I-Sea White: iingxaki Sea lokusingqongileyo

Umda lendalo Russian Federation evela entla - yiyo Arctic Ocean. Lwakuba nje ngokuba uLwandle jelly okanye Arctic isitya. Namhlanje e Ocean isitya kuquka ezintandathu kweelwandle, leyo kuthiwa ngokusesikweni Barents, White, Kara, Laptev, East Siberian, Chukchi. Ngelishwa, kuyo yonke le ndawo yendalo iphuhlise kakhulu imeko esingqongileyo. Sithatha sihlolisise kuLwandle White. iingxaki zokusingqongileyo lwenziwe eziliqela. Ukubandakanya utshintsho lwemozulu, ukungaqiniseki kwezopolitiko, ukuzingela.

Sea ihlanganisa indawo kwama-90 ezikwere zeekhilomitha kwaye ufikelela nobunzulu 350 m. Leli apha ukuba Solovki, Morzhovets, iziqithi Mudyugsky, leyo zizinto ezingenakwahlulwa kunye kwimbali yelizwe lethu. Ekuqaleni kolu luhlu woonongendi odumileyo Solovetsky.

Kwasendaweni koLwandle White

Nangona yeyethu kwi Arctic Ocean, ulwandle ise nezwekazi, kunxweme kumantla eRashiya. Etyuwa ifikelela 35%. Ebusika iqina. Ngokusebenzisa emphinjeni zicatshulwa, kwakunye ifanele odityaniswe kuLwandle Barents. Ngoncedo iinqanawa White Sea-Baltic Canal unako ukungena kuLwandle lweBaltic, Azov, lweCaspian, Black. Le ndlela yaba ukuthiywa iVolga-iBaltic. line ngqo eziqingqiweyo kuphela, bexelisa umda eyohlula kuLwandle Barents nomhlophe. iingxaki Sea zifuna izisombululo ngokukhawuleza.

Okokuqala, kakhulu ukubatshabalalisa izilwanyana, kuquka zaselwandle, izibonelelo zebhayoloji shwaka. Ezinye abameli izilwanyana eyayihlala eFar North, wanyamalala nje.

Okwesibini, ukuba utshintsha imo zomhlaba, nto leyo uba defrosted imo permafrost. Le Ukufudumala yintlekele jikelele, leyo ezihambayo nawokunyibilika. Okwesithathu, oko kwi North eziliqela States iqhuba iimvavanyo yayo yenyukliya. imisebenzi efana zenziwa phantsi negama emfihlekweni kakhulu, ngoko izazinzulu kunzima ukuqonda ubungakanani yokwenene umonakalo nongcoliseko ngenxa yeziphumo zenyukliya. Ezi namhlanje ngxaki iphambili kuLwandle White. Isishwankathelo uluhlu kwaziwa ehlabathini lonke, kodwa encinane luyenziwa ukuhlangabezana nazo.

Isikhundla Russia kunye namanye amazwe

Ingxaki yokuqala - ukutshatyalaliswa kwezilwanyana - kwathatyathwa phantsi kolawulo lukarhulumente ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yokugqibela, xa kukho ugunyaziso lomiselo ebamba izilwanyana, iintaka neentlanzi. Oku kwaphucula kakhulu imeko mmandla. Ngelo xesha kwi ingxaki yehlabathi komkhenkce ukunyibilika, kwakunye ungcoliseko yenyukliya kuchaphazela karhulumente omnye kunzima kakhulu. Ukusuka kwezi zinto abachaphazelekayo kummandla wonxweme kwaye zonke kuLwandle White. ingxaki Sea kwixesha elizayo kuya kukhula ngenxa kwimveliso ye-oyile negesi acwangciswayo kummandla wolwandle. Oku kuya kukhokelela ekubeni ungcoliseko eyongezelelweyo kwamanzi olwandle.

