Uthixokazi Hecate - isithixokazi wobumnyama In kwiintsomi zamaGrike

E Greece yamandulo, njengokuba eRoma, zonqulo yaba ubuhedeni luphawulwa mnogobozhestvom, ebizwa kwakhona polytheism. Oku kuthetha ukuba umlinganiswa onoxanduva ngamnye wentsomi yonke indawo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Isithixo ephambili, ebizwa oothixo iquke elinesibini angaphezu, wakhokela nguZeyus, lowo ingqalelo umninindlu zezulu, Thunderer kunye isimntwiso igunya elipheleleyo. Esangqeni elimxinwa nazo ziquka umfazi wakhe zekhompyutha, axhasa usapho; Poseidon, owayesakuba kukho uhlobo UNobhala Navy; Athena, ezaziphethe ubulumko; Aphrodite, leyo lalibukele imitya uthando lobuhle; Ares, inkokeli ye-ngqwayi zomkhosi, kodwa uArtemis, Apollo, uHerma, Hephaestus, Demeter kunye Hestia. Zonke ezi ngamaqhawe yeentsomi ukongeza iimpawu zabo ezizodwa yaye omnye impahla umdla. Baba ifana kakhulu kubantu abaqhelekileyo imbonakalo kunye nezenzo, kunye neenjongo zakho. Irobhothi kwezi zithixo wafumana igama anthropomorphism. Uthixokazi Hecate e kwiintsomi zamaGrike elusuku olukhe-. Waye balinqula, babingelela lukhulu, kodwa ukwenze rhoqo, ngenyameko kakhulu, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu ngokufihlakeleyo.

imvelaphi

Ukuba Apollo wayenguthixo ukukhanya, kusengqiqweni ukuba umntu eGrisi yamandulo kwafuneka ukuba baphendule bamafu nesithokothoko. Naye ninjalo ke uthixokazi Hecate, obizwa ngokucacileyo umlinganiswa chthonic, ezikhuphile neentsomi esemthethweni amaxesha doolimpiyskih, oko kukuthi, phambi kokuba noZeyus unyukela engcwele kwiNtaba Olympus. imithwalo yakhe yayiquka kweliso ukukhafula, ubugqwirha, amabi nezinye nengqondo ongemhle zezinto ezenziwa luluntu. Imvelaphi inxalenye yayo kwimpuma, uthathwa uyise titanium Pearce (umbhuqi), kunye nomama wakhe - Asteria (isithixokazi ukukhanya, zezihlabo neziprofeto ubusuku, namaphupha, ukuvumisa kunye umkhwa). esihogweni uthixokazi Hecate - njengoko umzukulwana onguHelios (i-Sun). Konke oku kuthetha ukuba uxhulumaniso ngqo ngokwemilibo kunye celestials Olimpiki (ngokwe uHesiod) yena akafumaneki. Ngaphezu koko, iluphawu iklasi uwoyisile Titans, kodwa, nangona oku, iye yaqinisekisa ukuba imisebenzi yayo kwaye liyifumene ngokubhekiselele kaZeyus, ngubani wamazisa ukuba kwisangqa imxinwa abemi oothixo abatsha, emnike wakhe umsebenzi onoxanduva kakhulu.

Umda kwemisebenzi Hecate

Uthixokazi Hecate ubumnyama liyi- akusoloko eyoyikekayo - kusiza abantu kubomi babo bemihla ngemihla, obunye ezizalayo imfuyo, ulawulo mzekelo, ibandla labantu, ezemidlalo kunye impumelelo zomkhosi. Ukongeza, owawubakhusela ngayo abantwana abancinane nabo bakwishumi elivisayo, "olawula" ngumama, incede ngokuzalwa (ngoku bekuya kubizwa ngokuba umsebenzi osana) kunye imfundo. Kwaye ke uthixokazi Hecate wanceda abasemzini, wandithuthuzela abathandi bamshiya. Loo uluhlu olubanzi imisebenzi ngenxa yokuba eminye imisebenzi iye yatshintshelwa kwi-Apollo, uArtemis noHermes. Kodwa kuphela "umsebenzi wesingxungxo." Kwaye eyona nto uhlala ebumnyameni kuye.

image Research

Ukukhankanywa yokuqala ziphuma kwi "Theogony" uHesiod (imibongo Greek amaqhawe phakathi VIII kunye kwiinkulungwane VII BC. E.). Umbhalo emasangweni esixeko samandulo eMileto ngokohlobo kwegama uthixokazi njengoko umdlali okhuselayo eye bobunye ubungqina bobukho bayo kunqulo akudala Greek (malunga VI BC. E.).

