Trade Foreign: iimpawu kunye neendlela zokulawula

Inkqubo jikelele yoqoqosho lwehlabathi, ekhatshwa inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe, inempembelelo enkulu imisebenzi yabo bonke kwezolimo. Ngokukodwa, kwandisa imveliso iyonke, ukuphuculwa kweenkonzo ezisemgangathweni, kukho indlela eyiyo kwezibonelelo zendalo. Iinguqu kwezi parameters kuba nefuthe elibonakalayo kuqoqosho lwelizwe ngalinye inxaxheba kwiinkqubo kurhwebo lwehlabathi. Noko ke, iziko ngalinye emarike zehlabathi onyanzelwayo ukuba ukwamkela iimfuno ezintsha ebekwe yi inkqubo yehlabathi. Kule meko, kufuneka uhlaziye ngamaxesha iinjongo, iinjongo kunye neendlela zokufikelela kuzo ngaphakathi nempembelelo karhulumente kumsebenzi amazwe noqoqosho lweli lizwe.

Eyona engundoqo Iinjongo zale nkqubo kurhwebo lwehlabathi

izisombululo Eyona olufanelekileyo nezi ngxaki zichazwe ngentla ngezihloko isakhiwo kurhwebo lwehlabathi, zangaphakathi iinkqubo uqoqosho novavanyo utshintsho olukhulu. Phantsi kwezi meko, imeko yentlalo noqoqosho phakathi lizwe zibe nempembelelo etyhulu ukuyilwa yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Uxoxa iinjongo eziphambili kunye neenjongo, iindlela kunye neendlela zokufikelela kuzo. Le meko ikhona eRashiya. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukhangelo rhoqo ukuba amanyathelo theory and practical, umhlaba ophantsi kweempembelelo yorhwebo Russian amazwe. Injongo yale misebenzi kukufikelela dynamics emihle Uphuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe.

UmMiselo yorhwebo langaphandle kwinqanaba yowiso

Movement zonke iimpahla ngapha komda Russian ngokusebenzisa izithuba ukunqumla. umsebenzi wabo esweni yi-Code Customs. Le uluhlu lwemithetho, nayo, kucwangcisa i kolawulo ezizodwa, ulawula iinkqubo zobhaliso kunye nolawulo. Ukophulwa nemigaqo emiselwe yi-Code, ibandakanya ezahlukeneyo iindidi isohlwayo. Oku kuyabonakala xwebhu. Customs Code iquka uluhlu lwazo zonke asetyenziswe nkcazelo kwinkqubo transmission RF. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, kuquka ezifana "iLizwe lemveli yempahla", "iintlawulo kusetyenziswa kuyilo imveliso," kunye nabanye abaninzi. umthetho federal, echaza iziseko yommiselo karhulumente yorhwebo langaphandle, iquka imiyalelo esisiseko umsebenzi noqulunqo kunye nophuhliso, amalungiselelo isikhundla lombutho. Ngaphezu koko, yenza imithetho-siseko engundoqo yomsebenzi kurhwebo lwehlabathi. Ngaloo ndlela wenza imimiselo namasiko yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Abathathi-nxaxheba, ngokungqinelana nomthetho, yahlulwe kumaqela eziliqela. Ezi ziquka:

• Eyona engundoqo Izifundo uzilawula kwezoqoqosho. Iintlobo Le nkampani ezahlukeneyo impahla, oluqhutywa umsebenzi yorhwebo lwangaphandle.
• I federal imibutho karhulumente kunye namashishini.
• Abathathi-nxaxheba ze international yivenkile self-nkonzo.

Onke amaqumrhu asemthethweni kunye noosomashishini ngamnye ababandakanyekayo neentlobano kwimarike abhaliswe kwi abasemagunyeni amasiko. Nangona kunjalo, le nkqubo ngokuzithandela.

iindlela zokulawula

Kukho eziliqela iindlela ezisetyenziswa ngurhulumente Russian ekusebenziseni kolawulo phezu nxaxheba kwimisebenzi yorhwebo lwangaphandle. Ezi ziquka:

• Izithintelo kunye nezithinteli.
• ezinxulumene kunye ezinganxulumananga iirhafu amasiko iindlela zolawulo.
• Imiqobo (ukuvuselela) amanyathelo entsimini ezoqoqosho kumgangatho karhulumente kulo.