Isibakala sokuba kummandla Arctic Ocean ingekabinazo ndingenguye nabani na. A Inani mazwe babenza kwimimandla Ziqingqele-up. Ngoko ke, ukuba ukusombulula imiba evela kunzima. Kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe, imibuzo emibini: ukusetyenziswa kwezoqoqosho imithombo yezimbiwa Arctic kunye nemeko eziphilayo ye-Arctic Ocean. Ngaphezu koko, uphuhliso iidiphozithi nefteuglerodnyh ngelishwa kwindawo ephambili. Logama nje urhulumente kunye inkanuko ukwabelana komele njengezwekazi, indalo lifumana iingxaki ngakumbi nangakumbi, biobalance angadlwengulwa. Kwathi ngexesha lokuba uluntu jikelele iqala ukubandakanya iingxaki ezingasetyenziswanga, okwangoku kusinda.

Russia ujonga imeko imeko zokusingqongileyo North Basin ngokungathi ngaphandle. ukuba ilizwe lethu ochaphazelekayo kuphela ngasentla unxweme kunye noLwandle White. iingxaki zokusingqongileyo ayikwazi kuphela kuba kwisiza enye - yinto umba ekufuneka kuyiwe jikelele.

Yintoni ephambili?

Kuphuhliso yeoli Fields abantu negalelo ngakumbi ukuhla komgangatho wemo engqongileyo. Musa ukuyeka nayiphi ubunzulu kakuhle, okanye inani labo, okanye into yokuba lo mmandla ekunokuthiwa kwiingozi zokusingqongileyo. Kokuba kuthathwe ukuba kwimigodi ioli ezininzi ziza kwakhiwa ngaxeshanye. Le mingxuma iya sayifumana umgama omfutshane enye kwenye yaye ngaloo ndlela babe kumazwe awahlukeneyo.

inokuphetshwa imiphumo uvavanyo enyukliya, yaye ngokwenene ufuna ukwenza, kodwa North ukuphumeza amanyathelo zokuhlanjululwa zibiza kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba iimeko permafrost. Ukongeza, lo gama kumazwe alukhange uxanduva lwasemthethweni kwezi nkalo. nemibandela ephathelele kokusijikelezileyo oLwandle White zaye zezifundo kungcono. Ngokufutshane ke bazama ukubonisa ikomiti kunye Russian Ministry of Iimeko zikaxakeka, ukuqikelela kunye neendlela ezinkulu.

permafrost impermanent

Umda permafrost eSiberia kwinxalenye esentshona rhoqo wancedwa ngenxa yobushushu behlabathi. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho likaxakeka loMphathiswa, ngo-2030 kuya ukuhamba ukuya km 80. Namhlanje umthamo icing ongunaphakade kuncitshiswa cm-4 ngonyaka ngamnye.

Oku kungakhokelela ekubeni phezu kummandla Russia kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu izindlu ngasentla zinokutshatyalaliswa-25%. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuba ulwakhiwo lwezindlu apho kwenzeka nge zitsho yokuqhuba kwi permafrost umaleko. Ukuba iqondo avareji lunyuka a izidanga ezimbalwa, ebizwa amandla isiseko lifinyele ngesiqingatha. Iingozi Wayibhenca yokugcina komhlaba oyile kunye nezinye izibonelelo mveliso. Iindlela kunye izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, nathi, ungakwazi ubunzima.

Xa ukunyibilika zomkhenkce , kukho enye ingozi ezinxulumene ukwanda kwemilambo emantla. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo bekucingelwa ukuba umthamo wabo entwasahlobo ka-2015 uya kunyuka nge-90%, ebangela nezikhukhula ezinkulu. Nezikhukhula kudala ukutshatyalaliswa kwimimandla yonxweme, kwaye kukho ingozi xa uqhuba koohola bendlela. Ngomhla ummandla ngasentla, apho ulwandle White, iingxaki efanayo eSiberia.

ukuguqulwa ubunzulu

Ngokuba nemvelo kwakhona igesi methane eyingozi kukhululwa emhlabeni ngexesha ukunyibilika komkhenkce enzonzobila. IMethane kwandisa iqondo lobushushu umoya asezantsi. Ukongeza, igesi nefuthe elibi kwimpilo abantu balapho.

