Battle of Leipzig (1813)

Battle of Leipzig - enye iimfazwe ezinkulu ngexesha Napoleonic Wars. Yenzeka Saxony 4 - 7 Oktobha 1813 Olwa edabini yaba imikhosi yomkhosi uNapoleon kunye yesithandathu angalawuliyo anti-French.

IMVELAPHI ukulwa

iphulo Russian of kukaNapoleon ngo-1812, uphele ukusilela ngokupheleleyo. Oku kukhokelele ekuyilweni abachasi mlawuli yesithandathu angalawuliyo anti-French. Le nto ndiyibhalayo Russia, eNgilani, Prussia, Spain, Portugal, Sweden.

Le mfazwe yokuqala enkulu zenzeka phakathi ziintshaba e Bautzen, intshatsheli apho ibutho French. Amabutho yesithandathu lamisa anti-French waphumelela koyiswe uNapoleon kwi Grosberenom, Katzbach, kunye Dennewitz Kulm. Ngowe-1813, Amanyeneyo lasungula ekhubekisayo kwi Dresden kunye Saxony yaye kungekudala wathabatha idabi adumileyo Leipzig.

Imeko ngobusuku yedabi

Ukuze ukuqonda oonobangela iqhele uNapoleon kaThixo angoyiswa nempi yakhe, kufuneka siqwalasele le meko apho kwidabi Leipzig. 1813 yaba nzima ngokwaneleyo ukuze Saxony. Xa ekwindla yaloo mmandla 3 phambili imikhosi encedisayo: North (ngaphantsi umyalelo we-Swedish Crown Prince Jean Bernadotte), eBohemia (Austria Field Marshal K. Shvartserber) g kunye Silesian (Prussia General G. Blucher). Kwakhona baya kulwa; kunye Polish Army (Gen. L. Benningsen) sigcinwa ngokwetutyana reserve.

UNapoleon ekuqaleni wayenethemba lokuqhankqalaza ukhuphe amajoni, kodwa engqongileyo etshintsha ngokukhawuleza, ukunqongophala ixesha kunye nomgudu kwanyanzeleka ukuba ayiyeke injongo yakhe. Umlawuli yomkhosi French ndafakwa kwisithili Leipzig.

Yenziwe ngoobani kunye namandla azinakuze

Umntu zingayazi nembali yalo dabi, umbuzo kusenokuvela: "Kutheni le idabi Leipzig ebizwa ngokuba imfazwe beentlanga?". Inyaniso yokuba kwicala uNapoleon kweli ungquzulwano ababandakanyekayo isiFrentshi, izibonda, i-Dutch, i abavela, i lithanda kunye amaSaxons. Ngelo xesha njengenxalenye imikhosi encedisayo kwakukho Austrians, balwa, kwizizwe zeli yoBukhosi baseRashiya, i Prussians, Bavarians.

Umkhosi French ibe 200,000 amadoda 700 ngemipu anayo. I Bohemian walwa malunga 133 lamawaka amajoni, owaba 578 emthethweni. Silezkaya umkhosi yayiquka amadoda 60,000, kwaye North - 58 000, nto leyo iqhele guns 315 no-256, ngokulandelelana kwazo. Amabutho Polish baba 54 lamawaka amajoni 186 emthethweni.

Events Oktobha 4

Battle weZizwe ngo-1813 kufuphi Leipzig olwaqala kwisiza apho umkhosi wayemi eBohemia. Kwanangaphambi kokuba idabi kokuba yahlulwa ngokwamaqela amathathu. Ukuhlasela eziphambili kwi-French wazinikayo inxalenye yokuqala phantsi umyalelo M. B. Barklaya de Tolly. Ngexesha lohlaselo, ngentsasa Oktobha 4, eli qela babamba eziliqela kwiidolophu. Kodwa ke Austrians wala MB Barclay de Tolly ukuxhasa yaye kwanyanzeleka ukuba siphumele.
kwamabutho amabutho UNapoleon phantsi umyalelo Murat waqalisa idabi kuloo mmandla. Wachau. Nge Cossack webutho, ephethwe IE UEfrayim, inxenye yomkhosi Alexander I, umkhosi French ibuyiselwe ukuya kwindawo yokuqala.
Okunye uNapoleon kwawona uhlaselo iintshaba kummandla kunye Viderits Möckern. Xa Ngokuhlwa, umlo wayeka kuwo onke amacala. isikhundla Lutshaba ekupheleni edabini ayilungelelani zatshintsha. Ngexesha amadabi angi balahlekelwe nama-30 amawaka. Wonke.

Iziphumo ngosuku lokuqala

Ngosuku lokuqala kwemfazwe Leipzig ebewagqibile ngendlela draw. Omabini la macala wafumana uloyiso engaphelelanga (umkhosi uNapoleon kaThixo Lidenau kunye Wachau, Allied - phantsi Mekerne), Nezingathanga kuchaphazela imeko ngokubanzi. Kodwa ke isikhundla mdibaniso anti-French kwakubangelwa ngcono yokuba beza sisebenzisa le Bennigsen kunye Bernadotte. UNapoleon akwazi ukubala nje yebala encinane iRhine.

