Iinjongo zemisebenzi yeBhanki Ephakathi kwiRussia Federation kunye neendlela zokuphunyezwa kwazo

Kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini kumisa ibhanki wesizwe, unoxanduva ukusebenza kwenkqubo yezemali. ERashiya, amagunya athweswe kunye Bank of Russia. Phantsi igunya Central Bank of the Russian Federation - kuluhlu olubanzi imisebenzi. Impumelelo yesisombululo kuxhomekeke kakhulu uzinzo kunye isantya kuphuhliso loqoqosho lwesizwe. Ziyintoni iinjongo ezithile Bank of Russia? Yintoni na amaqumrhu alo, nendlela kunegalelo ngesisombululo imisebenzi kweli ziko?

ulwazi ngokubanzi malunga CBR

I-Bank of Russia - iqumrhu elisemthethweni, isebenza ngokuzimeleyo ngayo nayiphi na imibutho karhulumente. Noko ke, umsebenzi wayo uxanduva kuRhulumente Duma, ingqukuva egunyazisiweyo kunye nezinye ii-asethi yombutho ziyipropathi karhulumente. Injongo, imisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi ye-Bank naseRussia njengohlobo iphela ngaloo ndlela babe iibhanki yesizwe kwamanye amazwe.

Ngokukodwa, i-Central Bank - iziko kuphela leyo unelungelo lokuba likhuphe le lwemali kazwelonke, kwaye ukuba balungiselele ukusasazwa yayo kuqoqosho. CBR akuthathwa ukuba bathobele ingxelo irhafu, athwala iindleko ngokuthi inzuzo. Injongo ye-Central Bank of the Russian Federation ayikho ukukhuthaza ekwenzeni kwabo izibophelelo karhulumente, kunye vice versa. Ngaphandle kokuba, kakade, isivumelwano eyahlukileyo ayicacisi ngenye indlela.

Ngoku makhe siqwalasele kakuhle iinjongo eziphambili intloko yeziko logcino eRashiya.

Eyona engundoqo Iinjongo Central Bank of the Russian Federation

Ngokungqinelana amagatya omThetho Federal № 86 10.06.2002 nyaka, elawula umsebenzi ye-Central Bank of the Russian Federation, iinjongo eziphambili ze-Central Bank of the Russian Federation elandelayo.

Okokuqala, lo ukukhuselwa lwemali yesizwe Russian - le engange - ukusuka ukuhla kunye neqondo lotshintshiselwano kunye neziphumo ngumyinge. Okwesibini, le langoku kunye nophuhliso imeko necandelo leebhanki. Okwesithathu, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukusebenza kwenkqubo yentlawulo kuqoqosho karhulumente.

Cinga data ekujoliswe ye-Central Bank of the Russian ngakumbi Federation.

Ukukhuselwa lwemali kazwelonke

Kuninzi States mihla izinga lotshintshiselwano luqokelelane ngokuyintloko isiseko ngokukhululekileyo-esebenza indlela kwakunye nokufunwa kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe. kufuneka imali engange uzimisele kangakanani, oko nempembelelo kakhulu yimiba yangaphandle kwezoqoqosho.

Iinjongo, iinjongo kunye nemisebenzi imisebenzi ye-Central Bank of the Russian Federation ubukhulu becala ijolise ukuchonga phakathi kwezi meko abo echaphazela kakubi lwemali kazwelonke ka-Russia, musa enemo emarikeni. Nokuba isenzo sabo kakhulu esemthethweni, kodwa umsebenzi ayikho umdla kaRhulumente Bank of Russia baphikise kubo. Njani? Ngokusebenzisa Ziziphi iindlela?

Okokuqala, oko wenza, ukuba kuyimfuneko utshintshiselwano, amazwe ungenelelo - ukuthenga okanye ukuthengiswa iiseshoni ziyafumaneka kwi ngemali likazwelonke okanye amazwe ukuze ukwandisa okanye, icala, ukunciphisa izinga lobonelelo yayo emarikeni. Ukudala, umzekelo, intsalela zeedola kwindawo lemarike apho imali engange wasebenza, i-Central Bank ukunciphisa izinga layo. Ngenxa yoko, imali yesizwe Russian Federation olubiza kakhulu.

Kodwa ngoku lo mgaqo-nkqubo kunye neenjongo Central Bank of Russia wayefuna ukunciphisa uphazamiseko kunye neendlela lemarike engange. Ikakhulu, oku kubangelwe kukuba lo vimba uphambili ukuba Central Bank ungenelelo lonaniso lwangaphandle - oovimba ngemali karhulumente. Ngenxa isiphumo lweentsingiselo ntlekele ulawulo CBR angathanda ukuba tirhisa kubo ngoncedo iindlela zorhwebo eyenza le khosi.

