Ngaba i-Sberbank ibhanki yoshishino okanye yorhulumente?

I-JSC "i-Sberbank" yinkampani enkulu yezemali kungekhona kuphela eRashiya, kodwa nakwiCIS. Unenethiwekhi enkulu yeeyunithi. Umsebenzi ophambili weziko libonelela ngeenkonzo ezahlukeneyo zotyalo-mali kunye neenkonzo zebhanki. Umnini-shareholder oyintloko kwaye ngexesha elifanayo umsekeli weziko lemali yiBhanki Ephakathi. Unayo ingxenye engaphezu kwesigxina segunya eligunyazisiweyo kunye nesabelo sokuvota. Phantse i-40% yezabelo yipropati yamanye amazwe. Iposi likaMongameli weziko kunye nosihlalo webhodi liyi-Gref yaseJamani.

Inxalenye ethile yembali

Ephakathi "iSberbank" yaqala imbali yokuba khona ngo-1841. Kwakuloo xesha uKumkani uNicholas 1 wakhupha umyalelo malunga nokubunjwa kweebhanki zokulondoloza. Iofisi yokuqala yetikiti yavulwa sele i-1842 kwintsimi yaseSt. Petersburg. Ngowe-1987, yaba ngumgaqo wokwenza ibhanki lokulondoloza nokuboleka abantu, kubandakanywa imibutho yomthetho. Isebe lezemali lenziwe ngamabhanki angama-15 e-republican nature. Ngaloo nto kwakunzima kakhulu ukuthetha ngokungathandabuzekiyo, "iSberbank" liziko lezezimali okanye likarhulumente. Ukususela ehlobo le-1990, phantsi kommiselo weBhunga eliPhezulu laseRashiya, iBhanki yaseRiphabhlikhi yaqatshelwa ngokusemthethweni njengepropati yaseRashiya. Kakade ngasekupheleni kuka-1990, isikhungo semali satshintshwa saba yibhetri. Ngowe-1991, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba uphendule ngokungathandabuzekiyo umbuzo ukuba ngaba iSberbank yindawo yebhanki okanye yorhulumente. Emva kokuba i-institution yaba yipropati yeBhanki Ephakathi kwiRashiya YaseRussia, yafumana isimo seburhulumenteni sebhanki.

Ixesha leengxaki kunye ne-state aid

Ngethuba lexesha elingagqibekanga ngo-1998, iziko lemali lihlangabezana ngokuphumelelayo neengxaki nje kuphela ngokuphakamisa iikomishini zeenkonzo, kodwa nakwiindleko zenkxaso karhulumente. Izabelo zeSberbank ziphantsi kweBhanki Ephakathi yaseRashiya, leyo ichaza umdla karhulumente ekusebenzeni kweziko. Isicwangciso esifanayo soxhasano lwentsebenziswano sincede isikhungo sezemali ukuba siphume kwintlekele ka -2008 . Ngoko ke, ngo-2010 ibhanki sele ikhansele ngokupheleleyo iinkomishoni ezihlobene nemali-mboleko, iimali-mboleko zabathengi kunye nemali-mboleko yemoto. Abantu babedalwa ngamanani athile. Le meko yabangela ubunzima ekuqwalaseleni ukuba i-Sberbank yayiyi-bhanki yezoshishino okanye i-state, ekubeni iziko lanikezela iinkqubo ezininzi ezikhethiweyo emva kwexesha elibuhlungu.

Ibhanki ngaphandle kweRashiya

Ngo-2012, ibhanki enkulu eRashiya sele ifumane isihloko senkokeli ekukhutshweni kwamakhadi-mboleko. Umthamo wemali-mboleko ekhutshwe ngelo xesha yayingaphezu kweebhiliyoni ezingama-ruble eziyi-150. Ngokufanayo, i-7.6% yezabelo zithengiswa nge-ruble ezigidi ezili-5. Impendulo yombuzo othi: "Ngaba i-Sberbank ibhanki yoshishino okanye yelizwe?" Lixoki kwisakhiwo sayo. Iziko lemali linamasebe amathathu kummandla weCIS. Amasebe eziko lemali asebenza ngokuphumelelayo e-Ukraine, eKazakhstan naseBelarus. Iofisi zokumela zifumaneka kwiYurophu. Le yiSberbank Yurophu AG ene ofisi e-Austria, iDenizBank kunye neofisi yeNtloko eTurkey kunye neSberbank Switzerland AG eneofisi emele iJamani. Ukumelwa kwentlangano kuseNdiya naseChina.

