maorif Ukituvchi Islands" ngo-1923. Oku kule ncwadi, kwakubhalwe njengoko Gafur amanat. Awards for imisebenzi uncwadi, wafumana kakhulu kamva. Ngowe-1946, imbongi uba oyiphumeleleyo Stalin Prize. Emva kwenye 3 Order of Lenin, 2 - Red Banner of Labour (1939 no 1963), "Badge of Imbeko" kunye iimedali ezininzi. Kule mbongo yokugqibela abhalwe 1970 wamkela uLenin Prize (kokufa).

Gafur Gulam, "Ukuganga-umenzi" (isishwankathelo)

imisebenzi emininzi ziye zanikelwa ukuba abantwana. Ethandwa kakhulu nempumelelo yaba inoveli "Ukuganga-umenzi" ( "Shum Bola", 1936-1962 gg.), Apho uTshawe ubalisa ibali lobomi bakhe ezibuhlungu.

Umfana wabaleka wemka ekhaya uyisekazi emva unina kohlwaywa zokususwa iimveliso ezivela endlwini. Kodwa apha, walandelwa ukungaphumeleli: ngengozi wambulala umalume wakhe, izagwityi, yaye kwafuneka ukuba ahambe kule ndlu. Baqala ngaloo ndlela ubomi bakhe hobo, malunga apho uxelela abafundi bakhe.

Enyanisweni, imveliso "Ukuganga-umenzi" - libali yobuntwana yombhali. Ibali ngayo, inkedama, waye kusasa kwada kwangokuhlwa ebhadula ezitalatweni ezinothuli Tashkent, hayi nje alinda yaye bavuyiswa nawaphi thuba lokuba bafumane imali engaphezulu.

Kodwa zamabali fun kunye nomfanekiso- obungapheliyo wenza inkwenkwe andwebileyo ezifana edume Nasreddin - Uzbek lwemveli hero. It ipeyintiweyo ukungcungcuthekisayo ezihlekisayo. Kuyo kukho amazwi, izafobe, ukuthelekisa. Ophambili esiphila phakathi ekuyileni ukhangela ihlabathi "ngenxa ngentsini stoklyshki wengcibi".

Umbhali wayeye wagxila iimvakalelo zokweyelisela kunye namava, ukubonisa isimo engaphakathi engqondweni. Yonke into ichazwe kweli bali: iziganeko, izinto, oko kukuthi into ezingqonge hero - wadala ukuvulwa eziba iimvakalelo indoda encinane.

House-Museum

Yaye yasekwa ngo-1983. aziwayo Update ngexesha kubukho kwenzeka kabini. Ngo-1988 no-1998 i-museum mathiriyeli zazaliswa ubungqina omtsha ukuthandwa kunye nemfuno imbongi kunye nomsebenzi wakhe. UMlawuli Museum - intombi yombhali Olmos Gafurovna.

Le ibekwe ipomakazi lendlu ezinemigangatho emibini, ukususela 1944 ukuya 1946 wayehlala phi kwaye wasebenza mbongi Gafur amanat. Xa kweendonga zawo izindlu bendlu-museum ingcaciso isikhumbuzo noncwadi.

iiholo ezintathu kumgangatho wokuqala uzinikele ubomi kunye namaxesha eziphambili ezinobuchule wembongi. 1 kunye namagumbi 2nd kuxelela abamenyiweyo malunga esakhula le countryman odumileyo, abe yena abe yimbongi, kakade, ukuthandwa oye wafumana isihobe amaxesha Second World War. Sithetha ngalo mbongo odumileyo "Uze wayeyinkedama" yaye inoveli "Ukuganga-uMenzi", iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezininzi.

neenqwelwana ezizodwa efakwe kumgangatho osezantsi, sixelele ngomsebenzi kunye inguqulelo wakhe umsebenzi academician. Igumbi lokugqibela kubonisa kulwamkelo kazwelonke kunye nothando. Behlonipha Gafur Gulam ogama isikhululo metro (Tashkent), imyuziyam (Kokand), apho imbongi yenze ulwabiwo isakhiwo eyahlukileyo, ipaki lokuzonwabisa (Tashkent) kwaye enye iimpapasho inkulu boncwadi e Uzbekistan. Kwakhona iqulethe izinto kunye nonyaka-95 90- kunye isikhumbuzo sokuzalwa kwakhe, nto leyo ngokubanzi lubhiyozelwe kwilizwe lakhe.

Eli bhotwe yesikhumbuzo ukwakweli kumgangatho wesibini. Office, igumbi ezolonwabo igumbi lokuhlala woyenza ezinye izinto zekhaya imbongi yakhe. In kwithala leencwadi uyakwazi ukufumana imisebenzi kunye nemityikityo kunye iincwadi Gafur Gulam wafumana njengesipho esivela ababhali nabo.

Idilesi Museum: Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent mzi, Arpapaya street, 1 (nal - Music Mukimi theatre kufuphi Besh-Agach). Ivula iiyure - yonke imihla ukususela 10:00 ukuya 17:00. Usuku off - ngoMvulo.

namhlanje

Park "Gafoor amanat" e Tashkent (umfanekiso eboniswe ngezantsi) - enye enkulu kummandla e Uzbekistan, woyiswa ngo-1967, ngexesha lokwakha Chilanzar. Le yenye sendaweni ozithandayo kuphela kubantu balapho, kodwa abakhenkethi neendwendwe ukuba ingqukuva.

Ehlotyeni, eluhlaza, ipaka ecocekileyo kakuhle igcinwe iba ummandla sikhululwe ingqatsini yelanga ukuba ephethene kancinane.

Ebudeni belo uthando olufanayo ipaka "Gafur Gulyam 'e Tashkent? Abantwana - kwiintlobo ezinika, ulonwabo kunye nomoya ikhululekile; Abantu abadala - kuba Unjengokuphola uvela amachibi, nethunzi imithi isiqingatha senkulungwane; Izibini luvutha kunye oomama abatsha - ngaweembombo cwaka yemfihlo.

Yintoni umdla Iphaga?

• A zoo encinane kunye kwevili Ferris.
• Iindawo ezinika umdla zotyelelo Modern abantwana kunye nabantu abadala ngamaxabiso afikelelekayo.
• Summer cafe kunye ichibi elikhulu, apho ehlotyeni uyakwazi ukuthatha ukukhwela amaphenyane kunye catamarans.

Council for abakhenkethi neendwendwe: ipaki yolonwabo igama "Gafur Gulam" kungcono kutyelela kwiveki xa basekuhlaleni besemsebenzini. Le veki ezityeleleyo ezinika kufuneka eme phantsi ingqatsini yelanga in Ufolo ezinkulu.

Idilesi Park: Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, st. m. "Ulugbek", Chilonzor Avenue Bunyodkor, 21.

UPawulos

Ukongeza umsebenzi wakhe yoncwadi, Gulam Gafur ukwenza inguqulelo imisebenzi Uzbek Lermontov kaThixo, Nazim Hikmet, Shakespeare, Pushkin, wabe, Griboyedov kunye Beaumarchais.

Kakade ke, Gafur Gulam - ubuntu aqaqambe uncwadi Uzbek, indishiye ezingqondweni kunye uphawu umphefumlo wonke umntu othe ukufunda ubuncinane omnye kumbongo wakhe okanye ibali.