I imifanekiso anike ingcamango malunga ifomu odnolikih ababhinqileyo, kwixesha elizayo kwakukho kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo inani elikhulu labantu (ikakhulu ezintathu kodwa ngamanye amaxesha amane). Ngowe-1896, umbhali-mbali Lewis Richard Farnell waphawula ukuba imifanekiso kunye iimbekiselo zoncwadi zixhaphake kakhulu kwi namadlelo ngakumbi Kumaziko polytheism zamaGrike. Uthixokazi ubumnyama HECATE wachaza ziyaphikisana kunye polymorphonuclear and definition yayo kunye nenkcazelo kwabaleka nawuphi na umfundi. imihlaba bayo - umhlaba, ulwandle kunye nesibhakabhaka. ikhono layo ukudala okanye ndizinyathele izaqhwithi, mhlawumbi wadlala indima ekwenzeni oku umxhasi ongcwele abalusi kunye noomatiloshe.

inyanga

ngosuku lokugqibela lwenyanga bobabo Hecate, ngeli xesha amaGrike amandulo waqubuda kuye lula kwaye zanyangwa izicelo zabo. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ubuye isithixokazi kwenyanga. Hecate badla uvezwa izinja zakhe ezingcwele, maxa wambi ambethe ingubo ubude eliphakathi kwaye booted nomzala wakhe, abakhusela abazingeli. Kodwa Hecate kunye izinja zakhe basoloko iintloko ezintathu yaye uyakwazi ukubona zonke iindlela. Kanye Artemis, lesiGrike uthixokazi Hecate uthanda wabucala kwaye eyintombi. Oku kuthetha ukuba uninzi uncwadi waba akazange atshate kwaye lungazaliyo abantwana. Mhlawumbi oku kubangelwa kukungabikho ngoyolo ngumama, yena ukhusela abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye lula ukubandezeleka kwabo. Imela uthixokazi Hecate nesigxina impilo yabantwana.

imilo

Ngokutsho ilivo, kuba engabonakali okanye wayevakalelwa intshukumo ukukhanya ethereal. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuba olu phawu Hecate ithathwa isithixokazi kwenyanga, nangona imifanekiso yayo zichasene kulo mbono. Kuyinto kunokwenzeka (njengoko abathile izazinzulu zikholelwa) ukuba ubuchule layo likhazimle ngokukhuthazwa umfanekiso nonina, inkwenkwezi Asteria. oqingqiweyo ngalinye uthixokazi Hecate kunika uluvo kungekhona abantu ethile ethereal, kodwa kunokuba okuqinileyo nasemhlabeni kakhulu. Ngenxa umnqweno ukusombulula le ntswela kubonakala edangatyeni, yona abakroli zamandulo zamaGrike wabeka esandleni sakhe. Ngokuqhelekileyo, isithixokazi kwelabafileyo, Hecate uchazwa inzwakazi (mzekelo, nangona kunjalo, ezintathu-headed), kodwa ke ngamanye amaxesha intle eyoyikisayo. Maxa wambi ingonyama, inyoka, ihashe, inja okanye zehagu iintloko (nendibaniselwano ezahlukeneyo). Iyaqondakala kutheni kucingwa isithixokazi ulwazi kunye nemibono.

amakhono

ukukwazi kwakhe ukubona kumacala emininzi (kuquka elidlulileyo, ngoku nakwixesha elizayo) kanye ngundoqo zeemposiso edumileyo. Ngokomzekelo, xa Hadesi ukubiwa Persephone, ukuba Hecate, ebinezinto ithuba ukubona yonke indlela eya ubukumkani kwabafileyo, sikhatshwe Demeter zifuna intombi yakhe ezilahlekileyo, zicacisa umendo letotshi yakhe. Lemimoya uthixokazi Hecate iqhubeka nokudlala indima ebalulekileyo kubomi Persephone, ayigcine ngexesha abathinjwa yonyaka. Nelabafileyo waba ubuhlobo wonwabile naye, wabonisa ububele bakhe, bandibekayo lwakhe njengeendwendwe zakhe, abaya kuvunyelwa ukuba beze ngokukhululekileyo uhambe.