Ukuphuhliswa kwenkqubo yogcino-

Iinjongo Central Bank of the Russian Federation kuquka nokusebenza kunye nophuhliso kwinkqubo yogcino yesizwe. Umsebenzi izisombululo CBR kunye neendlela ezichazwe kulo mzekelo zinganikezelwa kuluhlu olubanzi. Nguwuphi na kubo ezingundoqo?

Okokuqala, kungummiselo olumisiweyo yeebhanki. CBR ipapasha izenzo zomthetho ezahlukahlukeneyo elawula isibonelelo ngetyala kunye namaziko zemali elisebenza kurhulumente, iinkonzo zoluntu kunye nemibutho; umisa imigangatho ingxelo zemali kunye irhafu abadlali abafanelekileyo. Kuyimfuneko, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuze ukukhusela iimfuno zabathengi beebhanki - abagcinisa, abanini-akhawunti yangoku eqolo.

Okwesibini, i-nkqubo enxulumene ekubaleni ixabiso eliphezulu kakhulu izinga iqhosha. Esi amanyathelo Isalathisi zemali ikakhulu yindlela imali-mboleko iza kuba ukuphunyezwa ibhanki yabucala kwi Central Bank ukuze okusetyenziswa imali ebolekiweyo ukuba umsebenzi main. Umzekelo, enxulumene ngokubonelela ngemali-mboleko zayo. Ukuba izinga eziphambili Central Bank of the Russian Federation, phezulu, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kunye neekhredithi ekhutshwa iibhanki zabucala.

Okwesithathu, iiBhanki ezingoovimba, ekuqhubeni imisebenzi ukuxhasa ukusebenza kwenkqubo zebhanki yesizwe, zenza namalungiselelo esweni imisebenzi ephambili ngokusebenzisa amaziko likanondyebo indawo. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo lwesivumelwano zemali uhamba kuwo kwenziwa ngokungqinelana nemigaqo ye-CBR.

Ukusetyenziswa kweendlela yentlawulo

Iinjongo Central Bank of the Russian Federation iquka ekugcinweni iindlela intlawulo ngaphakathi kurhulumente. Into yokuba lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo ngetyala mihla kunye namaziko zemali - alikho ukukhuthaza ukuphunyezwa kwiintengiselwano zezimali ebandakanya abantu, amashishini abucala, ii-arhente zikarhulumente, abadlali ngamazwe kwakhona kuphela iidipozithi, mboleko kunye neenkonzo zolawulo nemali, kodwa.

ummi Russian okanye ndingowasemzini kufuneka bakwazi ukwenza iintlawulo kwabanye abantu nemibutho ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo: akhawunti zakho, iicredit cards, ngamajelo imibutho engekho-bank ngetyala. Ukubeka iliso ukusebenza ndlela ezahlukeneyo - omnye wemisebenzi CBR.

Central Bank Umsebenzi kule ngingqi ngokubanzi lwenziwa yi efanayo iindlela ezinxulumene nomsebenzi ulwalathiso CB ongaphambili. Oku kungenxa ekubonelelweni necandelo leebhanki. CBR ipapasha imigangatho elawula imicimbi kuqhutywa nge iindlela ezahlukeneyo, ijonga ezi imisebenzi. Umsebenzi kwamaziko ngetyala non-bank, wenze iziseko yentlawulo, nto leyo urhulumente, kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwindlela kunye nemisebenzi ngetyala eziqhelekileyo kunye namaziko ezemali, ngomhla ixabiso izinga eziphambili Central Bank of the Russian Federation.

Siye sahlolisisa ithagethi ye-Central Bank of the Russian Federation (Bank of Russia) zibonisa inzaliseko imisebenzi ethile. Siye sifunde Okukodwa zabo.

Imisebenzi ye-Central Bank

CBR unawo mpawu ziphambili zilandelayo:

• inxaxheba kunye noRhulumente kuphuhliso kwi eziphambili zemali-nkqubo karhulumente;
• uwugcinayo ngenkqubo umba kuphela kwi imali engange nokuqinisekisa isibheno yayo kuqoqosho Russian;
• Inika imali kumaziko credit non-karhulumente ngohlobo mboleko, inika mboleko mboleko ekhutshwe;
• Lichaza imigaqo ngokwendlela apho kuqoqosho Russian iyenziwa imicimbi yemali;
• umisa imigangatho lwemisebenzi zebhanki ezahlukeneyo;
• esweni kunye iintengiselwano inkonzo kwiingxelo-mali ye-Russian Federation;
• alahle ngendlela emiselweyo neemali zangaphandle karhulumente;
• liya kubhalisa ngetyala kunye namaziko ezemali, ikhuphe kubo mvume okanye, phezu koko, izenza xa sibona ukutyeshelwa kula maziko komthetho yebhanki;
• nokuqhuba imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo exchange angaphandle;
• Oku kugqiba imithetho elawula zokusonjululwa abemi Russian kunye nemibutho kunye nabadlali ngamazwe;
• umisela imigangatho ye-akhawuntingi ingxelo zemali phakathi nobuchule babo;
• kugqiba izinga lwemali kazwelonke kwimarike yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye uphumeza ukushicilela kwayo ngexesha elifanelekileyo;
• inxaxheba kubalo yohlengahlengiso lwentlawulo yemeko yoqoqosho;
• ulawula umsebenzi kokutshintshiselana lwemali;
• Athwala umsebenzi inethiwekhi kunye yinxalenye isifundo iinkqubo kwezoqoqosho kwinqanaba uqoqosho karhulumente xa iyonke, ngokunjalo ngokwengingqi;
• inxaxheba ekukhuseleni imicimbi yezemali abagcinisa yebhanki.

