Prince Sergei Volkonsky (Decembrist): ibhayografi emfutshane

Enye kumaphepha amaninzi umdla kwimbali Russian kwinkulungwane ye-19 le mvukelo le Decembrists. Uninzi lwamalungu ayo, ubeke usukelo ukuze atshabalalise lobuzwilakhe kunye serfdom, yayivela iintsapho edumileyo yeengcungcu, wafumana imfundo ezibalaseleyo bazibalula emkhosini, intsimi wozakuzo okanye boncwadi. Ziquka Sergei Volkonsky. Decembrist waphila iminyaka 76, apho engama-30 kwaba entolongweni yaye esekuthinjweni.

okhokho

Sergey Grigorevich Volkonsky (Decembrist) wazalwa ngo-1788 eMoscow. Xa kufuneka ukuba ubonise imvelaphi yabo, wasebenzisa ukubhala "zizikhulu Chernigov." Kulo mzekelo, kwaba nolwazi eqhelekileyo ukuba intsapho yakhe fanele ku Rurikovich kwaye kwicala likanina uyise-mkhulu waba ngumhlobo osenyongweni uPetros Great Marshal A. I. Repnin.

abazali

UYise Decembrists elizayo - Grigoriy Semenovich Volkonsky - yaba osebenza iinkokeli abaziwayo zomkhosi njengoko PA Rumyantsev, GA Potemkin, AV Suvorov N. V. Repnin. Yena inxaxheba phantse zonke iimfazwe zenkulungwane 18, kwaye kwixesha kwiminyaka 1803-1816 wenza imisebenzi irhuluneli-jikelele in Orenburg, uze emva koko yaba lilungu leBhunga State.

Akukho mntu kangako yodumo unina Sergei G. - Alexandra Nikolaevna. Wawusebenza State lady kunye obergofmeysterinoy kwi-3 Russian uKumkanikazi yaye lady order kavalerstvennoy of St. Catherine 1 isidanga. Njani ke, ngokutsho utatomkhulu Decembrist echaze yakhe umzukulwana Princess Alexandra Nikolaevna bomile kakhulu kwindalo kunye "endaweni iimvakalelo sokucinga kwamatyala kunye nengqeqesho."

ebuntwaneni

Biography of Decembrist Volkonsky ithi ubomi bakhe kwasekuqaleni into yokuba bonke babeqinisekile ukuba kwixesha elizayo uya kwenza umsebenzi omkhulu.

Ngexesha lokuzalwa kwakhe wenza ummiselo kaPetros, ekuthi ngawo abantwana Noble ukuqalisa inkonzo kunye ezintlwini amajoni. Kakade ke, abazali onemfesane zinonxibelelwano kunye imali ixesha elide wafumana indlela yokucima ngayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto, ngathi abaninzi oontanga bakhe kwiintsapho yeengcungcu, eneminyaka engama-8 Sergei Volkonsky endala lwabhalwa phoyisa kwi Kherson webutho, wamnika ithuba ngexesha lokufika yobudala "kamva kukhuthazwa 'ukuya kutsho kwisikhundla segosa. Enyanisweni Volkonsky (Decembrists kwixesha elizayo) yaba ufikisa esikolweni esinaleni yeengcungcu yodumo Abbe Nicolas, kunye nomkhosi kuphela ngo-1805 njengoko Lieutenant ka-Calvary webutho.

Ukuqala umsebenzi wakhe wamajoni

Kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuqalisa inkonzo ngo-1806, umthetheli oselula waya Prussia njengoko mkhosi of Field Marshal uMikhail Kamensky. Kuye kubekho ukudideka, njengoko amakhwenkwe chuck lokungavinjwa bashiya indawo eentloko ezaxhobela Russian, engafuni ukuba balwe uNapoleon.

wempi emangele wathi uLieutenant-General AI Osterman-Tolstoy, lowo wamthabatha phantsi kwephiko lakhe. Ngosuku olulandelayo Volkonsky (Decembrist) okokuqala wathabatha inxaxheba ekulweni, abe iqela emfazweni Pultusk.

Emva kokuba nokusayinwa Uxolo Tilsit wabuyela St. Petersburg kunye Order of St. Vladimir, i-Golden Cross kwemfazwe Eylau nencinane premium ikrele.

Ngowe-1810-1811 gg. Sergei Volkonsky wayesilwa ngasezantsi Turks, unikwe kwi-mkhosi khuthazwa ukuba mikhosi.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II

Ngelo xesha lokuhlasela uNapoleon ngayo eRashiya, Prince Sergei Volkonsky (Decembrist) yaba elikwinqanaba mkhosi ka-Alexander Yokuqala.

