Apho unyaka St. Petersburg yasekwa? Ngubani wasungula St. Petersburg?

Apho unyaka St. Petersburg yasekwa? Lo mbuzo umdla kakhulu, ngenxa yokuba lo mzi kuthiwa emNtla Palmyra. abemi balo zithathwa ukuba zizifundiswa. City ixesha elide yayilikomkhulu loBukhosi Russian. Yena uzele iimyuziyam, amabhotwe, ezikhumbuzo kunye nenkcubeko.

Apho unyaka St. Petersburg yasekwa

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba May 27 1703rd ngokomyalelo Russian Tsar Peter I on Hare Island ukwakhiwa inqaba siqalisiwe. Waba isakhiwo yokuqala esixekweni, nto leyo kamva wafumana igama St Petersburg. Esi sixeko ine ngemvelaphi ngumntu.

Apho St. Petersburg yasekwa? Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba ngathi ikhule ukusuka nto nezimbuku. Noko ke, oku akuyonyaniso. unyaka yasekwa St. Petersburg kunye nendlela Wajika phandle ngokukhawuleza ndiyakhe, iza kuqhubeka. Zisuka ukuba ukwakhiwa inkqubo nzima yaye zibiza imali eninzi kakhulu.

A incinane

Settlement emlonyeni i Neva River waqalisa ukuba kwakhiwe, ukususela kwinkulungwane XIV, i balwa (Landkrona Fortress, 1300) kunye Novgorod (Ust-Ohta, 1500). Ngowe-1611, xa ekudibaneni Okhta niye Neva balwa yakha inqaba Nienschanz, kufuphi apho kungekudala wabonakala Nienshtadt yokuhlala (in Swedish - "isixeko kwi Neva"), nto leyo 1632 wafumana iwonga mzi. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XVII Nienshtadt waba zibuko urhwebo, engqongwe inani elikhulu zokuhlala. Ngowe-1703 yena yathinjwa amajoni Russian yaye igama Shlotburg.

izicwangciso zokuqala of Peter I

Ngubani wasungula St. Petersburg ezibe zinto zifuneka kuqala ukuze oku? Ukukhusela imimandla emitsha oyisa kwi-Swedish Ingria ngexesha Northern Imfazwe, Tsar uPetros ndagqiba ukwakha inqaba entsha, leyo yasekwa May 27, 1703 kwesinye iziqithi ebanzi kakhulu ye emlonyeni Neva. A June 29, e-Day St. likaPetros, le nqaba yathiywa igama eSt Peter-Burj (imbeko umpostile uPetros). Le yenye impendulo umbuzo apho unyaka St. Petersburg yasekwa. Ekuqaleni, ukuze kukhawuleziswe ulwakhiwo beendonga sathululwa komhlaba. Kunye nokudalwa izakhiwo wamatye yaqala kwiminyaka emithathu kamva. Kubonakala ukuba igama nqaba uDavide, waza wanika igama elizayo lomzi, eyaqala ukuba kwakhiwe wayijikeleza imigxobhozo ifunxwe ize iziqithi ezikufuphi.

Itempile yokuqala eSt Petersburg, restaurant kunye marina

NgoNovemba, lo 1703rd kwi Birch Island Yavulwa itempile yokuqala umzi - uBathathu Emnye. Ekuqaleni ezazakhiwe kweenkuni. Noko ke, kwiminyaka embalwa kamva yakhiwa etyeni. Ixesha lokuqala, waba iindawo engundoqo yonqulo kwikomkhulu elitsha. Kwaba apha ngo-1721-m uPetros wathabatha kwisihloko umbusi. Ummandla apho indawo itempile, ukuba igama elifanayo - Emnye. weza yena waya emlanjeni. Neva. Apha uze ubambe le marina yokuqala mzi. Ukuze naye uye wasondela iimpahla ezininzi kulayishwa kunye nokothula. bakhomba intendelezo yokuhlala lokuqala wazakhela kwi ndawo. Isiqithi, nto leyo njengenqaba, oko ngokutsha ku Hare kweso sixeko.

zokwakha

Ukukhawulezisa ulwakhiwo lwezakhiwo ilitye uPetros I zavalwa ukwakhiwa ilitye wonke eRashiya, kodwa nokungena ngamnye St. Petersburg iirhafu werhafu okhethekileyo. Le ndoda kwafuneka ukuba azise isixa esithile zamatye okanye ahlawule elilingana neli imali. Izakhiwo nazo eyakhiwe phezu komlambo. zalapho Yakhelwe. Wayakha Vasilyevsky yesiqithi uPetros wayefuna ukwenza iziko umzi. Inkqubo yokwakha kwaba nzima, kodwa lowo uyisekile St. Petersburg, kwafuneka ukuzimisela size wayesazi ukuba makenze ntoni.