ulawulo State of imisebenzi yorhwebo lwangaphandle

umbutho zenziwe ngokufanelekileyo ulawulo karhulumente ngumba ophambili ukusebenza lophuhliso loqoqosho. Bodies, phantsi kolwalathiso nguwuphi na umsebenzi yorhwebo langaphandle, akhiwa ngenxa yophuhliso ngembali yelizwe, indawo yayo geographical kunye neempawu ngokubanzi. Umzekelo, eSoviet Union kwakukho ububange inkqubo karhulumente kwindawo enye. Inika kolawulo kunye nolawulo kwicandelo kurhwebo lwangaphandle. Kwixesha elizayo, akulula xa uqeqeshelwa ukuba neentlobano kwimarike isakhiwo bodwa lwapheliswa. Kulo mzekelo, imisebenzi kunye namasebe imimandla inxaxheba zifumene inani amalungelo urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe.

inkqubo yolawulo Modern kwi Russian Federation

Inkqubo ekhoyo njengangoku ummiselo yorhwebo langaphandle ekugqibeleni kwasekwa ngo-2005. Esi sakhiwo wahlulwe kumanqanaba amathathu.

1. Federal. Kweli nqanaba, izigqibo ezithathwayo ngabasemagunyeni zoluntu.
2. Regional. Apha izigqibo ezenziwa ngabasemagunyeni kwiingingqi eli lizwe.
3. Local. Kweli nqanaba, imisebenzi yorhwebo langaphandle elawulwa ngamaqumrhu zasekuhlaleni.

Ngokutsho isigqibo karhulumente odale amaziko olawulo ezizodwa abaphathiswe ulawulo umsebenzi amazwe kwezoqoqosho. Ezi arhente ziquka: Ministry of loPhuhliso loQoqosho, Ministry of Trade and bathobele Federal Service Amasiko kunye Arhente Federal lokulawula kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo zezoqoqosho.

iindlela zokulawula weRhafu kunye non-lweerhafu

1. Ukuqaliswa imisebenzi yokungenisa kwizinto ezingeniswa elizweni. Le ndlela ijonge ekufumaneni iingenelo zabavelisi zasekhaya kunye karhulumente, apho ingeniso engaphezulu. Abathengi, phezu koko, banyanzeleka ukuba bathenge impahla ngamaxabiso anyuswe, ukuze bangathwali ilahleko.
2. Ukuqaliswa imisebenzi kumazwe angaphandle. Abathengi ukufumana inzuzo zokunciphisa amaxabiso basekhaya, abenzi zintlungu ilahleko, urhulumente efumana umvuzo olongezelelweyo.

Kuba iimveliso zabo kunye nokwanda athumele kwelinye iqela lamazwe abaphumeza le manyathelo alandelayo:

• inkuthazo yerhafu kwimizimveliso abazibandakanya angaphandle sona;
• Wazithwala ukukhutshwa mboleko ephantsi inzala kunye mboleko ezithumela imveliso;
• wenza isivumelwano kumgangatho karhulumente le, ejoliswe ekuthengisweni kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle.

Kwakhona iindlela non-yemirhumo ye zorhwebo angaphandle kolawulo. Ezi ziquka:

• izithintelo kwamanye amazwe;
• quotas eyayifunwa impahla evela kwamanye amazwe;
• ekuvalweni korhwebo - umlomo yokungenisa (kwamanye amazwe) luhlobo oluthile kwemveliso;
• ukulahla - ukuthengisa impahla eyenziweyo ngamaxabiso aphantsi kurhwebo lwasekhaya.

unoqoqosho oluvulekileyo

Eli gama kufuneka ziqondwe inkqubo korhwebo kunye lonke elimiweyo nxaxheba emarikeni kunye nokuqaliswa kwe ubuncinane Inani lezithintelo neentengo kwamanye amazwe. Ngokuba lo hlobo uqoqosho ebonakala ngamazinga aphezulu ezi zikhombisi zilandelayo:

• amazinga kumazwe angaphandle kunye yokungenisa imveliso bebonke;
• isixa esikhulu yotyalo-mali ngokunxulumene zangaphakathi;
• phambi quota amazwe (GNP).

market International njengendlela ubudlelwane

Kweli hlabathi lanamhlanje korhwebo phakathi kwamazwe ibonwa uhlobo olungundoqo yentsebenziswano. Iingxaki market lwangaphandle bachitha isixa esikhulu yomsebenzi yenzululwazi, eli leyo ukufumana iindlela ezininzi ezisebenzayo kuphuhliso kunye nozinzo kwinkqubo yoqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ayizi akanakuhlala ngaphandle ingqalelo kwaye uninzi nempembelelo yayo phezu yophuhliso lwentlalo yoluntu. Noko ke, nangona jikelele kwimarike, ezi nabalawuli eziphambili kurhwebo ezi zifundo imalike yehlabathi. Bona zisekelwe kumdla kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe, ngokuxhomekeke kuyo inkqubo yentsebenziswano kunye nabanye abadlali. Oku kuchazwe ukuyilwa mibutho, nokudalwa izivumelwano ezithile kumgangatho karhulumente kulo.