Republic Ikhowudi yaye inxalenye ezaziwayo. Njani ehlabathini Ikhowudi republic?

republic Uvulo saa ehlabathini lonke. Amaninzi ke benziwa apho imidla ohlanganisa kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho kwamagunya mihla, ndamgqibela okanye , umgaqo-nkqubo jikelele okanye lommandla. Ngoko, amazwe ubunzima West, Russia, China ngoku ngokuya kulo mdlalo kwezopolitiko ikwazizinto bantu, evela kubani luxhomekeke, nokuba wadala okanye waqonda republic uya 'ngabantu grata' emehlweni ezininzi zehlabathi.

le nkcazelo

Yintoni republic eliyi? Eli gama libhekisela amaziko karhulumente ukuba ngokuzimeleyo isaziso zokurhoxa lwabo kwezinye uRhulumente, wabacacisela ukuzimela kwabo. kuvela ukuntsonkotha ukusuka yokuba ezi republic ngemihla yamva aziboniswanga phaya ngokwemigaqo amazwe, t. E. Uninzi amazwe musa ababamkeli ithi ezizimeleyo, ndakubona nje inxalenye ethile amanye amazwe. Noko ke, ukususela kwindawo kwezopolitiko lwembono, ukuba zonke iinkalo nakwiiriphabliki ezizimeleyo.

Iimpawu of Independent States

ithi iNkosi kufuneka ubuncinane iimpawu eziphambili ezintlanu:

- igama (elifakwe kumGaqo ngokusesikweni izenzo zomthetho kunye nemithetho ye self-abewamemeza republic);

- iisimboli zikarhulumente (iflegi, umhobe wesizwe, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu-siseko);

- labantu;

- oorhulumente, amasebe amathathu karhulumente - umthetho, kunye iijaji (bavame buzinze ezandleni ngumntu omnye);

- umkhosi.

Inkqubo yokuthathelwa ingqalelo States

I-sikhokelo ngamazwe esemthethweni ubudlelane phakathi kwamazwe eliyi kunye nakumanye amazwe wabeka izenzekele. kufuneka zibonwe ifomula izintlu ezintathu-Kule meko, inkqubo ecetywayo yi izazi 'ingqalelo "republic de facto, de jure ukuqondwa ozakuzo. Amaninzi, akukho amakhonkco kuphela, kodwa amanyathelo ukuba usandul owadalwa.

Inyathelo lokuqala - de facto - kuthetha ukuba kwilizwe elithile ukuzimela, kwaye uyakufezekisa zonke iimpawu karhulumente kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.

Inyathelo lesibini - i de jure. Kulo mba, amagunya eyaziwayo unokuba neentlobano amabini amazwe ahlukeneyo, kwaye Ezecala lesibini isenokuba republic engaziwa. Russia kunye namanye amazwe ehlabathi, le meko uyiqhelile. Ngokomzekelo, kwinkulungwane XX i US neentlobano ngokomthetho kunye Taiwan unilaterally kokukhupha umthetho okhethekileyo.

Inyathelo lesithathu limele isigqibo ngokusesikweni yobudlelwane phakathi-kurhulumente consulates kunye nonozakuzaku. Lo ngumphakamo eliphezulu ingqalelo ngamazwe ithi asakhulayo.

indaba

Kwimephu kwezopolitiko zehlabathi ixesha elide kukho ithi azinakanwa yi onke amazwe ehlabathi (ukususela kwinqanaba Ngenxa amazwe), kodwa zonke iimpawu geqe. Umzekelo omnye yokuqala ithi eliyi zokubonisana namhlanje kubizwa ngokuba Manchukuo, Japan yasekwa ngo-1932 e-China.

Emva yeSibini kweMfazwe Yehlabathi, kuzo zonke iindawo zehlabathi aqalile kuvela weRiphabliki lwabhalwa okanye ngokungaphelelanga ezaziwayo yi noluntu lwehlabathi. Ezi bangaphambili kulawulo izinto colonial, ikakhulu eAfrika Asia.