Ukwakhiwa umzi, leyo kwacetywa njenge "window eYurophu", ikhokelwa ziingcali angaphandle, kwaye imisebenzi yokwakha yenziwa ngamakhoboka, njalo-njalo. N. abalimi karhulumente. bazilungiselela Last inkonzo yabasebenzi. Bathotyelwa kulo lonke eRashiya. malunga kuphela 24 amawaka abantu benza emahlathini ukugawula, ekufunxeni imigxobhozo kunye neendlela zokwakha. Ukususela 1717 abantu abangekho ababandakanyeka ekwakheni. Ngeli xesha sele elahlekileyo 6% yabasebenzi zokwakha amawaka 300.

Izakhiwo zokuqala bakhonza ngevangeli yaye, ngaphezu kwabo bonke, umsebenzi ukhuselo. Nabani na waseka St. Petersburg, eRashiya wayefuna ukuseka ubukho kulo mmandla kangangeenkulungwane. Kungekudala, ukwakha kuye kwayinto zande yaye iye yenziwa ngobunono ngakumbi ngokucwangcisiweyo. Imisebenzi kweliso nabayili abaziingcali. Ngowe-1706-m lolawulo yonke imisebenzi kunye nemibuzo-Ofisi leMicimbi Urban yadalwa. Ngowe-1716-m eyamkelwa sisicwangciso olungundoqo mzi, sungula yi womzobi Domenico Trezzini, owayesebenza esixekweni, kususela kwimini eyasekwayo. Oku ngokwale sicwangciso, i-Centre izicwangciso wabeka Vasilyevsky Island. Loo yaba yiyo kakumkani. I siqithi zihlanjwe imisele ezimbini Neva. icebo bakhe ukuyigubungela igridi geometrically rhoqo kwezitalato, kunye nokwenza imijelo eyenziweyo. Noko ke, ukwakhiwa kuphelela ngu Jean-Baptiste Leblond.

Likomkhulu bukhosi

Ewe, uPeter Omkhulu waseka St. Petersburg. Ngokuthe ngcembe lo sixeko sakhiwa ngempumelelo yaye yakhula. Inqanawa lokuqala amazwe bafika kwizibuko ngo-1703. Xa 1705th isixeko ifumene isikhukula, kwaye ngo-1712-m St. Petersburg lwabhengezwa ikomkhulu laseRashiya. Apha onke amaziko karhulumente kunye lenkundla zimisiwe. Njengoko ukuba IMfazwe Enkulu Northern ngelo xesha akukagqitywa, oko owawuza ekhethekileyo nembali - elikomkhulu urhulumente emhlabeni enye. St. Petersburg wahlala ikomkhulu Russia de-1918, xa waphinda wathi eMoscow.

Ngo-1709, isikolo sikarhulumente yokuqala eRashiya yavulwa eSt Petersburg in th-1719 - imyuziyam lokuqala (Kunstkamera). Ngowe-1724-m yasekwa St Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Ngowe-1728-m sipapasha iphephandaba lokuqala Russian. Ngowe-1851 St Petersburg kwakunxibelelene eMoscow 451 ngekhilomitha-kaloliwe.

Ngalo lonke ixesha sisekho wayo, esi sixeko ngokutsha izihlandlo ezininzi (e Petrograd ngowe-1914, iLeningrad ngo-1924). Ngowe-1991, yena wabuyela igama lokuqala. Yeyona inkulu yesithathu phakathi kwezixeko Europe. Xa 1725th yabemi St. Petersburg abantu malunga 40 amawaka, uninzi lwabo zomkhosi, abahlali kwiidolophana ezingabamelwane, kwakunye inqaba, athethwa isixeko umsebenzi wokwakha. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane kwakukho abemi malunga 200 lamawaka. Ngoku St. Petersburg likhaya kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5.

khona

1 Petros waseka St. Petersburg, yaye isixeko baba Likhonkco eli lizwe. Okwangoku, kukho malunga 1200 izitrato kunye amabandla angaphezu kwama-70. Abakhenkethi akayi kubashiya ezinika xa ebona ezifana Kronstadt, Gostiny Dvor, eSt uPetros noPawulos Cathedral kunye uPetros Paul Fortress, i Winter Palace, i Hermitage, Kunstkamera kunye nabanye. Yizani umzi kwi Neva, ngamadlelane imbali ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe!