Philippines Imibutho National

A isikhulu kwi intshukumo yesizwe bakwiiPhilippines yaba ngokuthanda uhlanga, imbongi kunye nabantu, uGqr Jose Rizal. Wazalwa ngo-1861, idolophu encinane kwiphondo yosapho mestizo abazizityebi.

Ngowe-1879 umbongo wakhe izwe "Ukuze i bakwiiPhilippines loLutsha" bafumana impendulo efudumeleyo Manila nezazi. amagunya utshutshiso kwanyanzeleka ukuba babaleke Philippines Rizal. Yena isidanga honors ngo 1882 e-University of Madrid Medical engqondo bulumko, Rizal ezityaliweyo kwiikliniki kakhulu eYurophu yaye kwasekwa ubudlelane wahlobana izazinzulu waseYurophu.

Kumanqaku bakhe, wathetha nxamnye iingcamango ngokobuhlanga, xa inoveli yakhe "Noli kum tangere" (Musani ukubachukumisa ngam) ezisekela colonial ubundlobongela, ukubawa kunye nolwaphulo esakhiweni.

Incwadi Riealya ingeniswe ngokufihlakeleyo kwiiPhilippines, amakhulu eekopi zayo kweli lizwe. gendarmes Spanish wafuna ngokungadinwayo wambamba iikopi zale ncwadi. Ababingeleli aphula ipulpiti yakhe. BakwiPhilippines amashumi yeekhilomitha ukuze ufunde okanye uphulaphule zicatshulwa zenoveli. Name Rizal iye yaphinda yathandwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwabantu.

Emigrant ezamahala Colony e Madrid lokuqinisa amatyathanga kunye .liberalami Spanish. Ngowe-1888 yayisekelwe i-Spanish-Philippine Association kwaye wakhokelelwa unjingalwazi owaziwayo ngokukhululekileyo Morayta Spanish ne Mason. A indima enkulu umbutho wadlala bakwiiPhilippines Pilar. Ekhaya, epapashwe kwi tegalskom ulwimi ilungu ngamaxesha "Te Gali Diary", nto leyo lwalusenza umyalelo bobukoloniyali kunye nalwazelelelo yemiyalelo emishini. Umzimba Hispano-Philippine Association "El Solidaridad" apapashiweyo befuna utshintsho kunye nokumelwa Philippine kwi Cortes Spanish. NguMbutho ivumelene bakwiiPhilippines eqhubekayo: Rizal, bazalwana Luna, Hayena kunye nabanye abaninzi.

inkqubo Hispano-Philippine Association elandisiweyo yabonisa kwiimfuno zoqoqosho nezopolitiko ngoohlohlesakhe bezindlu zasebukhosini nababenemihlaba abanazo Philippine nangoku wayenethemba ukuguqula ukusuka kurhulumente Spanish. Le nkqubo iquka imfuneko yokuvuselelwa zemfundo, ubulungisa, ulawulo ubhaliso yoluntu. Endle kwezoqoqosho, wathi ekukhuthazeni izityalo ngaphandle, ubambe zikaloliwe umendo, ukuba ngokuhlanganisa kumasiko tarifov.Filippiny National Organisation ...

Ezi mfuno zixhaswa ngoohlohlesakhe bezindlu zasebukhosini nababenemihlaba Spanish silinene, kukuba ngokuchasene absolutism Spanish kunye nebandla.

Le abathutha baba phantsi kwempembelelo enkulu Freemasonry, nto leyo ebangele ukuba umbutho kunye nokubulawa intshukumo anti-zoomabhalana nomzabalazo utshintsho. In Madrid ngo-1891, oko yasekwa ZePhilippines Masonic Lodge El Solidaridad. Zininzi babuyela abaqingqi kwiiPhilippines-bakwiiPhilippines baqalisa ukulungiselela ilala phakathi kwabantu basekuhlaleni. Kwisithuba seenyanga ezintandathu, Philippines wavela namagumbi 85 kunye noonxantathu. Freemasonry ushiye uphawu wayo uze 41 yonke imibutho yezopolitiko ye-Philippines.

Ngowe-1891, Rizal lapapasha ilandela enye inoveli yakhe osihloko sithi "Flibustery". Le noveli kwanikezelwa kwisikhumbuzo Burgos, Zamora Gomez. Ngowe-1892, Rizal wabuyela ekhaya ngoJulayi ka nyaka waseka kuluntu ofihlakeleyo e Manila - Philippine League (League Phi lnppina). Ibhalwe ngu yinkqubo efunekayo ubunye kwezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko Rizal 'ngayo kwiiPhilippines, ukukhuselwa kubundlobongela kunye sikweni, kukuphumeza inguqu eziyimfuneko kunye nophuhliso kwezolimo, amashishini kunye norhwebo.

Philippines Imibutho National