IManifesto-Oktobha 17, 1905: isimo kunye neziphumo

isenzo yowiso okanye Manifesto-Oktobha 17, 1905, nolwathi lwaphuhliswa ngurhulumente kwaye zisayinwe nguMlawuli Nicholas II, ise ngumba impikiswano.

Kutheni uyimise Manifesto?

Ukuqala kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini yayingazinzanga kwaye malopredskazuemy ngenxa iinguqulelo ezininzinzi kweli karhulumente kunye noluntu. uqoqosho yeli lizwe ngenxa ukupheliswa serfdom ezilahlekileyo yabasebenzi free. Kwelinye icala - imigudu abangenazakhono of ngamakhoboka Wayengavumi ukuba kubekho ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kwemveliso kwezoshishino kunye noqoqosho emarikeni. Uqoqosho ke ukuwa phambi kwamehlo ethu. Bekwimo nempumelelo phantsi kolawulo kakuhle kakhulu loMlawuli Nicholas II, eRashiya waba kuxhomekeke ityala yangaphandle, indlala elizweni. Abantu bathatha ezitratweni. zaqalwa ezincinane ikhula, ngokuthe ngcembe yaba ezifana amanyathelo yokwenene olululo. "Sunday" yaba negalelo uqhankqalazo ubunzima, apho waqalisa ukulawula nasekuqeqesheni aphikisayo. Kuba ngqa ngexesha emiboniso Oktobha waqalisa ukuya kufuna ukubhukuqwa ngamandla yedwa soMhlekazi ixilongo. Bafuna izenzo awalithabathayo abasemagunyeni. Phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo, oko yaphuhliswa Manifesto Oktobha 17, 1905.

Indlela kakumkani kunye norhulumente ukuba izenzo mass

ngabantu abangaphezulu kwezigidi ezibini waya ugwayimbo ngo-Oktobha, ngexesha kwincopho zomsebenzi axhobileyo yaBantu. Okokuqala basebenzisa amandla nxamnye njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, ngoko iliza yezigwebo ngokufanayo yobukumkani, nto leyo esenza ngakumbi iindimbane. ke abantu bade namandla ngaphezu ngexesha serfdom, kwaye anqunyulwe naliphi na ithuba lokuvakalisa iminqweno yabo iviwe. Buyela ngoMeyi 1905 iinzame ukunciphisa amandla umlawuli ukwabelana amagunya bakhe Duma. Ukumkani akazange basayine olu xwebhu. Phantsi koxinzelelo iziganeko inguqu, kwaye Nicholas II, kwaye urhulumente Witte kwafuneka abuyele xwebhu. Misa kubulawa, igazi, uqhankqalazo ubunzima umlawuli kwaye urhulumente wagqiba ukunceda Manifesto, leyo sy Witte ize isayinwe Nicholas II.

Ixabiso le Manifesto-Oktobha 17, 1905 likhulu - ukuba kukho Russia utshintsho yokuqala ebalulekileyo kukarhulumente, owathatha ukumkani neNgonyama siseko.

Yintoni ukuthetha uxwebhu yembali?

Olu xwebhu, owaziwa imbali i "IManifesto ukuphuculwa ucwangco loluntu", eyasayinwa ngomhla we-17 Oktobha 1905 ngu uNicholas II of Russia le nguzwilakhe, kwakumele ukuba utshintsho elihle kurhulumente. IManifesto-Oktobha 17, 1905 pha:

• Resolution on inkululeko yesazela, intetho, umbutho kunye ibandla, leyo nangoko yabangela iintshukumo ezininzi zezopolitiko kunye namaqela abaqhankqalazi.
• Ukwamkelwa ngokukhethwa amacandelo ahlukeneyo labemi, nokuba ithini na imeko yentlalo kunye nemeko eziphathekayo, eyayisisiqalo zoluntu oluxhamla intlalo yedemokhrasi.
• imvume olugunyazisiweyo nguRhulumente Duma kwimithetho ezahlukeneyo, epapashwe sikarhulumente. Mbusi ukususela ngaloo mzuzu yayeka ukuba umlawuli kuphela Russia kunye mthetho, njengoko amandla alo ukulawula Duma.

Nangona kunjalo, lo Manifesto-Oktobha 17, 1905, okubhalwe apho Kuye kwanikezwa ukuqala zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini, ayizange iguquke ngokwesiseko imeko kweli lizwe.

amatsha ngenxa October isenzo mthetho

Loo Manifesto-Oktobha 17, 1905 ingamiswa ixesha lo mbuso, kodwa uluntu Russian, ngokukhawuleza kwacaca ukuba eli ithambo aphoswe olambileyo. utshintsho Eyona engalandelwa. Bona kuphela ephepheni. Ukuvela umzimba lowiso mihla, nto leyo nomdla ngokoluvo abantu, isikhundla lo mlawuli kumthetho kunye nenkululeko ezithile banikwa ithuba lokuhlela inani elikhulu lweentshukumo inkcaso kunye namaqela.

Kodwa ke ukungabikho uququzelelo iqela eziphambili, izibheno ezininzi ezizinzululwazi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kuba ukuphelisa kwintlekele yoqoqosho nangoku wabamba lizwe phantsi. Nicholas II ukugcina ilungelo sokuwuchitha Duma, ngoko abewamemeza uYehova Manifesto ka-Oktobha 17, 1905, yaye izimvo zakhe bafumene uphuhliso kuyimfuneko, kodwa kuphela wenza isimo esingaphathekiyo ngakumbi.

nemiphumela zembali

Ngenxa imbalelwano alondolozwe kwaye iidayari ze uNicholas II wamangqina iziganeko ezininzi yaziwa kuthi. Emva kokuba imanifesto sasayinwa-Oktobha 17, 1905, igxila Witte wabonisa lutho, urhulumente uye wasilela ukubuyisela imeko kweli lizwe. Le meko iye yamiselwa yesiqhelo nokulwela indawo phantsi kwelanga. Intetho bubuciko xhwele, kodwa akazange ziqulathe izisombululo zokoyisa le ntlekele. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo - akukho mntu wayefuna athwale uxanduva olupheleleyo olunye inyathelo kulawulo lizwe, utshintsho zomthetho nenguqulo esebenzayo kwezoqoqosho. Umgaqo intshukumo ye abahlalutyi mlawuli sibukela kwaye iibhola ngaphandle isisombululo ebalulekileyo kule ngxaki sele umkhuba. iimpawu zobunkokeli, nto leyo eza kuphelisa le ntlekele, akukho namnye waba. Isithethe eminyaka ubudala of lobuzwilakhe akadalwanga ngelo ubuntu sigaba, ekwaziyo endaweni soMhlekazi, ubuncinane ngokuyinxenye.

izenzo Urhulumente kunye sy Witte

Witte, ngubani kwanyanzeleka ukuba iyalele ukudutyulwa demonstrators endaweni ukuvakaliswa yentando, wayefuna igazi zonke njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, kwaye endaweni yokwenza iingcebiso ezakhayo kurhulumente ijikwe ibe umsiki. Kodwa akukho nokuba kuthiwa Manifesto Oktobha 17, 1905, olu xwebhu yaba kukutshintsha kwimbali kwinkqubo karhulumente Russian nezithethe kwiinkulungwane-ubudala. izenzo komlawuli kunzima ukuhlola ayintsokothanga.

IManifesto-Oktobha 17, 1905 wadlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimbali njengoko kuphela indlela ukubuyisela uzinzo kweli lizwe kunye nokubonelela kwiiklasi asezantsi amalungelo oluntu engephi.