Ukukhula inkulu ngokwemiqathango kobungakanani ithi eliyi waqala 90 lwekhulu XX. Ukususela ngelo xesha, ukuze kuthiwe "akahoywa", "iSebe", "ikhefu" njalo njalo. D. "de facto ithi"

fashion ukubonakala

republic Uvulo emhlabeni kufuneka ibali eyahlukileyo. Kodwa nokudaleka ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ngendlela meko efanayo. Ngoko ke, xa ufunda ngendlela yehlabathi yezopolitiko, kunokwenzeka ukuba igama meko ezihlanu ezingundoqo:

1. Ngenxa yeenguqu. Owona mzekelo omkhulu kubizwa ngokuba imfundo weRiphabliki emva Oktobha Revolution kwindawo eyayisakuba ubukhosi Russian.

2. Ngenxa yoko yomzabalazo wenkululeko yesizwe. Ezi ziquka republic vo self-ebhengeziweyo, ukuzimela ngenxa nezibhengezo, imithetho okanye izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe. Ezi self-ezibhengeziweyo States of USA kunganxulunyaniswa, eyayisakuba yiSoviet Union , kunye nabanye.

3. Ngenxa yoko, ukwahlulwa post-imfazwe. Ngokomzekelo, emva kokuba Second kweMfazwe Yehlabathi eJamani kwasekwa GDR kunye FRG. Ngenxa yemfazwe yamakhaya kwi usingasiqithi Korean nazwe DPRK kunye Republic of Korea. A phawu olulodwa kulo mzekelo kukuba oko ekuqaleni zadalwa States ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ungayamkeli geqe ngabanye.

4. Ngenxa geqe yangaphambili izinto lobukoloniyali the ombaxa. A Umzekelo umxhelo - kuba lithanga nababefudula Empire British.

5. Ngenxa imidlalo politiko ithi ezaziwayo. Oku njalo kuxokwa-imimandla buffer okanye "unodoli ithi" - Far Eastern Republic, i-Independent State of iCroatia, kunye nabanye.

typology

Zonke republic eliyi lungohlulwa lube iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeendlela. Le yeyona iphambili kule meko ke indlela kolawulo phezu ntsimi. Ngenxa yoko, sinalo iintlobo 4 kumaqumrhu oluntu:

1. lithi Uvulo ukuba babe ulawulo olugcweleyo kwi nommandla wayo. Ezi ziquka Northern aseSipro Transdnistria.

2. States, kulawulo inxalenye yinxalenye nommandla wayo, asibonakali - Tamil Eelam, South Ossetia, kunye nabanye.

3. States, kwasekwa phantsi Protectorate lwamanye amazwe. Umzekelo, Kosovo, kuqwalaselwa ngokusemthethweni inxalenye Serbia, kodwa ngokwenyani elawulwa yi-UN ukususela ngowe-1999.

4. miqulu eselugcinwe yokuzibophelela - iintlanga abangazange bafumane ilungelo self-determination. Enye zimangalisayo kwezopolitiko kwihlabathi lanamhlanje ke Kurds lokuzimela-wavakalisa सुटणें ugwetyelo, ukwakweli ummandla ezine ithi: Aram, Iraq, Turkey ne Iran.

De facto kanye de jure

Uluhlu lonke ziiriphabliki eliyi zingahlulwa zibe-2 iindidi ezibanzi - "de facto" yaye "de jure".

De Ukuqaphela facto aliphelelanga kwaye ivakalisa ukungazithembi kwi iyahlala nozinzo urhulumente kwelo lizwe. Oku kuba neentlobano ezimela, kodwa ke loo nto iya kuba enyanzelekileyo.

Ingqwalasela jure de sesokugqibela kwaye luphawulwa kwamiselwa ubudlelwane ukulingana ngamazwe kunye onke amazwe ilungu UN. Ngokuqhelekileyo ekhatshwa iingxelo ezisemthethweni kunye nezivumelwano.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba okwangoku kukho uluhlu olupheleleyo iimpawu kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, njengoko apho urhulumente ntsha iya kuba naleyo de facto okanye de jure. Kwihlabathi zokubonisana kufuneka nje imithetho embalwa ingqalelo States.

