Wenza njani VPN-intanethi?

Ingcamango iiwebhsayithi yabucala enembonakalo yenyani, olufinyeziweyo njengoko VPN (ukusuka IsiNgesi Virtual Network Private), wabonakala technology computer esanda. Ukwenza uqhagamshelwano hlobo kuvunyelwa ukuba bazidibanise zoku khompyutha kunye yenethiwekhi yeselula virtual ngaphandle iingcingo njengesiqhelo, kungakhathaliseki ukusuka ekuyo terminal ethile. Ngoku cinga umbuzo indlela VPN-intanethi, yaye kwangaxeshanye ukunika ingcebiso ethile zokusebenzisa i networks ezinjalo kunye software client enxulumene.

Yintoni a VPN?

Njengoko kucacile, VPN i inethwekhi yabucala kunye nezixhobo ezininzi ezihambelana noko. Ngaba siyazikhohlisa - ukuqhagamshela ezinjengeetheminali amabini okanye amathathu elinesibini ebandakanyekayo ikhompyutha (njengoko kungenziwa kwi "lokalke") idla ayisebenzi. Ayenzi yayo yoqwalaselo network, okanye kwi amandla umzila elinoxanduva bokunikeza IP-iidilesi kunye nokudluliselwa data.

Noko ke, le mbono ekuqaleni ezibekiweyo technology uxhulumaniso asinto intsha. Wazama ukuthethelela ixesha elide. Kwaye abaninzi abasebenzisi namhlanje lothungelwano computer okwangoku kuba bengazi ukuba yintoni abayaziyo malunga bonke ubomi bam, kodwa nje akazange azame ukufumana kokukhutshwa engundoqo.

wenza njani VPN-uqhagamshelwano: imigaqo esisiseko kunye nobugcisa

Kuba ukuqonda ngcono sinikela umzekelo elula kakhulu, nto leyo eyaziwa nawuphi na umntu mihla. Fumana ubuncinane unomathotholo. Ngapha koko, enyanisweni, kuba iyunithi esikhupha (umguquleli), loo mbambano unit (zabaphindayo) linoxanduva yokudluliswa kunye nokusasazwa imiqondiso kunye kwisixhobo eso siwamkelayo umyalezo (receiver).

Enye into kukuba umqondiso ethunyelwayo ngokupheleleyo bonke abasebenzisi, kwaye onyuliwe inethwekhi, ngokudibanisa ndawonye omnye umnatha, kuphela izixhobo ezithile. Qaphela ukuba akukho yokuqala okanye imeko yesibini, iingcingo loqhakamshelwano le yokusasaza nokufumana izixhobo ukuba babelane data omnye komnye, nje efunekayo.

Kodwa apha kukho ubuqili. Isibakala sokuba uphawu original akakhuselekanga, oko kukuthi, ukuba singathatha nasiphi na unomathotholo ham usebenzisa iyunithi i qho ezifanelekileyo. wenza i VPN njani? Ewe, kanye. Kuphela kulo mzekelo, indima edlalwe yi-umzila relay (a umzila okanye ADSL-modem), kunye nendima yomfumani - computer emileyo, laptop, okanye ifowuni, ethe isixhobo zanikezelwa umnqongo ngengcingo (Wi-Fi).

Kuwo wonke lo data evela kumthombo, ekuqaleni ifihliwe, uze kuphela ngokusebenzisa idikhowuda ekhethekileyo aveliswa isixhobo esithile. Lo mgaqo uxhulumaniso ebizwa nge VPN etoneleni. Kwaye lo mgaqo ingqamana unxibelelwano ezithwalwayo kangangoko lexikulu xa kwenzeka lo enye kwi sombhalisi ethile.

Tunneling uthungelwano virtual lendawo

Masiqonde ukuba asebenze njani kwimo etoneleni VPN. Enyanisweni, oku kuquka ukwakhiwa yomgca othile, nithi, ukususela kwinqanaba «A» ukuya kwindawo «B», xa data zothumelo evela kumthombo central (umzila kunye uxhulumaniso kumncedisi) ukumisela zonke izixhobo womnatha ngokuzenzekelayo xa uqwalaselo kwangaphambili.