Ekubeni ingqalelo injongo yomsebenzi kunye nomsebenzi Central Bank of Russia, singakwazi ukuhlola iimpawu lwesakhiwo sesebe le-amaziko aphambili zemali Russian Federation. Siya uphando ukuqala ngokusekelwe imigaqo emiselwe umyalelo umbutho umsebenzi we-Central Bank ngokwemiqathango imisebenzi ukusasazwa iziko amaqela yangaphakathi CBR.

Siseko yolawulo arhente: Ulwakhiwo CB

Njengoko sele uyazi, ithagethi ye-Central Bank of the Russian Federation ziquka ukhuselo lwemali Russian, ukuqinisekisa inkqubo yogcino kunye neendlela intlawulo kuqoqosho karhulumente. Ukuphumeza ngamnye kubo aqale, kuqala kwiinto zonke, ukuba ukudidiyelwa Bank of Russia kunye kwamalungelo ezinye izifundo wolawulo karhulumente yoqoqosho, umzekelo, kunye noRhulumente Russian. Olu khetho ivelisa enye siseko engundoqo CBR - ezinjengentsebenziswano nentsebenziswano.

Imisebenzi yeziko logcino ephambili Russian Federation ibandakanya iingxaki azenzeki hayi kuphela kulawulo federal, kodwa kwinqanaba lengingqi. Ngoko ke, i-Bank of ofisi ummeli eRashiya asebenza kuzo zonke iingingqi weRashiya. umsebenzi wabo wenziwa kuthathelwa ingqalelo umgaqo yinye, xa zonke ezo arhente kuphendula ofisi ezingundoqo asebenza ngokungqinelana nemimiselo eyenziwe ngabo.

Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba injongo yomsebenzi kunye nomsebenzi Central Bank of the Russian Federation zihlobene ezihambelanayo. Ngenxa yoko omnye umgaqo yokusebenza yeziko - esebenza amaqela lokufunda izifundo ezikhethiweyo. Kwimeko nganye kwezakhiwo zangaphakathi ibhanki-mali abaqeqeshiweyo kunye nobuchule eliphezulu umsebenzi ukusebenza.

Omnye umgaqo we CBR - ukwahlulwa kwamagunya kwezigqibo phakathi ofisi engundoqo nee-ofisi zemimandla. Sathi ukuba umsebenzi Bank of Russia amaziko kwiingingqi ngokungqinelana nemimiselo eyenziwe yi-ofisi engundoqo ye-Central Bank. Noko ke, kukho ukuzimela ethile iiyunithi zemimandla imibutho zebhanki eziyintloko Russian Federation lisekhona, kwaye oku ukuphumeza umgaqo umbuzo, ukuba mayenziwe.

Ubume bale Central Bank of the Russian Federation: nokucwangciswa kolawulo kwiziko

Ngoku kuphanda ukuba zeziphi na imizimba eziphambili Central Bank thaca nabezolawulo. To ezo ziquka:

• I-National Council Banking.
• ofisi Central lombutho.
• Ibhodi yabaLawuli ye-Central Bank of the Russian Federation.
• izakhiwo Local.
• RCC.
• units Military.

Siza kufunda iinkcukacha zabo ezithile.

I-National Council Banking

Iziseko iphambili ye-Central Bank, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza lombutho ziquka iBhunga Banking National. Yena umzimba lonxibelelwano yeziko. Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba injongo ye-Central Bank of the Russian Federation ayikho ukuncedisa urhulumente ekuzalisekiseni izibophelelo zalo kwakunye into yokuba umsebenzi kwiziko lemali enkulu Russian akukho kuphendula abasemagunyeni.

