Into Gray kwaye imhlophe zobuchopho

Ubuchopho bomntu wenziwe mba abamhlophe yaye ndiyingwevu. Eyokuqala - yonke into igcwele phakathi mba hina kwi uthinte kunye eziba Uhlobo Lokuqala. Kwi esibekwa kumphezulu uye iiseli efanayo umcimbi luvo izimvi zakhe ubukhulu yi enesiqingatha ukuya ngemilimitha ezine.

Kufundwe iinkcukacha, yintoni lo mba engwevu ezimhlophe ebuchotsheni.

Ukusuka aba izinto

CNS ondoqo kweentlobo ezimbini: abamhlophe yaye ndiyingwevu.

okumhlophe sakhiwa ezininzi luvo kunye neenkqubo iseli luvo, apho imvulophu has a umbala omhlophe.

Lo mba gray ibandakanya iiseli zemithambo-luvo kunye neenkqubo. luvo ukuqhagamshela iindawo ezahlukeneyo lamaziko system kunye nemithambo luvo central.

into Gray nokungalungi umnqonqo

izinto Inhomogeneous yomzimba ndiyingwevu kwaye imhlophe. Imifanekiso yokuqala inani elikhulu zemithambo-luvo, leyo kanzulu kwi nucleus kwaye kweentlobo ezintathu:

• iiseli radicular;
• iiseli zemithambo-luvo Beam;
• iiseli zangaphakathi.

into White ezingqonge umnqonqo umcimbi hina. Le ibandakanya iinkqubo-luvo, wenza iinkqubo ezintathu ifayibha:

• luvo eyodwa kwaye afferent adibanayo iindawo ezahlukeneyo umnqonqo;
• afferent oluvo yinto centripetal elide;
• motor afferent okanye centrifugal elide.

Medulla Oblongata

siyazi lwekhosi komzimba, ukuba umnqonqo iba evuthelweyo. Inxalenye yobuchopho phezulu liyajiya emazantsi. Ubude avareji 25 eemilimitha, kwaye zimile ikhowuni thumbanails.

Uqala, amandla kunye nezinto ezikhalayo amalungu enxulumene zokuphefumla kunye nokuhamba kwegazi. Ngoko ke, izimvi core Mba alawulwa imali, ukutya, ukujikeleza, yokuphefumla, ukulungelelanisa intshukumo.

gland

Le ingqondo senziwa kwebhulorho kunye kwiCerebellum. Qwalasela lo mba engwevu ezimhlophe kuzo. Bridge kumhlophe mqengqeleki elikhulu ukusuka kwicala elingasemva kwisiseko. Kwelinye icala ichazwe nomda wayo imilenze ingqondo, yaye kwelinye - nge elide. Ukuba wenza umnqamlezo-candelo, lo mbandela ezimhlophe nuclei ezingwevu apha kuya kubonakala kakuhle kakhulu. imicu ezinqamlezayo uwahlule ukohluka iindawo ventral kanye amaphiko. Kumbandela emhlophe ventral ikakhulu iindlela ezikhoyo kunye grey apha yenza ezingundoqo yayo.

Le amaphiko okuyingxenye nuclei: ukuba utshintshe nje, ukwakheka reticular, iinkqubo yovakalelo kunye luvo cranial.

KwiCerebellum ibekwe phantsi uqabe isithinzi Occipital. Oku kuquka ikhweyitha kunye indawo ephakathi ebizwa ngokuba "umbungu". Lo mba izimvi le uthinte kunye eziba cerebellar leyo shatro-, nodular, kunye nezixhobo probkovidnym. into White zobuchopho kule ndawo ibekwe phantsi amaxolo lwe kwiCerebellum. Utyhutyha kuzo zonke gyrus njengoko zegazi ezimhlophe kwaye iqulathe imicu ezahlukeneyo, nto leyo mhlawumbi ubophe izilayi kunye ijikajike okanye ithunyelwe ku umphakathi yangaphakathi okanye ukudibanisa kumacandelo ingqondo.

obuphakathi

Iqala evela kwiqamza phakathi lobuchopho. Kwelinye icala siyafana phezu brainstem phakathi nobubovu pineal nobuchopho ngolwandle ongentla nangapha - phakathi mammillary imizimba isabelo kunye inxalenye phambi kwebhulorho.