Ngokutsho legend, watyelela loo mangcwaba, amangcwaba kunye nemifanekiso ulwaphulo-mthetho, kunye ukufika kwayo lidla lwandulelwe ukukhonkotha okanye umkhulungwane izinja. Kwakhona ingqalelo uthixokazi Hecate, umKhuseli ye abavikivekileyo. ERoma yamandulo, amakhoboka amaninzi kukhululwa bayihambise njengonqulo ababingeleli emiyezweni ezizodwa, eyakhiwa imbeko yakhe.

Victims of Hecate

Nto ibalulekileyo kunqulo babezinikele isithixokazi kwihlabathi lamandulo ekuthiwa-Hecate isidlo sangokuhlwa. Wayibopha ngenjongo lokungxengxeza umxhasi enamandla bathukwa size siphephe ezininzi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka xa kuthe amanqanaba ngokungafanelekanga yokubonakalaliswa uhloniphe (kwabafileyo ukuhamba, iziporho, umzekelo). Amadini zasiwa kudibana Iindlela oqingqiweyo, yaye izinto ezahlukeneyo. Ukholelwa ukuba kufuneka babe nesisa, nokuba kungabikho nkalo angayiveleliyo iimvana amaqanda, ubisi, ubusi kunye black - kuba yeyona nto athanda ukuyitya Hecate. Yothixokazi umnikelo kwabelwane abantu abangenamakhaya kunye beswele aba, aphantsi ukhuseleko lwayo. wavuma Kwakhona yaba ekupheleni kwenyanga egcwele ukuma embundwini womnyango chicken iintliziyo, bebingelela ngenxa yozuko Hecate. Imbali ayithethi ngayo abo badla, kodwa ndiyaqonda ukuba iikati nezinja ukuba bavuya gqitha.

iikowuteshini

Kwiintsomi ongumRoma, Hecate wayesaziwa ngokuba Trivia (uthixokazi ekwahlukaneni kweendlela). AmaGrike amandulo waqubuda kuye nje uthixo wenzala kunye nobuninzi, neNyanga kunye Haunted Hill. isizathu umdla wentsomi kuba kutheni uthixokazi Hecate kuzisa ubutyebi. Quotes ezivela imibhalo yamandulo zibonisa ukuba:

1. "yothixokazi Gala ngalo uthando lukaThixo ... wazala Asteria, leyo Perses wamngenisa kwindlu enkulu ukubiza wakhe nomfazi wam endimthandayo. Kwaye wamitha, wamzalela Hecate ukuba kaZeyus, nyana ka-Kronos, ubezukile yena ngaphezu kwayo yonke. "

2. "Wanika izipho zakhe ezimangalisayo, umyinge komhlaba azifumani ulwandle. Uphinde wawongwa nesibhakabhaka esimnyama kunye nembeko oothixo ongafiyo. Kuba xa kukho namnye umntu emhlabeni inika imibingelelo etyebileyo uyathandaza ubabalo ngokwesiko, ubiza phezu Hecate. "

3. "Liqhayiya uyeza kuye imithandazo isithixokazi yonke, yaye umnika ubutyebi."

4. "Xa abantu ezaxhobela imfazwe, uthixokazi onika lowo kusiza. Kwakhona olungileyo xa abantu bathi waphumelela umdlalo, ngokuba isithixokazi nabo, lowo wamkela amandla nokomelela koyisa, ngokulula waphumelela ibhaso izityebi ngovuyo kuzisa uzuko kubazali bakhe. "

5. "imihlambi yeemazi neenkomo ezibanzi iibhokhwe kunye imihlambi yeegusha anoboya, ukuba unqwenela, ukwanda ukusuka ezimbalwa, okanye nokuba kwenza ukuba ibe ngaphantsi."

wayengumfundisi of Hecate

UEuripides 'Iphigenia e Tauris "kubonisa ngqo yokuba" Iphigenia wayengumbingelelikazi uthixokazi, balinqula thole ".

Myeki enamandla Circe (Circe), umlinganiswa i "Odyssey" kaHomer, Kukholelwa ukuba ibe wayengumfundisi ka Hecate, kakhulu.

