Ngubani othobela i-CBR ngokwenene?

Abantu abaninzi baye baba nomdla kumbuzo othi ngubani ophantsi kweCBR. Ixesha lidlulile xa abantu "badla" yonke into eyanikezelwa ngabapheki bezopolitiko basekhaya, makungabikho abaqeqeshi bamazwe angaphandle - abaxhamli ababukhali. Ngoku abaninzi abantu bafuna ukuqonda oko kwenzekayo kwimeko yethu. Emva kwayo yonke into, kungekude kudlulileyo kufuneka siphumelele ukutshatyalaliswa kwelizwe elihle kunye neentlungu ezininzi zabantu. Ukuze ugweme ukuphindaphinda kwakhona kwimeko enjalo, umntu akufanele ahlale ecaleni, kodwa ubuncinane baqale ngokuqonda iinkqubo zehlabathi kunye nokuphendula okuchanekileyo kubo.

"Ndiphe ithuba lokunyathelisa nokulawula imali yelizwe, kwaye andinandaba ukuba ngubani obhala imithetho," uMeyer Amschel Rothschild watshilo.

Kodwa eneneni, ngokwenene, ngubani onayo imali, unamandla ngakumbi kunomntu ongenayo. Nangona kunjalo, njengoko uSergei Bodrov oyintlekisa wathi kwi-movie "UMzalwan '2:" Ngubani na inyaniso, unamandla. " Kwaye ukuba siphumela kule nto, ngoko kufuneka sifumane inyaniso. Ngoko, yintoni indima ebhanki eziphambili ezidlala kwinkqubo yemali yomyalelo wehlabathi, ngokukodwa i-Central Bank yaseRashiya? Ngaloo nqaku.

Ibhanki Yombuso ye-USSR kunye neBhanki Ephakathi kwiRussia Federation

KwiSoviet Union kwakukho iBhanki yelizwe, eyenza yonke imiyalelo kaRhulumente. Iinqununu zayo zatyunjwe zazisuswa yiBhunga labaPhathiswa, elibeka inani eliyimfuneko kwilizwe. Ngaloo ndlela, iBhunga labaPhathiswa lichazwe, kwaye iBhanki yeSizwe yabakhupha.

Emva kokuwa kweSoviet Union ngo-1992, imisebenzi yeBhanki yeSizwe yadluliselwa kwi-Central Bank yaseRashiya. Nangona kunjalo, le mi sebenzi ibulela "i-modern" ngokubonga kubacebisi "baseNtshona". Uthini umahluko kwimisebenzi, kwaye ichaphazela njani isimo sezoqoqosho kwilizwe?

Ukwahlula okuphambili phakathi kwezi mabhanki amabini kusemthethweni. Eyokuqala, njengokuba igama lihamba, laliyiziko lombuso, kodwa i-Central Bank yaseRashiya ayiwuthobeli iRussian Federation, kuba liziko elizimeleyo elisemthethweni (jonga umthetho kwiBhanki Ephakathi yaseRashiya Federation). Ngako-ke, akukho namasebe amandla atshintshisa iBhanki Ephakathi kwaye ayiyikuyilawula.

Lwemali yelizwe

Kuya kubonakala kunengqiqo ukuba imali yesizwe yelizwe elizimeleyo liseburhulumenteni elinye kwaye lilo. Yaye ingaba njani? Kuvela, unako. Akunakwenzeka nje kuphela, kodwa oku kwenzekayo ngoku kwihlabathi lethu, kuquka eRashiya. Imali yaseRashiya - i-ruble, iyavela, ayikho kwilizwe. Kwenzeka njani oku? Kulula kakhulu.

Kukho intlangano yamazwe ngamazwe apho amabhanki, aqalise imbali yabo yokuzuza ubutyebi ngokungenzi nto eNgilani, baye bafumana ingcamango yokucebisa kwabo ngeendleko zehlabathi lonke. Ngenkulungwane ye-XX, i-IMF yadalwa, kwisiseko apho ingcamango yaqalwa ngokuthe ngcembe.

Ngenxa yoko, igolide lamazwe ngabanye laqala ukugcinwa kwindawo ethile kwiivenkile zale ntlangano, kwaye ke ngokukhawuleza imali yesizwe yalahlekelwa ukuzimela kwayo. Namhlanje, iBhanki Ephakathi ayikwazi ukushicilela iiruble ngokungakumbi njengoko ifunwa yilizwe, kodwa iprint ngokulinganayo njengoko idola ithengiweyo. Yingakho i-ruble ayifuni kwiRashiya.

Iigcino zeGold kunye nemali yelizwe

Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu kwaye ihamba phambili kukuba i- gold and currency reserves yelizwe ayigcinwa eRashiya, ngaphandle kweyona nxalenye encinci. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, i-Central Bank ayikwazi ukutyalwa kwegolide kunye neendawo zokutshintshiselana kwamanye amazwe kwizoqoqosho kwilizwe layo. Wavalwa. Kodwa imali iya kuthenga amasheya aseMelika kunye nokuboleka kwamanye amazwe.