Oku kuquka emjelweni yobuchopho, kwelinye icala lowo umda inikwa kuphahla, kunye kwelinye - imilenze ivili intambo. Kwi inxalenye ventral ezahlula into diff tubing kunye Isiqu kwengqondo enkulu, ngoxa amanakani - cusps ipleyiti lophahla kunye nomqheba we eliphezulu nengasezantsi.

Xa siqwalasela emjelweni yobuchopho kumbandela ezimhlophe izimvi ingqondo, siyabona ukuba abamhlophe ezingqonge into ephakathi ingwevu owakhiwa ngayo iiseli ecikizekileyo ukuba Ebubanzini milimitha-2 ukuya ku-5. Siqulathe block, kwaye luvo trigeminal cranial, kunye kernel ezongezelelweyo kunye eliphakathi lokugqibela.

diencephalon

Le ephakathi I-corpus kunye arch yokuxazulula ihlanganiswa le ebuchotsheni ekugqibeleni. Icandelo amaphiko ibandakanya thalamus, phezu apho nadbugore, yaye imi ventral kummandla nizhnebugornaya.

into Gray wenziwe eziba, enxulumene kunye namaziko uvakalelo.
iindlela White Mba thaca kumacala ahlukeneyo, ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelwano kunye lokusekwa uthinte ngobuchopho isiqalo. Le diencephalon ikwaquka yebhinqa kunye ndlala pineal.

endbrain

Zimelwe zifaka amabini, nto leyo esahlula kumngxunyana aphilileyo kuwo. Idibanisa ukuba ubunzulu I-corpus kanye spikes.

Faka i enikiweyo ventricles osecaleni, ibekwe kwenye kunye ikhweyitha yesibini. Ezi zifaka enziwe:

• ingubo kwentliziyi okanye uqweqwe ezintandathu iiseli ezingafaniyo luvo;
• striatum le ganglia carcinomas - enkulu, endala kunye ezintsha;
• zokwahlula.

Kodwa maxa wambi kukho enye ngokuhlelwa:

• ubuchopho ukuqgiba;
• subcortex;
• lo mba izimvi le uthinte.

Ngaphandle ilizwi eliya zingwevu, yima nangoko abelungu.

Malunga nemisebenzi yalo mba ubumhlophe obusezintongeni zifaka

Lo mba emhlophe zobuchopho uphethe isithuba yonke phakathi eziba engwevu Uhlobo Lokuqala. Kukho inani enkulu luvo. Ezi nkalo zilandelayo ziyafumaneka kulo mbandela emhlophe:

• into philisi ephakathi yangaphakathi, I-neerhali elide;
• isithsaba obuma- imicu kwemi-;
• iziko semioval kwi iindawo zangaphandle;
• kweziyobisi vee phakathi convolutions.

luvo zezi:

• commissural;
• associative;
• Zibalo.

Le into emhlophe iquka luvo, ezithi izakubanodibaniso olunye kunye nezinye convolutions ye neuron kunye namanye amaziko.

luvo

Ngokomthetho imicu commissural ziyinxalenye I-corpus. Bona akhiwe commissures esengqondweni ukudibanisa ixolo ku zifaka ezahlukeneyo kunye neendawo macala.

amacandelo Fiber associative ngokwamaqela a ikhweyitha enye. Kule short ukudibanisa gyri ngecala, elide - ukwindawo ekude kakhulu enye kwenye.

Imisonto kwelivi ezinxulumene yokumisela uqweqwe ukuba ibekwe ophantsi yaye ngakumbi kwimida ethile.