Umsebenzi webhanki namhlanje

Impendulo yombuzo malunga nokuba iSberbank yindawo yebhanki okanye yorhwebo ibonakala. Isakhiwo sorhwebo sithatha isikhundla senkokeli ngokwemali yexabiso, kunye nenani leakhawunti yokuhlawula abathengi bequmrhu, apho kukho ubuncinane isigidi. Nangona i-share share ye-Sberbank ilawulwa yi-CBR, iyaqhubeka ikhula njengesikhungo esizimeleyo, kubalwa ubuncinane kwi-45% yemali efihliweyo yemarike yasekhaya. Ngesiko semali sithola umvuzo wabantu abangaba zigidi ezili-11, ukufakwa kwempesheni kubanjwe abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-12. Iziko lemali lifakwe malunga nama-ATM angama-19 000 kunye nama-terminals angama-70,000 okuzenzekelayo kwilizwe lonke kwaye ikhuphe amakhadi angama-30 engaphantsi kweeplastiki. Inani labasebenzi e-ofisi eyintloko lide lidlulile inani labantu abangama-240. Inethwekhi yomhlaba ineeyunithi eziyi-18 zamawaka. Uphuhliso olusebenzayo lwezicelo "Sberbank Onl @ yn" kunye ne "Mobile Bank". Isiseko sabathengi kwiinkqubo ezikude ubuncinane abasebenzisi abayizigidi ezingama-5.4.

Ulwazi olubanzi

"I-Sberbank", leyo inkqubo yayo inqamle kakhulu, inikezela ngeenkonzo ezininzi, ezivela kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuboleka kunye nokuphela kweenkonzo zokuthengisa. Phakathi kwabathengi beziko loshishino abanabantu ngabanye kuphela, kodwa kunye nabaxumi bequmrhu, eli-akhawunti ye-1/5 yepotfolio. Iimpahla zeziko lemali zahlukana ngokwemiqathango elandelayo: iphothifoliyo yemboleko yemali ihlala kuma-71% (i-73% yepotfolio kwikhredithi ekhishwe ngamashishini kunye nemibutho), iphothifoliyo yee-securities ihlanganisa u-14%, imali kwi-akhawunti nakumaSebe emali-5%. Amatyala anesakhiwo esilandelayo: idizithi zabantu ngabanye i-46%, izilinganiso kwiakhawunti yabathengi beenkampani - 23%, iimali zabo ngaphakathi kwe-15% kunye nemali-mboleko ye-interbank i-11%.

Ifom yobunini: "I-Sberbank yaseRashiya" - ibhanki yezorhwebo okanye irhulumente?

Icala lomqulu lo mbandela liphikisana kakhulu. Masizame ukuqonda ngokuthe ngcembe, i-"Sberbank" okanye iibhanki zorhwebo. Ngokwehlobo lomsebenzi walo kwaye isekelwe kuyo yonke into ebhaliwe ngasentla, isakhiwo senza imisebenzi yoshishino kuphela. Ngokuphathelele uhlobo lobunikazi, ngumhlaba wepropati. Ngelo xesha, i-capital capital, njengepropati yeBhanki Ephakathi, inefomathi yepropati yomhlaba. Ibhanki yezorhwebo inxalenye yecandelo likarhulumente loqoqosho. Kule meko, urhulumente awuthwali nawuphi na uxanduva kwiimali zebhanki, kunye nebhanki ngamatyala karhulumente. Inyaniso yokuba isikhungo sezemali sisohlwini lweenkampani ezibambiseneyo, uthetha ngesakhiwo sorhwebo. Ngokutsho kwenani lokubhalisa le shishini, liloluhlu lwepropati edibeneyo yaseRussia kunye nenxalenye yepropati yomhlaba.