UAleksandr Solzhenitsyn: i mveliso, inkcazelo emfutshane

Omnye wababhali kwinkulungwane XX, namhlanje omsebenzi umdla abaphandi, yi Alexander Solzhenitsyn. Imisebenzi ngalo umbhali zivavanywa kakhulu kule inkalo kwezentlalo nezopolitiko. Uhlalutyo imisebenzi Solzhenitsyn - umxholo weli nqaku.

iincwadi izihloko

lokwenza Solzhenitsyn kaThixo - Yiyo le imbali Gulag Archipelago. Le peculiarity iincwadi wakhe umfanekiso womntu sihoyane ubungendawo. Alexander Solzhenitsyn - umntu lowo, waya kuyo emfazweni, kodwa ke ekugqibeleni wabanjwa ngenxa "umbuso." Ephupha umsebenzi yaye wayefuna ukuba baphicothe kangangoko kunokwenzeka imbali ye revolution, kuba kulapha befuna iphefumlelwe. Kodwa ke ubomi bephosa ezinye izifundo zakhe. Iintolongo, iinkampu, ekuthinjweni nesigulo esinganyangekiyo. Ke ukuphilisa ngokungummangaliso, udumo kwihlabathi. Yaye ekugqibeleni - kwagxothwa ukusuka eSoviet Union.

Ngoko ke, yintoni uSolzhenitsyn wabhala? Imisebenzi lo mbhali - indlela elide self-ukuphucuka. Kwaye unikwa kuphela xa kukho amava ubomi elikhulu yaye kwinqanaba eliphezulu yenkcubeko. Le umbhali usoloko kancinci ubomi. Wayebonakala kubona ngokwabo nabanye ezimbalwa distantly.

Alexander Solzhenitsyn lifikile indlela elide. Wabona ihlabathi, ukuya koko, loo mntu unalo ithuba elincinane ukuze usinde, ngokwenyama nangokomoya. Wasinda. Ngaphezu koko, oku ukubonakalisa umsebenzi wakhe. Ngenxa iincwadi isipho boncwadi etyebileyo kwaye kunqabile kuba impahla zabantu Russian, nto leyo yenza Solzhenitsyn.

imisebenzi

Olu luhlu luquka i iinoveli zilandelayo, novellas kunye namabali amafutshane:

• "Ivana Denisovicha Ngenye imini."
• "Matryona".
• "Isehlo esitishini Kochetkova."
• "Zakhar Kalita".
• "Intsha".
• "Yonke into efanayo."
• "I Gulag Archipelago."
• "I Lokuqala Circle".

Phambi kokuba upapasho lokuqala imisebenzi yakhe kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama elinambini kwimisebenzi boncwadi ka Solzhenitsyn. Imisebenzi adweliswe ngasentla - kuphela yinxalenye yelifa lakhe. Kodwa ezi ncwadi i kufuneka ufunde wonke umntu lowo Russian yi ulwimi lwabo lweenkobe. Izihloko imisebenzi Solzhenitsyn ayijonganga kwi kwiintlungu kwinkampu. Lo mbhali, njengaye nabani na kwinkulungwane XX, wakwazi ukuba ubonise yokwenene uphawu Russian. Character, embetha ukuqina kwayo ngokusekelwe ezithile ukuqonda zendalo kunye nzulu ubomi.

Iyeza imini kubomi ibanjwa

Le nkampu umxholo wayesondele ndoda eSoviet. Eyona kubi kuyo ukuthi akuvumelekile ukuba baxoxe. Ngaphezu koko, emva 1953 akazange avumele ukoyika ukuthetha malunga ntlekele eyenzeka entsatsheni yonke wesithathu. Artwork Solzhenitsyn kaThixo "One Day kwi Ivana Denisovicha" uzisele uluntu kumntu othile, ezazakhiwe kule nkampu. Nakweyiphi na imeko umntu yajika hayi, akayi ukhohlwe isidima sakhe. Shukhov - uTshawe webali Solzhenitsyn - kwinkampu nganye imini eliphilileyo, ukuzama ukuphila. Kodwa amazwi kwabakhonkxiweyo omdala, nangoku weva kunyaka wamashumi amane-wesithathu, yoyiswa kungena umphefumlo 'uqaqaqa lowo ilukhothayo isitya. "

Solzhenitsyn kweli bali idibanisa iingongoma ezimbini kwimboniselo: umbhali kunye liqhawe. Bona ayiphikisani. Baye ideology ethile eqhelekileyo. Umahluko phakathi kwabo - inqanaba jikelele kunye nobubanzi eziphathekayo. Azuze iingcinga umahluko hero nokuqiqa yombhali uyasilela Solzhenitsyn ngu ndlela zobugcisa.

"Ivana Denisovicha," umbhali wabuyela loncwadi umlimi elula Russian. hero Solzhenitsyn lisekho, sithembele elula intsomi ubulumko, ngaphandle ukucinga ngaphezu kuyimfuneko, kwaye musa refleksiruya.