Ngenxa yobulungisa, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezinye iibhanki ezinkulu ziphoqeleka ukuboleka kumazwe angaphandle. Nangona kunjalo, bavunyelwe ukuboleka, kuquka urhulumente wabo ukuxhasa uqoqosho. Kodwa iBhanki yethu ePhakathi - awukwazi. Ukuvinjelwa ngumthetho. Ingxelo yeBhanki ephakathi? Ayikho kwilizwe lakho, okuqinisekileyo.

Ngubani othobela iCBR?

Ngomnyaka we-1944, inkomfa yabanjwa eBretton Woods, e-USA, emva koko i- International Monetary Fund yahlelwa . I-IMF yintlangano apho iBhanki Ephakathi yeRussia Federation kunye neebhanki eziphambili kwamanye amazwe ngoku ziphantsi.

I-Fund ilawulwa yiLizwe lamaLungu, apho izigqibo zithathwa luluninzi lwama-85%. Nangona kunjalo, ubunzima belizwe ngalinye lixhomekeke kwisabelo sabo. Isiqingatha esikhulu kunazo zonke ngokwefom ibhalansi engeyiyo yokunciphisa (17.8%) yiyo, e-United States, eyona yodwa inokuvota nayiphi na imibuzo engayithandiyo. Oko i-US yenza ngokuphumelelayo kwaye yenza ngexesha lonke lekhoyo.

"Ukwabiwa kwe-ruble - indlela eya eRussia inkululeko" N.V. Starikova kunye nezilungiso kumthetho kwiBhanki Ephakathi. Fedorova

Kwincwadi ethi "Ukwabiwa kwe-ruble - indlela eya kwinkululeko yaseRussia," umbhali uchaza ngokucacileyo ngubani ophantsi kweBhanki Ephakathi yaseRashiya. 2014, 2015 kulo mbandela yenza utshintsho lwangaphambili.

Kanye kunye nokuphakanyiswa komoya wokuthanda izwe, amaRussia akhula anganeliseki ngolu hlobo kwiCentral Bank yaseRashiya. U-Nikolay Starikov encwadini yakhe ngo-2011 ufumanekile kwaye uchaze ngokucacileyo inkqubo ekhoyo yezemali kwihlabathi. Ucebisa, njengesisombululo kwingxaki, ukurhoxisa kwi-IMF kwaye iphantsi kwamandla karhulumente kwi-Central Bank yaseRashiya .

Isekela likaJevgeny Fedorov linikezelwe kwi-Duma kaRhulumente ngo-2014 isilungiso somthetho kwiBhanki Ephakathi, ecetywayo ukususa ukuxhomekeka kwebhanki kwi-IMF. Ukulungiswa komthetho akuzange kwamkelwe yi-State Duma. Kubantu abaninzi oku kubangele ukungaboni kakuhle kunye nokubhikisha.

Kodwa kunye nalabo iCentral Bank yaseRussian Federation iphantsi kwayo, akunakulungele ukwenza ngokuthe ngqo kwaye ngokucacileyo. Emva koko, abo bathiwa ngamaqabane sele sele benzima kakhulu kuthi.

Silent Revolution

I-United States kunye neYurophu Union iyahlala, njengoko bethetha kubantu, ngaphaya kweendlela zabo. Enyanisweni, bahlala kwiityala. Ngelo xesha, ukuvelisa amazwe kunciphisa ityala labo langaphandle kwaye banako ukukhuphaza ngakumbi uqoqosho lwehlabathi kwaye bathathe isikhundla kwi-IMF. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ngeRashiya, eChina naseIndiya. La mazwe azama namhlanje ukunciphisa impembelelo yaseWashington kwi-IMF kwaye zizinzileyo. Amazwe e-BRICS ahlangene ukuze anciphise umonakalo onobungozi we-United States. Kwaye uqaphele ngoku.

I-United States ibhekene nokukhetha: ukunika i-IMF, eya kubangela ukuba "ukudibanisa" kwe-Ukraine, ukunciphisa impembelelo yayo kumgaqo-nkqubo welizwe langaphandle kwihlabathi kwaye ingabi imali kwiinkalo zemali ezizayo zehlabathi, okanye iRashiya, iChina ne-Indiya iya "kucinywa" yi-IMF.

Ngo-2015, ngokuchasene nokulindelwe kweenkululeko, iRashiya imali izinzile.

UMongameli uyala iBhanki Ephakathi ukuba akhe izityalo zamandla eCrimea, okubonakala ngathi wayengenakwenza. KwiBhanki Ephakathi, ngokungafunekiyo kwavela ama-commissars e-currenti, ukugxininisa ukucinga kwiimarike zerhwebo lwangaphandle. U-Elvira Nabiulina uthi ixabiso eliphambili leBhanki eliPhambili ngoku liya kugxininisa kuphela kwimali yokunyuka kwamaxabiso, kodwa nakwizinga lokutshintshiselwa kwezinga, inkxaso yoqoqosho.

Ngubani na ingxelo yeCBR namhlanje? Kubonakala ngathi iRussia iqalisa ukutshintsha imeko kwiindawo ezingcono.