Ukuba philisi umbono icandelo ngokungqalileyo lwangaphakathi iza kuba ingxenye ebonakalayo lenticular kunye unyawo yangasemva. Imicu kwelivi zihlukaniswe:

• Imicu elandisiweyo ukususela thalamus ukuya uthinte yaye kwelinye icala, ukuba useza nentlaka zizinto centrifugal;
• Imicu mayibhekiswe nuclei luvo motor;
• okuzenzela, ngokubonelela la ukuba izihlunu umzimba uphela;
• ifayibha wawusalathiswa ngumonzakalo ukuya nuclei ibhulorho, lilawule kwaye libonelele inyathelo elekhtrons ukusebenza kwiCerebellum.

Abo imicu ezimcaba zezona zikufuphi amaxolo, ukudala isithsaba imisebe. Emva koko ke inxalenye eyintloko kuzo Asikokungena philisi engaphakathi, apho emhlophe okuqinileyo phakathi caudate kunye nuclei lenticular kunye thalamus.

Phezu kukho indlela entsonkothileyo kakhulu apho iifolo enye emikhulu therebetween. Zibizwa ngokuba gyri. imisele Deep uwahlule ikhweyitha kwiindawo ezinkulu, ezo zibizwa ngokuba isithinzi. Ngokubanzi sulcus zobuchopho kakhulu ngabanye, zinokuba nomahluko kakhulu kubantu ezahlukeneyo.

Le zifaka kufuneka isithinzi ezintlanu:

• ngokungqalileyo;
• Parietal;
• temporal;
• Occipital;
• esigcwele.

Folo kuvela central ngaphezulu kwe ikhweyitha ngokubhekiswa phantsi phambili nomhlehlo ngokungqalileyo. isabelo elingasemva sulcus engundlunkulu uqabe isithinzi Parietal, esiphela ifolo parietooccipital.

lobe Frontal yahlulwe ijikajike ezine, ethe nkqo nethe tyaba.
Umphezulu zisecaleni nomhlehlo zexeshana imelwe convolutions ezintathu apho emida ukusuka kwenye.

Sulcus of nomhlehlo Occipital kukho umahluko. Kodwa wonke idla umnqamlezo, oludityaniswe ngencam emseleni interparietal.

Oku isendaweni Parietal lobe groove esebenzayo ngaxeshanye ukuya tye kumbindi nokuhlanganisa nabanye emseleni. Kuye indawo yabo, lo sheya yahlulwe convolutions ezintathu.

Island ngokumila ngunxantathu. Igqumeke kunye convolutions kunokuba elifutshane.

sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi ubuchopho

Ngenxa kwimpumelelo bezenzululwazi baba kungenzeka ukuba afeze abaxhakaxhaka kwengqondo diagnostic. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho sisilonda esidumbileyoesingaphakathi zophendlo lwezifo kulo mbandela ezimhlophe, oko zafunyanwa kwi kusekwangoko kwaye imnike unyango ngendlela ngexesha.

Phakathi izifo ezibangwa izitshanguba ukwimo, ukukhulula oko besaphula polushaniyah, njengezingxobo ngezifo, I-kunye syndromes nesimilo mixed. Ngokomzekelo, xa zokonzakala ngomlenze ngasemva isiqingatha umzimba womntu zimtyhafise. Le ngxaki zingenzeka nangovakalelo othile okanye iziphene endle ezibonwayo. Ukungasebenzi le I-akhokelela ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo. Kulo mzekelo, loo mntu uyayeka ukuba baqaphele izinto ezibangqongileyo, iziganeko, njl, okanye ayenzi izenzo obunenjongo. Ukuba kujoliswe-kabini ezimbini, inokubonakalisa yokuginya iingxaki kunye nentetho.

Akwenzeki ukuba zazi ukubaluleka zombini mba engwevu ezimhlophe ebuchotsheni. Ngoko ke msinyane ukubona ubukho sifo, ngcono amathuba ukuba unyango iya kuba nempumelelo.