Ilifa edityaniswe kwenye

Into enjengale ilifa iimpawu, ngokubanzi efunda yemfuza. Ukuba ichaza ukufana yenzala kunye nabazali. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ezinye kubonakaliswa miqondiso ilifa ndawonye. Le meko ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha okokuqala sisazinzulu T. Morgan, oko eyaziwa ngokuba yi "lilifa edityaniswe." Siza kuthetha okungakumbi ngayo.

Njengoko yaziwa, wonke umzimba inani elithile yemfuza. Zofuzo njengoko kulo mzekelo - njenge inani ngqo elithile. Thelekisa, umzimba womntu usempilweni iye zofuzo 46. Gene njengoko kangangezihlandlo eziliwaka ngaphezulu. Ngumgwebi ngokwakho: yonke gene unoxanduva uphawu ethile, wabonakaliswa yimbonakalo yomntu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oluninzi kubo. Ngoko ke, siye saqalisa ukuthetha ngento yokuba yemfuza eziliqela abekiwe ukuya chromosome eyodwa. Ezi zofuzo ibizwa ngokuba amaqela nothungelwano kunye nokuchaza ilifa edityaniswe. Loo mfundiso ebalulekileyo kuluntu lwezenzululwazi ixesha elide, kodwa kuphela T. Morgan wamnika definition yakhe.

Ngokungafaniyo ilifa izakhi abekiwe ngababini ezahlukeneyo chromosome enye, ilifa edityaniswe ebangela ukuyilwa digeterozigotnoy ngamnye ababini kuphela iintlobo gametes, ukuphindaphinda ukulandelelana zofuzo lobuzali.

Kunye nale, kukho gametes, ukuhlanganiswa izakhi olwahlukileyo zofuzo umzali. Le Isiphumo sisiphumo crossover - inkqubo ogama ukubaluleka izakhi kunzima ukuba zazi, kuba ivumela inzala ukufumana iintlobo iimpawu evela kubazali bobabini.

Kwindalo, kukho iintlobo ezintathu gene ilifa. Ukuze ubone ukuba udidi ngayo sizalwa iplagi kubo, kusetyenziswa umnqamlezo uvavanyo. Ngenxa yoko, ngokuqinisekileyo ukufumana enye ezintathu kwezi zingezantsi:

1. An ilifa elizimeleyo. Kulo mzekelo, i hybrids ezahlukeneyo enye kwenye yaye abazali babo ngembonakalo, ngamanye amazwi, ngenxa yoko, sinalo phenotypes ezahlukeneyo 4.

2. ngezakhi adhesion Full. isizukulwana lokuqala ibhastile zifunyenwe bewela abantu lwabazali ke phenotype enye kubazali yinto enzima kunye nabanye.

3. ngezakhi adhesion Partial. Kanye njengokuba kunjalo yokuqala, xa bawelileyo ujika ibanga phenotypes ezahlukeneyo 4. Noko ke, kwangaxeshanye, ukuyilwa genotypes ezintsha ezahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo kwiNgxowa-mali le umzali. Kulapha kule meko kwinkqubo lwedabi gamete uphazamisa crossover okhankanywe ngasentla.

Kwakhona bafumanisa ukuba encinane umgama phakathi zofuzo ilifa kwi chromosome lwabazali, kokukhona ngokupheleleyo ilifa labo ezinxulumene. Ngako oko, udlula ngaphandle kokuba amalungiselelo, kwibhulorho mbalwa kwenzeka ngexesha meiosis. Umgama phakathi zofuzo - kukho into ngokuyintloko imisela okuba enxulumene ilifa.

Ngokwahlukeneyo kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ilifa edityaniswe ezinxulumene ngesondo. Umongo oko kunto-nye njengoko lwalo kuxoxwe ngasentla, Noko ke, ilifa zofuzo kulo mzekelo ezicwangciswe zofuzo zesini. Ngoko ke, ukuba athethe ngolu hlobo ilifa kunokwenzeka kuphela xa ezanyisayo (lomntu phakathi kwabo), ezinye ezirhubuluzayo nezinambuzane.

Kuthathelwa ingqalelo into yokuba XY - iseti zofuzo, ulungelelene wesini oyindoda, kwaye XX - nemazi, siphawula ukuba zonke iimpawu eziphambili athi abenoxanduva ukomelela umzimba, zimi chromosome abakhoyo kweejini kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Kakade ke, sithetha ngalo X - chromosome. Xa iimazi ukuze wayekhona sofuzo kwaye zemfuza ezibalaseleyo kwi zofuzo. Madoda lilifa inketho enye kuphela - oko kukuthi, isakhi kubonakala kwi phenotype okanye hayi.

ilifa Ukhuthaza ngenxa ngesondo, ngokufuthi weva ngokwemeko yezifo ezo yinqobo kuyo amadoda, ngoxa abafazi ezithwala kuphela:

• kubazali bakhe,
• ukungaboni;
• Nai Han - Alex syndrome.