Indima ithi Ikhonkco kwi namazwe

republic eliyi Modern hayi nje nendawo ukuba amaxwebhu ngokwabo abaqali, kodwa kwakhona bagcine ulwalamano elithile lithi eyaziwayo okanye nezinye iimanyano asibonakali.

Kule nkalo, kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba kwelona nqanaba liphezulu ozakuzo, amanye amazwe ukuze lwabhalwa, kodwa ngaxeshanye, oorhulumente zabo basebenzisane namanye States. Kananjalo ukuphuhlisa ubudlelwane kurhwebo kwezoqoqosho. Ingongoma ebalulekileyo intsebenziswano kwinkalo yemfundo.

Ngokupheleleyo zonke ubudlelwane interstate ngokusekelwe ezithile zomthetho izenzo, imiyalelo, nemimiselo kunye nezivumelwano.

republic Uvulo zehlabathi

Uluhlu ithi eliyi mkhulu ngokwaneleyo, oko linamanqaku ngaphezulu kwe-100. Republic ezi zifumaneka kumazwe-60. Uluhlu iquka ngokungaphelelanga eyaziwayo, ithi lwabhalwa kwaye ngokuyinxenye asibonakali.

Iqela lokuqala luquka abo ukuzimela uyavunywa amandla nje ezimbalwa. Umzekelo, Abkhazia, wabona ngamazwe zonke ezintandathu, okanye i-Turkish Republic of Northern kweSipro, ethathelwa ingqalelo kuphela Turkey ne Abkhazia.

Iqela lesibini kwilizwe self-wavakalisa azikhange zikhunjulwe nasiphi na isizwe - Somaliland, Puntland, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic nabanye.

Ngokupheleleyo ngurhulumente engaziwa ingabizwa ezinjalo, leyo wayibona ukuzimela uninzi UN angamalungu, kodwa amanye amazwe musa ukuya elo nyathelo. Umzekelo, Armenia ayamkelwa ngurhulumente omnye kuphela - Pakistan, Cyprus - Turkey kunye Republic of Korea - DPRK.

republic Ikhowudi ye ico, yaye indawo ngqo kwi kummandla lwamazwe ico kuqhubeka ukuba nzima ukuba ukuqondwa, kususela ekuweni eSoviet. Njengoko umzekelo Abkhazia. Emva eGeorgia umemezele zokurhoxa salo eSoviet Union, yena inxaxheba kule ngodaba ekungeneni SSG (Commonwealth of amazwe azimeleyo), ogama imfundo uphazanyiswe yi mdibi ngoAgasti 1991, kodwa kule mini Abkhazia engagqibekanga babeziqonda. Ukongeza ekunokuthiwa nkqu Nagorno-Karabakh Republic.

Njani ehlabathini Ikhowudi republic? Ngaphezu kwekhulu! Nokuba kukho zimbalwa kwixa elizayo - umbuzo entsonkothileyo kakhulu. Mhlawumbi akunjalo. Namhlanje le ngxaki ithi eliyi yenye yezona ludlule, kwaye impikiswano phezu ingqalelo kwaye non-obonakalayo lwamaqumrhu ezithile musa ayeke ukuba usuku olulodwa. Inyaniso kukuba emva eSoviet Union woyiswa kwi IMfazwe, i-West wayecinga ukuba nguye kuphela onelungelo ukuba abe iindima kamantyi, kuquka malunga ukuqondwa States hlobo. Noko ke, izinto ngoku kwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko zibonisa ukuba West ayisekho amandla kugqibelelo kulo mba, ngoko ke into yokuba kokuvela eCrimea kungena Russian Federation, isibhengezo kulo self-abewamemeza DND kunye LNR ulimele wadibana kwi-World eNdala, kwaye ingakumbi US.