Ufudo Amathambo: isakhiwo. umhlaba ufudo Isakhiwo, i red-yecandelo

Izilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo iplanethi yethu, uniko manani malunga namawaka amathandathu. Iintlobo zimelwe ngamaqela ezininzi eziphilayo. Enye yazo lo wona libutho le uFudo. Iqulathe uhlobo 328 abahamba iintsapho-14. Eli nqaku liza kuhlolisisa isakhiwo amathambo ufudo, kwakunye neempawu ezinxulumene ngamanzi kunye bephile isilwanyana.

Isakhiwo yokwakheka

Ukususela umyalelo bahlala kumathafa, emazantsi eentaba of Pakistan ne India, esentlango waseTurkmenistan, Syria kunye Libya. Njengabanye izilwanyana ubandakanyeka izirhubuluzi kwi ubume imizimba yabo, ngokunjalo kwiinkqubo zobomi Ungafumana inani idioadaptatsy ukuya kwimozulu eyomileyo eshushu. Phakathi izixhobo ezinjalo kukhutshwe bulishica ashinyeneyo integument, uxakaxa kwamadlala engekho, ubukho izikali horny kunye enezinto. Ezi zithinteli luqulathe iiprotheni fibrillar - keratins. umsebenzi wabo kukwandisa amandla ngomatshini le integument.

Ekubeni amafudo, umzekelo emathafeni, Central Asia, ukutya izityalo kakhulu ezinzima entloko abanayo umlomo - uhlobo kwenkqubo eye elintlangothi elibukhali amazinyo. Bona ufudo iindawo baxakwe izityalo ndalisila projections zabo sofele. Entloko kwaye afumaneka amehlo. Bona kuphela kangangeenkulungwane amathathu: yasezantsi; eliphezulu neyesithathu. Thaca kule uhlobo bulishica umboniso ukuyigubungela iliso isiqingatha kuphela. Zonke Ufudo babe ephuhliswe kakuhle umbono binocular kakuhle kakuhle nokusingqongileyo.

kufudo AmaSebe skeleton

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, nokuba amathambo ufudo kukuba, khumbula ukuba umzimba isirhubuluzi usananisile anatomically iinxalenye 4. Luquka entloko, entanyeni, isiqu kunye nomsila. Cinga isakhiwo ufudo kweli candelo. Ngoko ke, umqolo wakhe iqulathe amacandelo 5: wesibeleko, thoracic, empontshwa, sacral kunye caudal. Amathambo intloko bone ngokupheleleyo. Elidityaniswe kuyo entanyeni ngokusebenzisa omqolo ezimbini eshukumayo. Xa zizonke, ufudo 8 omqolo wesibeleko. INtloko ngesiquphe ingozi inxaxheba ngaphakathi iqokobhe ngenxa yobukho imingxuma kulo. ezirhubuluzayo Ground ukuqonda izandi njalo. Ufudo kuba izilwanyana "cwaka", njengoko taxi zabo eyodwa anatomically kuphuhliswa kakubi. Ngoko ke, benza nokufutha okanye squeaking.

Isakhiwo nomsebenzi carapace

Ukuqhubeka ukufunda amathambo ufudo, cinga inxalenye engentla iqokobhe lakhe. It has a uPienaar ngathi intsimbi kancinane. Xa amafudo oko ibiphezulu ezibanzi, emanzini - iflethi, imilo zihambe. Carapace ubunjwe lamanqanaba ezimbini. Engaphandle iqulethe isikali ngekeratini - neepleyiti emazantsi eye amathambo. Kuye mabaqhoboshele pewa amathambo iimbambo empontshwa-thoracic kunye. Imibala, umzobo horny scutes carapace systematics izazinzulu kusetyenziswa ukujonga ukuchongwa uhlobo lwezilwanyana. Kungenxa ufudo iqokobhe bezisoloko yaye uhlala ndaba lokuloba. Ukusuka kuyo wenza intlekisa izakhelo, amatyala, yokusingatha iimela. Carapace somongi eziliqela, apho isilwanyana retracts intloko, imilenze nomsila ngexesha likaxakeka.

Plastron nokubaluleka kwayo

Inxalenye esezantsi iqokobhe kuthiwa plastron. Phakathi kwakhe carapace uthambile silwanyana umzimba. Zombini iihafu munye isikrweqe amathambo. Plastron ngokwayo yemvelaphi lommandla yokwakheka ngaphambili iimbambo. Kuba ngathi 'soldered "kungena umzimba ufudo. Iifom ezisentlabathini plastron omkhulu. Kwaye izidalwa ulwandle kuyehla kube amacwecwe limise walungiselela phezu inxalenye ventral lomzimba. On enezinto Shell imigca concentric wabumba ngenxa yokukhula. Ngokutsho kuye herpetologists Ungakwazi ukucacisa ubudala ihobe kunye nemeko yobume bempilo yakhe.

skeleton imimandla uphawu ngaphambili kunye omzimba yexhama nehobe

Amathambo amahobe, ogama scheme iboniswa ngezantsi ibonisa oku iintlobo abangabakhe ezirhubuluzayo. Bona apha emathanjeni umnqonqo umbhinqo ngaphambili: scapula, clavicle, kunye nemfundo unomyayi wakhe. Bona ise embindini esifubeni. I-blade liqhagamshelene emhlambini carapace izihlunu endaweni ilungiselelo vertebra yokuqala. nomlenze nemazi umbhinqo iqulathe amathambo zikawonke wonke, ischial kunye iliac. Bakha isitya. icandelo Caudal ibandakanya omqolo ezininzi ezincinci, ngoko ke mobile kakhulu.

