Izinga Ukufunyanwa kwe yokuhlawula amatyala: olungumgubo nokubalwa isampuli

Yokuhlawula amatyala yenye izalathisi ezingundoqo yokusebenza yenkampani. Oku kubonisa ubuchule yenkampani ukuze imelane nentlawulo yezibophelelo yayo.

nokuhlola

Njengoko umthombo ulwazi uhlalutyo yokuhlawula amatyala itshe kwiphepha lomncono. Enye yeenjongo zayo eziphambili kukuvandlakanya impahla zenkampani, amatyala equity zabelo '. Ukuze ubone le parameters kuyimfuneko ukuhlalutya isakhiwo asethi namatyala nkampani, ukuseka izinga lomncono amatyala. Ngaphezulu, kufuneka enze kubalwe kunye nokuhlolwa ngoyena yokuhlawula amatyala kunye nokuzinza kwezoqoqosho. imeko yemali Umyinge nkampani iphawulwa kumgangatho elungileyo ngezakhono ukuze abuyisele nezibophelelo. On isikhundla enganelisiyo uthe inani eliphantsi zokubuyiselwa yokuhlawula amatyala. Elilelona kucingwa ukhetho xa le nkampani analo ukufikelela imali yokuhlawula amatyala. Kodwa inkampani sinokuhlala ezinganyibiliki kakhulu, nokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba uqonde asethi ukuhlawula amatyala. Kulo mzekelo, imali zisenokungafumaneki kwi nkampani.

Ixabiso Solvency alulame lomlingani

Ukungqinelana noMthetho Federal "Kwi wokuphelelwa", phantsi amatyala lweshishini kufuneka baqonde ukusetyenziswa unetyala okanye inkundla wayiqaphela nokungakwazi ukufikelela ngokupheleleyo iimfuno Iwabantu abatyalwayo, okanye ukuhlawula iintlawulo ezifunekayo. Phambi ukwamkelwa kule mihla mthetho wenza enye inkqubo ingqalelo nkampani yimali. Ukuze ozakuthathwa inkampani waba otshonileyo, kwakudingeka ukuba ukubala:

1. Ukungavumelani kwe kubuyiselwa yokuhlawula amatyala.
2. Umlinganiselo amatyala iyonke.
3. Factor yokuba ikomkhulu labo ukusebenza.

Kwamatyala luphawu impahla yenkampani, nto leyo umiselwa ukuba nokwenzeka ukuphunyezwa kwazo kwixesha elifutshane ixabiso nemakethe. izinga Ukufunyanwa kwe yokuhlawula amatyala le nkampani esebenza njenge zemali isibonisi, yezoqoqosho ebonisa ukukwazi inkampani ukuba bangene ibakala amatyala kangangoko kangangeenyanga ezintandathu ngexesha komhla lomncono.

ngezigaba asethi

Le okuhlamba isekelwe phezu umlinganiselo amatyala. Ii-asethi kunokuba phezulu, Ezincinane illiquid. Enyukela ihloniphekile:

1. sites engagqitywanga ukwakhiwa, izakhiwo, izakhiwo, izixhobo, oomatshini.
2. Umthamo kwezixa yorhwebo kunye nezinto ezibaliweyo ezikwindawo yokugcina impahla.
3. izabelo okanye izibambiso ephethwe ngurhulumente.
4. Imali-akhawunti zebhanki.

izinga Ukufunyanwa kwe yokuhlawula amatyala: formula

Inkcazelo Isalathisi ekhoyo kwindawo methodological leyo ebonisa uqikelelo imeko eziphathekayo kunye isimo esimaxongo wephepha yayo eseleyo. Uxwebhu kwakhona nosondeza lenxaki ngazo ukuze ufumane umlinganiselo kwakhona yokuhlawula amatyala. Ifomula yile ilandelayo: eziyi = (K1F + 6 / T (K1F - K1N)) / 2.

Le equation esetyenziswa yi na amatyala ratio ye nkampani kunye neenkcukacha yayo;

• inani ngqo liqondo of amatyala (ekupheleni) - K1F;
• lomlingani wokuqala - K1N;
• index ngokutsho norm - K1norm = 2;
• ixesha sokubuyiselwa yokuhlawula amatyala - 6 (ngenyanga.);
• ixesha ingxelo (kubalwa ngeenyanga.) - T.

Isiphumo echanekileyo ngakumbi zingafumaneka ixesha ka-4 okanye ngaphezulu. Ngokutsho zezoqoqosho, ngumlingani yokuhlawula amatyala okubuyiswa asinto sisalathisi kuphela ekufuneka ilandelwe.