Yena inxaxheba iimfazwe Dashkovka kunye Mogilev, kwi Porec, kwi Vitebsk, kwi Zvenigorod, eMoscow emlanjeni, xa kwilali Orlov. Prince wazibonakalisa ngo-Oktobha 2 ngexesha kuliwee kwidolophu Dmitrov, kwaye wonyuselwa isikhundla sikhulu.

isibindi sakhe kwaqatshelwa, kwaye ngexesha ekulweni e ekudibaneni French ngokusebenzisa i Berezina River. Ke ukubonisa isibindi Volkonsky wawongwa Order of St. Vladimir weqondo wesithathu.

Emva kokuba ukugxothwa utshaba kummandla kwenene Russian, kunye nequmrhu Baron Wintzingerode waya kwiphulo iintlanga, yena inxaxheba iimfazwe ezininzi. Ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunikwa nje kuphela i-Russian uMlawuli, kodwa inkosi Prussia. Ngokutsho kwezinye iingxelo, ekupheleni kwemfazwe, Prince Volkonsky kuthwalelwa phandle odolo uMlawuli ozakuzo kunye nobukrelekrele, kuquka eParis ngexesha odumileyo iintsuku ezili-100.

Ngokuba nesibindi kwi iimfazwe Dennewitz kunye Grosse Beerene, waza wanikwa jikelele enkulu. Ngowe-1816 wamiselwa alimwi a wabacimi besahlulo 2 Uhlans, kunye kwiminyaka 5 kamva yadluliselwa kwindawo enye kwi-owuva ye-19 elihamba Division.

Ukuguqula

Ngowe-1819, SG Volkonsky (Decembrist) wabhala ingxelo ukuba imnike ikhefu elingenammiselo, kuba Wakugqala sisithuko buqu ngokuthi * uKhesare inguqulelo yakhe kwisikhundla sokuba ' "incwadi kwi intloko kweminyango.

Endleleni eya eYurophu, wayeka e Kiev, apho wadibana nomhlobo wakhe omdala uMajor General uMikhail Orlov, owathi, njengoko abaziintloko labasebenzi yeSine elihamba lweSizwe, waba yombutho ofihlakeleyo. Wacela Prince ukuya ntlanganiso, apho Volkonsky kuqala waqonda ukuba ukongeza emkhosini, kukho elinye ithuba lokuba sikhonze ezilungileyo iLizwe loobawo.

Njengoko kamva wabhala Sergei G. ke yaphela ukususela ngoko ukunyaniseka, yaye waba ngummi kwilizwe labo.

Esekhefini eyandisiweyo akungekhe kubekho mbuzo. Kungekudala Volkonskiy ke wadibana Pavlom Pestelem naqiniswa isigqibo sokuba abe lilungu yombutho ofihlakeleyo.

umshado

Ngowe-1821 Volkonsky (Decembrist) wamiselwa umthetheli-isicima yokuqala 19 elihamba Division Umkhosi Okwesibini, nto leyo sifakwe kwidolophu ekude Ukrainian of neendawo zokwakha. Prince ngokululama wawamkela lo kwisikhundla esitsha, intsingiselo isilayidi umsebenzi, waya kuloo ndawo inkonzo.

E Ukraine, wayedibana usapho Jikelele Rajewski, yaye ngowe-1824 wenza isindululo umtshato intombi yakhe uMariya, omnye udade wayetshate umhlobo wakhe uMikhail Orlov.

uyise wentombazana, emva kokuthi, wavuma umtshato, yaye ngoJanyuwari 1825 kwenzeka Kiev Wedding Volkonsky kunye okhethiweyo wakhe. Ngelo xesha ke umthetheli owayemele umzalwana wakhe UNikolai Repnin, kunye impelesi - Pavel Pestel.

Decembrist Volkonsky kunye nomfazi wakhe kunye kangangeenyanga ezi-3 kuphela, ekubeni kungekudala emva kokuba betshatile, ibhinqa eliselula wagula yaye wafudukela nentsapho yakhe ukuba ziphathwe Odessa. indoda Affairs Service ngenxa akwazi ukuhamba naye, yaye abazange ukuhlangabezana de entolongweni yakhe uPetros Paul Fortress.

Uthatho-nxaxheba December kwimvukelo

Emva kokuhamba umfazi wakhe Volkonsky ngoku- ngokupheleleyo ukulungiselela qhankqalazo. Phezu kwayo yonke loo manyathelo athathwe yi nabavukeli, ulwazi malunga ubukho yombutho ofihlakeleyo kwazeka kuwo onke amagunya. Ngokutsho memoirs ka Prince Alexander ngokwakhe ngexesha lokuhlolwa yokuqala ayinikwe wamlumkisa yokuziphatha kakubi.

NgoNovemba 1825 Volkonsky phambi amanye amagosa bafunda lokugula kakumkani, njengoko umzalwana wakhe umthetho waba ngomnye wabo ababehamba umlawuli ekuhambeni kwakhe baseTaganrog.