Ngu Ivan Denisovich akazange ahlale abafundi xa ebona le "Yehlabathi Elitsha" lowu zoncwadi. ibali Publication eveliswa livakale eluntwini. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba sifike amaphepha ngamaxesha, oko kwakufuneka Kwathi indlela enzima. Apha kwakhona, uhlobo le Russian waphumelela. Umbhali naye emsebenzini wakhe ngokuphila ababesithi "Ivan Denisovich" waba print, ngokuba umhleli oyintloko "Yehlabathi Elitsha" Nguyena ngaphandle indoda abantu - uAleksandr Tvardovsky. Kwaye ke ukugxekwa iphambili yeli lizwe - Nikita Khrushchev - onomdla ". Kwinkampu ngokusebenzisa amehlo omntu elula"

Matrona olungileyo

Gcina abantu kwiimeko ukuba abe ngaphantsi ukuqonda, uthando, ukungazingci ... Le ngxaki zisonjululwe ngawo umsebenzi Solzhenitsyn kaThixo "Matryona". Heroine webali - umfazi engasese, abaqondi indoda yakhe, indodakazi, abamelwane, ayehlala naye ecaleni isiqingatha senkulungwane. Matrona na wangenisa ipropati, kodwa isebenza simahla kwi enye. Akazi ukuyifihla nabani ngumsindo kwaye kwabonakala ukuba angaboni zonke ezimbi wagubungela umphefumlo kubamelwane yayo. Kuba abantu bayamthanda Matrona, ngokoluvo umbhali, ndizigcinile ilali nesixeko, kunye nelizwe lethu lonke.

ukubhala ibali

Emva kokuba ekuthinjweni, Solzhenitsyn wahlala phantse ngonyaka kwilali esemagqagaleni. Wasebenza njengomfundisi. I waqesha igumbi evela sendawo, owaba kwase ye Heroine yebali "Matryona". Eli bali yapapashwa ngowe-1963. Umsebenzi kakhulu zombini bafundi nabagxeki. umhleli oyintloko "Yehlabathi Elitsha" yi A. Twardowski wathi umfazi akafundanga, elula ogama Matrona ndiyibize inenzala abafundi ngenxa ihlabathi yayo ngokomoya zizityebi.

ESoviet Union, onke amabali ababini ukushicilela Solzhenitsyn. Imisebenzi "Lokuqala Circle", "I Gulag Archipelago" lwapapashwa okokuqala kwi-West.

uphando bokubeka

Xa umsebenzi wakhe Solzhenitsyn zidityanisiwe isifundo bobukho indlela yombhali. Ukusebenza kwi "I Gulag Archipelago", ubungqina abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amabini wasebenzisa Solzhenitsyn. Imisebenzi kwinkampu nabemi sharashka esekelwe kuphela kumava abo. Xa ufunda le ethi "I Gulag Archipelago" uqonde ukuba ngamanye amaxesha musa ukuba yintoni na - umsebenzi wobugcisa okanye imisebenzi yesayensi? Kodwa amanani kuphela isenokuba Iziphumo zesifundo. amava kunye namabali abahlobo wavumela Solzhenitsyn ukuba bashwankathele yonke impahla engango.

Le ukuziqambela yenoveli

"I Gulag Archipelago" libunjwa imiqulu emithathu. umbhali ngalinye lizisa ngamaxesha awohlukeneyo kwimbali iminquba. Ngomhla umzekelo ngabanye, funda ukubanjwa netheknoloji uphando. Le Ukuntsonkotha ngayo abasebenzi arhente abasebenza Lubyanka, emangalisayo. Wamangalela umntu into awayenzayo, amagosa zokhuseleko wenza uthotho zazo ezintsonkothileyo.

Umbhali yenza nokuphosa umfundi kwisiza yebanjwa kweminquba. I inoveli "I Gulag Archipelago" - imfihlelo etsala notsalo. Nolwazi psychology yabantu, uloyiko, ezilinyaziweyo rhoqo kunye ngesothuso, yenza abafundi enyamezela intiyo wolawulo yileyo kuzo zonke obubonakala.

Man ajike abe con, Awulibale malunga imigaqo yokuziphatha, ezopolitiko nobugcisa. omnye kuphela injongo - ukuze asinde. Eyona ibuhlungu notshintsho psyche yebanjwa, wakhulela izimvo owayenomdla, aqwayingileyo indawo yakhe eluntwini. Nalusini nokukhohlakala babantu cishe akunakwenzeka ehlabathini, ukuze babe naye - bangazigcini nam ngonaphakade.

In komhlaba boncwadi

Iminyaka emininzi, Solzhenitsyn wadala imisebenzi yakhe, waza wayitshisa. Umxholo-ngqangi kutshatyalaliswa lugcinwe kuphela kwinkumbulo yakhe. izinto ezintle imisebenzi komhlaba ukuba umbhali, ngokutsho Solzhenitsyn, ilele yokuba umbhali ugwetyelwe, wakhululwa kuso yempembelelo censors nabahleli. Kodwa emva kweminyaka elishumi gqolo ukubhala amabali amafutshane kunye neenoveli, ababesele ongenagama, umsebenzi ulilolo baqalisa ukuya ngokuzikhama kuye. Leo Tolstoy wakha wathi ukuba umbhali ukuba ukupapasha iincwadi zakhe ngexesha lakhe. Ngenxa yokuba kakubi. Solzhenitsyn ibango ukuba amazwi ezakudala enkulu uyavuma, kodwa kusafuneka ukugxekwa umbhali nganye.