Kwi-Arctic kule minyaka ingama-35 idluleyo, isixa ice lehla ukusuka 7.2 yezigidi ukuya kwizigidi 4.3 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. Oku kuthetha ukuncipha phantse-40% kummandla permafrost. Ububanzi umkhenkce Sehle phantse isiqingatha. Noko ke, kukho izinto ezintle. Kwi the South Pole umkhenkce ukunyibilika yabangela inyikima ngenxa yobume uveza le anyibilike. E North, le nkqubo ngokuthe ngcembe, yaye isimo akonwabi ngakumbi. Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko Iwabemi imimandla yomntla ubunkokheli MoE wagqiba ukuxhobisa zobuntlola ezimbini Novaya Zemlya, le New Siberian Islands kunye namanxweme olwandle.

Iprojekthi entsha yingozi

Kwi imeko eziphilayo luchaphazela kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo hydraulic, ezifana izityalo amandla. ukwakhiwa kwayo libhekisela nefuthe elikhulu-iscale kokusingqongileyo.

Ngomhla kummandla woLwandle White yi Mezenskaya joyous celebration - amandla namaza - ichaphazela zombini amanzi kunye kokusingqongileyo eendawo kunye nezendalo ilizwe. Ukwakhiwa TPP kukhokelela ngokuyintloko neenguqu isasazwe yamanzi yendalo. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa idama kwechibi uguqulwe zinemfano chibi jinga ezahlukeneyo nangaphezulu.

Kwaboyikayo kwemvelo?

Kakade ke, xa inkqubo yokuyila sinzima, iinjineli baye bakwazi ukuqikelela ifuthe biosystem lwasekuhlaleni, uLwandle White. ingxaki Sea, Noko ke, kungenzeka ukuba kwenzeka kuphela xa umsebenzi yorhwebo, kunye nophando zobunjineli sele usebenza kwindawo yonxweme eziphilayo.

Xa joyous celebration uyasebenza, okunciphisa amandla lokutshangatshangisa, kunye negalelo begcina komkhenkce amasimi, tshintsha ulawulo lwemali. Konke oku kuya kukhokelela ekubeni utshintsho kwisakhiwo neetyuwa komile kunye wonxweme. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba esimi amanqatha idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiinkqubo biocenosis. Ngexesha ukwakhiwa mveliso iidipozithi yesabelo ziza kutshintshelwa ubunzulu ubude ngendlela enyityilikisiweyo yaye baya kubandezeleka zonke eLwandle White. iingxaki zokusingqongileyo uya kuba umbodamo njengoko hayi unxweme kweelwandle esemantla imvelo, ngoko xa uwuthumele unxweme kwi bezingenabunzulu bamhlaba ibangele ungcoliseko eziziisekondari.

Ingxaki - njengokuba ukuba ukhamba ityuwa elwandle

Uphononongo eziphila kwi Arctic namhlanje ngundoqo zikwimeko ekhuselekileyo uhlobo kwiminyaka embalwa. Kunye yinxalenye emdeni Arctic Ocean phantsi eninzi yokufunda kwiindawo ezinjalo ziquka, umzekelo, uLwandle White. ingxaki Sea Laptev okwangoku kufundwe. Yiyo loo nto kutshanje apha mayixhotyiswe hambo encinane.

Izazinzulu exhaswa inkampani oyile "Rosneft". Le hambo bahamba abasebenzi Murmansk Marine Biological Institute. izazinzulu mane baye benza crew wenqanawa "Far Zelentsy". Injongo yalo msebenzi wabhengeza nenkokeli yalo nguDmitry Ishkulov. Ngokwe Ishkulov, okuphambili yaba ukufunda eziphilayo zamakhonkco, ukufumana ulwazi malunga nemeko eziphilayo kunye eziphilayo zolwandle.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ummandla kuLwandle Laptev aphile nakwiintlanzi ezincinane kunye neenkukhu, kwakunye izilwanyana ezikhulu ezifana lebhere elimhlophe, whale. Kuthathwa ukuba uhehema lwesitya sokuhlambela entla kwechibi i Sannikov Land kaHomer.

Njengoko abaququzeleli phulo, ukusebenza kunye mali esinzulu enjalo akwenziwanga ngaphambili kwi Arctic kunangaphambili.