Yena wabikela intloko yakhe ngasese Society Southern - Pestel, eliqala thethwano ukuze kuvunyelwane ingxelo kunye i "northerners". Ukongeza, kunye Volkonski wenza icebo "1 January," ngokutsho apho Vyatka webutho, ukuze bambambe abasemagunyeni umkhosi aye Petersburg. Ukuze naye ke kwafuneka bazibandakanye 19 elihamba Division Volkonsky.

Isicwangciso ayiphumelelanga ngenxa kokubanjwa Pestel. Inkulu efanayo kakhulu enqaba ithuba lokuphakamisa imvukelo kwisahlulo sakhe kunye namandla ukukhulula abo babemenzele iyelenqe abaziintloko.

Uphando unobangela nabavukeli zibe yimpumelelo, kwaye sele-7 Januwari 1826 Sergeya Volkonskogo phantsi ebanjiwe. Ngaphambi koko, kwafuneka ukuba athathe umfazi wakhe kuzala unyana, eyamazibulo kule lali. Baby wazalwa ngoJanuwari 2, noMariya wagula kakhulu, wachitha ebhedini kwiinyanga 2 ezayo.

emva kokubanjwa kwakhe,

Sergey Volkonsky (Decembrist), ogama engobomi akusekho abaphandi abanomdla ukufunda imbali Russia ngenkulungwane ye-19, emva kokuba entolongweni kwaye ukungaphumeleli mvukelo e Yeengwevu Square wathunyelwa eSt Petersburg.

Xa umfazi wakhe Maria aqokelelwa emva kokuba ezelwe, walandela waza wenza usuku. Noko ke, beza imigudu yayo ilothe nto, yaye isikhulu wagwetywa iminyaka engama-20 zomsebenzi entolongweni kunye ekuthinjweni ngenxa yobomi Ububahluba zonke amabhaso, ezintlwini kunye nezihloko.

Maria Volkonskaia wacela ukumkani ukuba imvume ukulandela indoda yakhe. Kwimpendulo yakhe, Nicholas II, bazama ukumnqanda ibhinqa eliselula, kodwa hayi esalelweyo ukuba enze uyathandeka. Yiya, unyana ka elithi "eqwengiweyo" kwaye unina kwenene, kodwa nkqu watyelela naye enqabeni.

ejele

kwiintsuku ezili-10 emva kokuba isigwebo Decembrists Troubetzkoy kunye Volkonsky kunye nabanye abathathi-nxaxheba abaninzi mvukelo sele ithunyelwe kwindawo yokukhonza yesivakalisi. Prince Nicholas, okokuqala wabonakala phezu lweTyuwa Plant, uze emva koko bangena sam Blagodatsky. Apho wabekwa phantsi kweemeko ezinzima kakhulu. Ukongeza, amabanjwa Wabutha konke, kuquka iBhayibhile. Volkonsky wafikelwa ukudandatheka. Le intuthuzelo kuphela Prince waba ithemba ukufika ekhawulezileyo kaMariya.

Umhlangano nomfazi

Ngexesha imvukelo Decembrists babetshatile abantu-24. Okokuqala umyeni wakhe kufika n Trubetskaya. feat lwakhe iphefumlelwe kunye nezinye "Decembrists". Onke amadoda abo namadoda evela eSiberia wathumela iintombi 11. UMaria Volkonskaia yaba wesibini, owaba nako ukoyisa imiqobo kunye abe ngumfazi ukuxhasa ethembekileyo ngoxa evalelwe entolongweni yaye esekuthinjweni.

Sikunye Ekaterinoy Trubetskoy, bahlala kwindlu encinane kufuphi entolongweni baza baqalisa ukulima nje commoner.

Blagodatskikh of Volkonsky zam wathunyelwa Chita entolongweni, uze emva koko kwisityalo Petrovsky.

Ngowe-1837, kwakuba nzima ukuzala kwakhe liye lathatyathelw Urik zokuhlala apha elalini, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1845 Volkonsky wahlala Irkutsk. Xa ekuthinjweni, baba nabantwana ababini: unyana, nentombi.

ukubuya

Ngowe ngo1856 Volkonsky kuxolelwa ukuba resettle yaseYurophu eRashiya, ngaphandle ilungelo lokuba bahlale eMoscow okanye eSt Petersburg, kwaye kananjalo wayibuyisela yezikhulu.

Family ahlala ngokusesikweni namadlelo, kodwa eneneni, Sergei G. noMaria Nikolaevna wayehlala elikomkhulu, kunye nezalamane.

End of Volkonskiy ubomi abakhulileyo eyayibanjelwe e-Ukraine, iifanela idolophana, apho wabhala memoirs bakhe. ukufa umfazi uye phantsi impilo yakhe, waza wafa emva kweminyaka emi-2 emva, eneminyaka engama-76. Volkonskie wangcwatyelwa ibandla elalini, wakha intombi yabo. Itempile sachithwa ngo-1930, kwaye Lingcwaba sibini elahlekileyo.

Ngoku uyazi yintoni bayahlelwa Decembrists Volkonsky noko iinkonzo anazo phambi eRashiya.