amafudo Avilable nemilenze

Le ngemilenze izirhubuluzi luqulathe igxalaba, ngesa-, iwotshi, metacarpal kunye phalanges, nto leyo efana amathambo ezinye iiklasi bephile ekuyo. Noko ke, kule amathambo forelimb kukho umahluko. Umzekelo, ukuba ithambo tubular ye emagxeni lifutshane, yaye inani labo, uyila iwotshi, ngaphantsi ngo izilwanyana. imilenze nemazi ezineefitsha yokwakheka. Yifemur lifutshane kakhulu, kunye nenombolo yabo reduced unyawo kakuhle. Oku obonakala ingakumbi amafudo: bhokisi, kule nto ibomvu-emathafeni. Njengoko iqhubeka emhlabeni, amathambo phalanges neminwe nazo umthwalo rhoqo ngoomatshini. Ngoko ke, lo amathambo ufudo kuyimfuneko idioadaptation ukuququzelela ukuziqhelanisa yayo yokuhlala.

izilayidi Red-eared: isakhiwo kunye iinkalo ezithile zobomi

Phakathi kwezinye zonke iintlobo isilwanyana yeyona othandwayo uhlala ekhaya. Ubume kule nto ibomvu-Ufudo iifom amanzi ekuso. Intloko yakhe kakuhle-mobile, intamo ende, iqokobhe bubonakaliswe carapace eluhlaza kunye plastron mthubi. Ngenxa yale ufudo idla ngokuba zheltobryuhoy. ezizitho Kuku, wayifulela scutes horny, iphele ngo iinzipho. Xa endle zitya izinambuzane, zokuphila luninzi ecaleni lomlambo, kombungu kunye neentlanzi abatsha kwakunye nezityalo. Imazi lunomahluko ngokulula ukusuka eyindoda kube nzima elide, kunye umhlathi yakhe enkulu. Zizala ezi zilwanyana kwixesha ekupheleni kuka February ukuya ku May, Ndibeka emhadini kwesanti amaqanda-4 ukuya kwi-10. Ufudo Small abophe ngokuqhelekileyo NgoJulayi okanye ngoAgasti.

oluhlala ezweni of Ufudo

Eli qela izirhubuluzi amelwe zizilwanyana ezifana ufudo Central Asia, ezidweliswe kwi-Red Book, Balkan, panterovaya. Kukho malunga ne-40 iintlobo. Amathambo sangaphandle ufudo - iqokobhe. Yena elikhulu kunene, plastron isemoyeni. Izilwanyana ngokwawo kakhulu engasebenziyo. ufudo Central Asia kancinane abachatshazelwa imithombo yamanzi. Kusenokuba ixesha elide ukuya ngaphandle kuyo, ukutya amagqabi ezinamagqabi okanye zezityalo herbaceous. Ekubeni izilwanyana kufuneka baziqhelanise imozulu eyomileyo okanye emathafeni semi, umsebenzi wakhe wonyaka ezilawulwa ngokungqongqo. Kuyinto iinyanga 2-3 kuphela, kodwa eliseleyo kuloo nyaka ufudo ichitha poluotsepenenii okanye hibernates kwi imingxuma wemba esantini. Oku kwenzeka kabini ngonyaka - ehlotyeni nasebusika.

Ubume komhlaba ufudo iphawulwa linani apha naphaya ezinxulumene nobomi phezu komhlaba. Oku ezizitho columnar ezinkulu, phalanges leyo edidekile, ngokupheleleyo, eshiya iinzipho evakalala mfutshane. Umzimba igutyungelwe ndinesikali horny, nasekunqandeni komphunga ngokugqithisileyo amanzi ukuqinisekisa ulondolozo izicwili zezilwanyana. Ngoko ke, izilwanyana akhuselwe heavy-umsebenzi ithambo-horny iqokobhe. Ukongezelela, ukuze oyike iintshaba ezinokuba ezibukhali nomsondlo isandi okanye yokulahla ngokukhawuleza kakhulu umthamo lwesinye. Zonke iintlobo amafudo ayevile. Aphile-50 ukuya 180 iminyaka. Ngapha koko, ukuba ilifa ukomelela ephakamileyo kunye nezimo.

Noko ke, masingalibali ukuba iintlobo 228 of Ufudo kufuneka ukhuselo kunye zisemngciphekweni yokutshabalala. Umzekelo, ukuhla ngokukhawuleza ikhaya ufudo eluhlaza. Usebenzela uhlobo ekujoliswe, njengoko umntu utya inyama yakhe. Ngenxa ezidolophini kunye kunciphiso kwindawo zokuhlala zendalo inani nasezilwanyaneni esicuthiweyo nyaka ngamnye. Kuhleli enokuphikiswa yaye umbandela bona turtles umxholo emakhayeni yabantu, ukuba ibekwe iimeko bhokisi nesilungiselelwe ngokukodwa. Imbalwa kakhulu kwezi zilwanyana ekuthinjweni siphile ngokuvisisana ubudala bayo begazi. Uninzi abulawa zengqondo ningazi kwaye Ukungakhathali umntu.