Nangona kunjalo, umzekelo iBhunga Banking National ingalandwa, xa kusenziwa, ukuxhomekeka ye-Central Bank ukusuka kurhulumente kunokuba ebonakalayo. Isibakala sokuba ukwakhiwa National Council of the Central Bank ukuba abameli evela Federation kwiBhunga, uRhulumente Duma, RF kaRhulumente, kwakunye nabantu abaqeshwe nguMongameli we-Russian Federation ukusebenza. USihlalo we-Central Bank of the Russian Federation naye usebenza njengenxalenye ye-Central Bank of ngesakhiwo ingqalelo.

ebhodi yabalawuli

Le elandelayo umbutho ibalulekileyo Central Bank - yiBhodi yabaLawuli. He kubhekwa elilawulayo eliphezulu ngesakhiwo yebhanki kwaye igqiba indlela apho imisebenzi ziya yayigxile i Central Bank of Russia, iinjongo kunye neethagethi zeziko. lasungulwa kukho ukufana ethile inkqubo ukufakwa kwamagosa ezithile leBhunga Banking National.

Ngenxa yoko, i-Central Bank of the Russian Federation ugqala isakhiwo zokusebenza USihlalo Central Bank, kwakunye namalungu 12 eziqhelekileyo, uhlala inxaxheba kumsebenzi yabasebenzi ebhankini. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Bank of Russia Board of Directors ukhandwa inxaxheba ngqo likaRhulumente Koti kunye uMongameli Russian. Kwakhona ingalandwa yokuba ukuxhomekeka ye-Central Bank ukusuka ngurhulumente nangoku gqitha, nangona yokuba Central Bank ngokusemthethweni - elizimeleyo lombutho karhulumente.

Ibhodi yabaLawuli ye-Central Bank of the Russian Federation, nto leyo ebonisa injongo, imisebenzi kunye nemisebenzi ye-Bank of Russia iya kudibana kwezo ubuncinane 1 xesha ngenyanga nganye. Esi sakhiwo kwenza izigqibo malunga umba engange, ukumisela imigangatho ukuba iibhanki zabucala, ukuyilwa uludwe eyilwayo kunaniselwano kunye nezinye izibambiso ingasetyenziswa ukunikeza mboleko kwi-Central Bank, ukumiselwa kwesantya senzala, imida imicimbi yemarike, mboleko zangoku, umzekelo, ucinga amathuba lohlaziyo. Central Bank Board of Directors uzalisekisa imisebenzi yokubeka kunye nolawulo.

ofisi Central kunye nesakhiwo kagunyaziwe

Iinjongo nemisebenzi imisebenzi ye-Central Bank ekuqaleni luxanduva unit Ikomkhulu, kodwa kamva kwi-sikhokelo iindlela esekwe amagunya kumgangatho izakhiwo lwengingqi CBR. Ukongeza, CA limelwe ziiyunithi ezisebenzayo ezahlukeneyo zinoxanduva isisombululo iingxaki kule okanye kwinqanaba. Ezi zithinteli lokuphendula kwiBhodi yabaLawuli kunye nentloko Central Bank of the Russian Federation malunga nokuphunyezwa kwe nezisombululo ekugqitywe ngazo. Kwimimandla imisebenzi Central Bank, nayo, ithwalwe amaqela aphambili lwengingqi yombutho zebhanki. Isitshixo ingxaki - ukuphunyezwa indlela eqhelekileyo ukuphunyezwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo lwemali yamkelwa kwinqanaba federal.

I-Roman Catholic Church kunye neeyunithi yamajoni Central Bank

Ngaphezu sibonile ukuba iinjongo Central Bank of the Russian Federation ziquka nokugcinwa nokusebenza kwenkqubo yebhanki karhulumente. Phakathi eziphambili iiyunithi kwesakhiwo, Ngokuba izakhono eziyimfuneko ngenjongo efanelekileyo - amaziko imali ngokuqukunjelwa Bank of Russia.

La maziko yahlulwe entloko, ekuqhubeni imisebenzi kwiinkalo, kwakunye inter-zommandla. Abawenza umsebenzi enxulumene ukuphunyezwa transactions inter-bank, ukugcinwa amaziko amatyala non-karhulumente kunye akhawunti mali.

I olulandelayo hlobo ibalulekileyo amaziko ifakiwe isakhiwo CBR - iiyunithi zomkhosi. umsebenzi wabo - nokugcinwa imicimbi yemali, ezo zifundo amaziko ngamaziko ngaphakathi-sikhokelo yoMgaqo-Russian Armed Forces.

Ngenxa yoko, siye sahlolisisa imisebenzi yebhanki engundoqo ephambili, iinjongo ze-Central Bank of the Russian Federation kunye neendlela nokuphunyezwa kwawo. The main bank Russian - iziko zizityebi isakhiwo, enzima, nto leyo iba uluhlu olubanzi nobuchule kwicandelo zemali.

Kwelinye icala, i-Central Bank izimele ngokusemthethweni kurhulumente, kwelinye - ukhandwa ngqo nxaxheba lwabo. Ukongeza, i-Central Bank uphumeza imisebenzi yayo ngokomdla nezinye izakhiwo zikarhulumente.