Izikolo yokuqala Rus

Ekuqaleni, imfundo Rus yamandulo 'akuthethi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo, ekubeni ukongeza koonyana izinduna izityebi neentsapho ezindilekileyo, akukho namnye unako bafunde isayensi. Ubuninzi sabo abalimi, ngubani imini nobusuku inxaxheba ekusetyenzweni kumazwe abo, kwaye izisa kwenkosi yakhe. Kodwa ke isimo siqala ukutshintsha ngexesha ubhaptizo Rus.

Iingcali ze-mbali baqikelela ukuba isikolo kakhulu yokuqala eRashiya yasekwa emva kunyaka 988 kwisixeko Kiev. Olunjalo ulwazi iyavumelana ngokupheleleyo umlando odumileyo "I Tale of adlulileyo Years". Kubonakala ukuba ukuvela kwemfundo Kievan Rus waqala kuphela xa Prince Vladimir Enkulu waqalisa ukuqhuba ubhaptizo abantu. Ukongeza, ukuba igama le nkosana Kwakutshiwo kule yeembali njengoko ngunozala lokuqala lwesikolo ngo Kyivan Rus. Lo mmiselo ke umthetho kwi wabanumzana, ngeentsapho izinduna 'ukuqokelela bonke abantwana baze bawazise kubo esikolweni ukulungiselela uqeqesho Book Business. Kodwa ke uqeqesho waqonda ngabaninzi ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa. Umama akazange aqonde ukuba kutheni nalapho baza ukuthumela abantwana babo. Kungenxa yoko le nto isijwili kuwo kakhulu, besithi sala abantwana, ukuba baye entshabalalweni ethile.

Eyasekwa yi Prince Vladimir isikolo ngokuba "incwadi yokufunda", kwaye ibhotwe liziko wokwenene. Akuyi kuphela bafundiswe ukufunda nokubhala, kodwa nezinye izifundo zesayensi. Esi sikolo waba obhaliso lwabafundi malunga 300, yaye zahlulwe zibe ngamaqela amancinane, ngamnye notitshala yayo wafundisa. Emva koko, uninzi isikolo kunokubonwa yoonongendi neetempile. Kuba Okokuqala, igama elithi "yesikolo" wabonakala eRashiya kuphela ngo-1382, xa isithethe baseYurophu, lo gama kwaqala ityumbe izikolo apho abantu bafundiswa obuciko wamnika olulodwa ulwazi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuziphatha esikolweni ngethuba lokulawula sikwazi nje amakhwenkwe Prince Vladimir, kwaye isifundo sokuqala ekufundeni kwabo ishishini ncwadi. Oku kwakukholelwa ukuba amadoda kufuneka ngakumbi babewazi unxibelelwano, kwaye amantombazana awuyazi ileta, njengoko kuba mistresses elizayo, kunye nemisebenzi yawo iza kungena kuphela ubunini oluchanekileyo yekhaya. Kwaye ukwenza oku nikwazi isiqinisekiso ayikho imfuneko.

Kwaba kuphela ngoMeyi ka-1086 eRashiya kukho kholeji abafazi yokuqala esasekwa Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavovich. Ngaphezu koko, intombi yakhe, Anna Vsevolodovna ngaxeshanye eya esikolweni, kwaye ifundisa nenzululwazi. Kuphela apha amantombazana aselula kwiintsapho isityebi bafunde ukufunda nokubhala, kwaye yezandla ezahlukeneyo. Ekuqaleni kuka-1096 esi sikolo sele kuqalisa ukuvula lonke eRashiya. Isikolo yokuqala yaqala ukuvela kwizixeko ezikhulu ezifana Moore, uVladimir kunye Polotsk, yaye ngokufuthi ukwakhiwa yoonongendi neetempile. Ngoko ke, ababingeleli ingqalelo eRashiya abantu abaninzi abafundileyo. Ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-15 eli ziko yoonongendi bayeka ukwakha, kwaye kukho izikolo zabucala, ngelo xesha ngokuba 'iinkosi isiqinisekiso. "

Nangona ukwanda izakhiwo zemfundo, isikolo akazange abe zisasazwe ngokubanzi emideni yonke Russia. Imfundo e Kievan Rus wahlelwa ngokucwangcisiweyo yaye yonke. Kungenxa yoko le nto, isikolo yokuqala nanini khona eRashiya, kodwa hayi kwatyatyamba yaye ngokuthe ngcembe baqala ukuncipha. Oko kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-17, izifundo zenzululwazi kunye zobugcisa ezikolweni sele kuqalile kwi elitsha. Xa xesha Peter 1 wavula isikolo yokuqala kwisixeko Kiev phezu inzululwazi ecwangcisiweyo, leyo ukumkani wabiza linyathelo elitsha ekubunjweni umntu ngamnye. Apha, Noko ke, kusekho nako ukufumana kuphela abantwana neentsapho amanene, kodwa benqwenela ukuba bathumele abantwana babo ukufunda linyukile. Kuzo zonke izikolo ootitshala kwinkulungwane ye-17 bafundisa izifundo ezifana igrama kunye nesiLatini.

Ivela ngexesha Peter 1, ababhali-mbali kubangelwa inguqu ebonakalayo kwinkalo yemfundo. Ngeli xesha, vula nje izikolo ukuba axhome kakhulu isikolo yokuqala, kodwa izikolo ezitsha kunye lyceums. Izifundo ezisisiseko kunyanzelekile ukuze sifundo izibalo, lwamaqosha namayeza.