Recognition Isakhiwo balance enganelisiyo

Ngexesha kuhlalutyo, iqatshelwe into yokuba ukuba lweshishini utshonile, nayiphi na imiqathango ilandelayo kufuneka izaliseke:

• amatyala ratio ekupheleni kwexesha lokunika ingxelo ye ngaphantsi kwe-2.
• Ozibonakalisa ngayo imali yawo ngomhla lomncono lingaphantsi kwe-0.1.

Cinga ngendlela ngumlingani okubuyiswa kunokuba yokuhlawula amatyala.

umzekelo

Ngexesha yokugqibela kwizalathisi unyaka amatyala ekuqaleni kwethuba yaba ukuya 0,97 ekupheleni kuka - 1.18. Usebenzisa ifomula ngasentla, sinako ukufumana: Ap = 6/12 + 1.18 (1.18 - 0.97) = 0.3528.

Ukuba izibalo ifunyenwe isalathiso mkhulu kuno-1, ngoko singatsho ukuba siqinise unalo ithuba lokuzuza imeko ngeyona mali kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu ezilandelayo. Ukuba ukubuyiselwa yokuhlawula amatyala ratio ye ngaphantsi kwe mnye, ngokulandelelana, kwiinyanga ezintandathu ezilandelayo, inkampani aziyi kuba nako ukuphumeza uzinzo eziyimfuneko kwezoqoqosho.

ukuqikelela

Ukunciphisa factor / ilahleko yokuhlawula amatyala igqalwa zenkampani ephambili kuhlalutyo yolawulo. Ezi zikhombisi ukuvumela ukucwangcisa umsebenzi zemali kunye nezoqoqosho kangangexesha elithile. izinga Ukufunyanwa kwe yokuhlawula amatyala kwenza kube lula ukuba awabe transactions kunye nemali ukuze iinyanga ezintandathu ezilandelayo ukuba uphume lenkampani ukusuka ntlekele. Nangona kunjalo, le meko enjalo iphetshwe. Ukuze wenze oku, ukubala inani amathuba imandundu yenkampani yangoku iinyanga ezintathu emva komhla wokwenza ingxelo: Kup = [K1f + 3 / T (K1f - K1n)] / K1norm.

Kuba benchmark, apho kuthelekiswa umlinganiselo recovery / ilahleko yokuhlawula amatyala unit lithathwe. Ukuba isalathiso mkhulu kuno-1 kubalo amathuba imandundu kwi imeko zemali, oko kuthetha ukuba inkampani wonke ithuba singaphelelwa amatyala abo. Ngako oko, ukuba ixabiso ngaphantsi kwe-1, inkampani libe otshonileyo kwiinyanga ezintathu ezizayo.

Ikhomba ungonakala amanga

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho inkqubo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo wovavanyo. Xa uhlalutyo akukho kuqiniseka ngokwayo kuphumelele, walubonakalalisa iimpawu ungonakala yobuqhophololo. Bamele ukuba inkampani unendlela wokwenene ukuyibuyisa izibophelelo tyalwayo ngokupheleleyo ngomhla wokungeniswa kwesicelo ukuqaphela yayiwa yayo. Ukuchongwa ezi mpawu lwenziwa xa umisela ukukwazi ukuhlawula amatyala asethi ngolwalamano lwabo ubungakanani kunye ubungakanani liabilities zexesha elifutshane. Xa izibalo ababandakanywa mali ngesifo sephepha, ingeniso, kwaye oovimba iintlawulo kunye neendleko. Emva ukwenza ubalo oluyimfuneko ezingafundwa:

• Ukuba iqondo ukhuseleko ilingana no okanye inkulu kuna 1, ngoko kukho ubungqina ungonakala yobuqhophololo.
• Ukuba ixabiso le ngaphantsi kwe umanyano, ngoko, oko, ukusilela yokwenene.

Ukukhangela ukusebenza zemali kunye nezoqoqosho inkampani

Le nkqubo ibandakanya izigaba ezibini:

• Esibala izalathisi ekuthinteleni izakhono yenkampani nokuyibuyisa izibophelelo ezenzeka ngexesha lokuhlolwa.
• Ukuhlaziya iimeko yentengiselwano awabangela ukuba amaxabiso hlengiso.

Iimpawu ezibonisa inqanaba isikweliti amatyala, ezi zinto zilandelayo:

• Ukubonelelwa yokusebenza namatyala eyinkunzi.
• Umthamo net assets.
• Ubukho yonke impahla namatyala.

Uphononongo lomsebenzi mali kunye nezoqoqosho inkampani ibandakanya isifundo malunga nemiba kwezi zalathisi ngexesha lovavanyo. Kwimeko kweqonga yokuqala inkqubo, ukwehla kwiqondo ebonakalayo zokuphepha ityala wabe ekuhlalutyeni iimeko phantsi apho imicimbi engekenziwa ukulungiselela ixesha elicaziweyo. Ngaba kuthathelwa ingqalelo abo yesivumelwano, nenokuthi kuchaphazela utshintsho kumazinga.