Kwakhona Medea waba wayengumfundisi kunye ezifihlakeleyo abanjwe nokukhafula. Uye wabakhuthaza ukuba igama Hecate e Colchis kunye eliseKorinte, ngoko wathumela kuye: ". ... imini yonke ekwakusetyenzwa etempileni Hecate, njengokuba yena ngokwakhe wayengumfundisi uthixokazi ' Kwaye kwakhona: "Kukho intombazana ... ukuba uthixokazi Hecate wafundisa ukuphatha imifuno magic kunye nangobungcibi libalaseleyo" ( "Book of the Argonauts», III).

Ekugqibeleni Medeya wayalela Argonauts Ukuhlawulela umbingelelo Hecate.

Yintoni Hecate

Emva kokufunda lonke umfundi ibihlaba abalinganiswa lula zokuvavanywa scheme lwala maxesha kunye hlula kubo bachasene nabo baphambili, mhlawumbi unomdla impendulo yombuzo apho udidi kwezidalwa basentsomini kufuneka zihlelwe wayengengothixokazi yamandulo Greek Hecate. ingaba umfanekiso walo kakuhle, okanye ke kunoko yomntu iphela? Kungenzeka, indlela enjalo iwise ngumhlali of Greece in a wobuthongo. Inyaniso kukuba oothixo luzayo sinikwe imikhwa yabantu abaqhelekileyo. Baba ukunconywa ezinqwenelekayo, bona ngokuxhomekeke izilingo efanayo njengoko abemi rhoqo Greece yamandulo okanye eRoma, baza bafuna neminikelo emininzi, yaye abazange ukuphepha uvuyo zabantu elula. Ngenxa yoku, baba abayinqobo neemvakalelo ngabantu abaqhelekileyo. Umntu ke sympathized, yaye ezinye musa. Yenza izigqibo ezifanayo malunga nendlela ezilungileyo, elungileyo, okanye, phezu koko, ububi elivu-, iqatshelwe into yokuba akwamkelekanga kwihlabathi lamandulo. Ngoko ke, loo nto, kwaye lo msebenzi kuphela ukuba ukukholisa ezi oothixo.

Kuthekani ukuba Statue of Liberty - lo mfanekiso ...

It nje Kwenzeka ukuba izithethe ezixabisekileyo zedemokhrasi iplanethi yethu ukunxulumana abalinganiswa Yehlabathi Elitsha. Enye yazo Statue of Liberty, zakhiwe yi nomkroli French UFrédéric Auguste Bartholdi, ukuba benze iimbono Masonic. Umbhali uye ngaphambili okuphakanyiswe ukudala umsebenzi imbeko le mpucuko oriental uze uyifake kwi emnyango Suez Canal, kodwa ke zange ukusebenza, kodwa unako kamva ukuba idumileyo US. Ziintoni iimpawu eziqhelekileyo kulo mfanekiso na uthixokazi Hecate nobumnyama? Umfanekiso kuphakamisa itotshi, leyo ngokungangqalanga vu ebumnyameni ezingqongileyo. Intloko eli nenekazi ebekwa yi isithsaba eyakhiwa spikes etsolo. Xa kuthelekiswa ezi mpawu Inkululeko kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yamaGrike kuvela engathandi unxulumano ezithile. Ngaphezu kwako konke, nomfanekiso American yothixokazi Hecate ukhumbuza ubumnyama. Photo imifanekiso umntu kunika uluvo lokuba ebuhleni, ngaphandle ebangela oko naziphi unxulumano inkanuko. Yintoni akhangele kuba emva kwemini ngomlilo yaye kutheni itotshi yakhe? Yintoni na umtha iimpondo, labasibekela ebunzi, ngathi iinyoka Gorgon?

Ngoku kuphela ndiyaqikelela ukuba uthixo kwakuthetha Bartholdi, ukusebenza imizobo yakhe. Inyaniso kukuba lo ezifanayo engenakuphikwa, zona uphawu 'idemokrasi jikelele "kunye uthixokazi lemimoya Hecate. Iifoto kwezi statues ukuthelekisa ngokulula. Njengoko bekunjalo kwixesha leminyaka elidlulileyo, eyiphakamisayo ezingqondweni ithemba, abanye eyoyikisayo. Kanti abanye anikholelwa egunyeni lobumnyama, kwaye ukulungele ukujamelana nayo.