Events October 5

Ngale mini isenzo zomkhosi engazange elifanayo. Kuphela emantla yomkhosi Blucher kaThixo amagxamesi kunye Oytritssh Golis yaye ndisondela Leipzig. Night uNapoleon bahlangana umkhosi ukuze kuziswe oku esixekweni. Ngenxa yoko, umkhosi French obekwe kwi arc ngoyaba kufuphi Leipzig. Kwelinye icala, emanyene umkhosi uNapoleon xa singqongwe kwisangqa of Silesian - ngasentla, North kunye Polish - ngasempumalanga eBohemia - emazantsi.

Iziganeko on October 6,

Battle of Leipzig yaqhubeka kusasa ngomhla we-6 Oktobha. Ngale mini, umkhosi French wathabatha indawo ukuzithethelela, kunye nelahleko iingongoma ezibalulekileyo uphumelele sibali-hlaselo. Le nezengqondo of imikhosi uNapoleon kaThixo Wavuthela shift ngesiquphe i-Saxon-Calvary Division kunye Württemberg kwicala Allied. lamanga abo yakhokelela depopulation yemeko engundoqo, kodwa umlawuli yakwazi ngokukhawuleza ukuphosa agcinele kwaye ukuzinzisa le meko. Army ukuhlasela lamisa anti-French, kakhulu, kuba yimpumelelo gqitha. Oku kwakusenzeka ngenxa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kunye ekhubekisayo awuhambelani xa yokungenzi iiyunithi reserve.
The main izimpi kule mini ephantsi Probstgeyde, Tsukelgauzenom, Goltsgauzenom, Dozenom, Paunsdorf kunye Losnigom. Ekupheleni kosuku isiFrentshi yakwazi ukubamba isikhundla phantse zonke nelisemihlubulweni, ngaphandle iziko. Kodwa baye balahlekelwa phantse yonke yokulwa wayo kwikhiti uNapoleon wayesazi ukuba le meko iya kukhokelela ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo umkhosi.

Events October 7

Ngentsasa-Oktobha 7, umkhosi uNapoleon baqalisa baleka. Amanyeneyo akazange ijolise ekuncothuleni umkhosi French kwi iindlela ukuya Elster, bathumela imikhosi yazo ukuze ahlasele Leipzig. Ukuze wenze oku, imiqolo emithathu ziye kwadalwa, leyo ngokukhawuleza waya esixekweni. Bendawo bacela ukuba kuqala ukulwa, kodwa angalawuliyo anti-French wawufuna uzinikele lilonke uNapoleon. Xa lasemini namahlakani iyangena iindonga zesixeko.
umyalelo French ngabom, ukuqhushumba ibhulorho phezu Elster, ukuba itshone umkhosi layo and Allied ukuvumela ukuba basinde. Kodwa ke utyelwe emoyeni ngaphambi kwexesha kwaye ezinye iindawo ababesele esixekweni. Kwakufuneka bosinda ukuqubha. amajoni abaninzi babulawa ekunene emanzini. Phakathi kwabo kwakukho Marshal J. Poniatowski. Kamva emva kwemini umkhosi angalawuliyo anti-French akwazi Leipzig.

iziphumo lokulwa

ilahleko jikelele UNapoleon kaThixo yaba ngama-60 amawaka. namasoldati, malunga nenani elilinganayo amajoni ezilahlekileyo angalawuliyo anti-French. amajoni Imperial wakwazi ukuphepha nya ngenxa ubukhulu becala ngenxa yenyaniso yokuba izenzo ze-namahlakani zange kakuhle elungelelanisiweyo nabalawuli yaseYurophu ngokufuthi akwazi ukufikelela ukuvumelana.

Le yimiphumo zezopolitiko kubalulekile ezakhokelela kwemfazwe Leipzig. Unyaka 1813 kwacaca ukuba kube nzima uNapoleon. Emva kokoyiswa kwi Idabi Leipzig kwalandelwa ekuweni Confederation of iRhine. Emva kokuba kukhululwe isenzo German emkhosini kwalutyhutyha kummandla France. NgoMatshi, le namahlakani abeyithimbile eParis kwaye kweli lizwe kwakukho indlu yasebukhosini.

Ukukhunjulwa Battle of Leipzig

Battle of Leipzig (imfazwe yeentlanga), omnye eziphawuleka kakhulu kwimbali iimfazwe Napoleonic. Oku ikwabizwa ngokuba "Battle of uMlawuli Three"
In memory of kulo mlo eJamani ngowe-1814 lwaqhutywa kuwakrobela yinzwakazi.
Ngowe-1913, ilitye lesikhumbuzo grand "Ilitye eliSisikhumbuzo ukuya Battle eZizwe" yavulwa Leipzig.

Hayi kude kuyo nayo yakhelwe St. Aleksievsky itempile, apho namhlanje kungcwatywa amajoni uwe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba saseGDR wayecebe ukutshabalalisa lesikhumbuzo, njengoko njengento kukuzukiswa ubuzwe German. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha kwaye kwaqalisa ukuba zibonwe njengophawu ubuhlobo ne-Russia, kunye nabasemagunyeni baye bagqiba ekubeni ukugcina lesikhumbuzo.
Kwakhona, i-100 engama idabi ezinkozo zokubhiyizela (3 amanqaku) ukhululwe.
Namhlanje, Leipzig ibekwe weemyuziyam ezimbalwa elungiselelwe imbali enzima.