Ngamanye amazwi, Itonela obuyiyile encoding kunye ukucazulula idatha ethunyelwe kwi irisithi. Kubonakala ukuba akukho omnye umsebenzisi, owayezama ukuba ganga ngoku data yolu hlobo kwinkqubo ukutshintshwa, abayi kuba nako ukuwuqonda.

ndlela ukusebenza

Enye zixhobo zinamandla olu hlobo unxulumano kwi ngokhuseleko ngexesha elifanayo kwi Cisco Systems. Noko ke, abanye abalawuli ongenamava umbuzo umbuzo, kutheni awusebenzisi VPN-Sisco-izixhobo.

Elidityaniswe yokuqala zonke nje imizila kahle zisetwa abaqhubi ezifana D-Link okanye ZyXEL, efuna kulungelelana nje ngenxa yokuba baxhotyiswa firewall eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi.

Ukongeza, kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo imizobo iintambo. Kusenokubakho ezimbini: indlela-to-ndlela, okanye ufikelelo ekude. Kwimeko yokuqala sithetha yokudibanisa ezininzi zokulawula izixhobo, kwaye eyesibini - ulawulo connectivity okanye data transfer nge ufikelelo olusisiseko.

Izivumelwano yokungena

Ngokumalunga iprotocol namhlanje ngokuyintloko kusetyenziswa isixhobo kuqwalaselo PCP kwinqanaba / IP, nangona elandelwayo zendawo VPN zinokwahluka.

Ndayeka ukusebenza VPN? Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukujonga ezinye izicwangciso efihliweyo. Umzekelo, ngokusekelwe ubuchwepheshe TCP elandelwayo ezongezelelweyo PPP kunye PPTP uya ujonge TCP / IP Izivumelwano neentango, kodwa ukudibanisa, umzekelo, kwimeko PPTP IP-iidilesi ezimbini kufuneka izakusetyenziswa endaweni eyodwa. Noko ke, kuyo nayiphi na imeko, Tunneling iquka ukudluliswa data livalelwe uhlobo lwangaphakathi IPX olandelwayo okanye NetBEUI, kwaye babonelelwe headers ezizodwa ezisekelwe PPP for data unimpeded ehambelanayo umqhubi womnatha.

Kuba TCP / IP isikakhulu kucetyiswa ukuba ukhethe ukufunyanwa okuzenzekelayo idilesi zaseprayimari ekhethwayo DNS-server. Ngaloo ukusebenza lomncedisi womntu onegunya le kufuneka zicinywe (hayi kuphela iidilesi zendawo).

izixhobo zekhompyutha

Ngoku khangela kule imeko xa kuvela umbuzo, kutheni ukusebenza VPN. Isibakala sokuba le ngxaki ukuze ngenxa beziko olungachanekanga kwezixhobo, kakade. Kodwa kunokwenzeka yaye imeko eyahlukileyo.

Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo ngokwabo imizila ukuba enze ulawulo uqhagamshelo. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, kuyimfuneko ukuba basebenzise izixhobo kuphela efanelekileyo parameters uqhagamshelo.

Umzekelo, imizila ezifana di-808HV kunye di-804HV angabonelela uqhagamshelwano ukuya izixhobo amane ngaxeshanye. Ke izixhobo ZyXEL, kwiimeko ezininzi, ngoko nkqu ukusebenza ngapha yokusebenza ZyNOS eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi womnatha, kodwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa umgca yomyalelo nge Telnet protocol. indlela enjalo ikuvumela ukuba uqwalasele naziphi na izixhobo kunye data zothumelo kwi network ezintathu Ethernet bume ekwabelwana ngazo ukudluliselwa IP-traffic ngokunjalo ukusebenzisa unique Nayiphi-IP zobuchwepheshe ngenxa yokwenza itafile esemgangathweni imizila ayise zendlela esangweni for iinkqubo eziye iqwalaselwe kwasekuqaleni ukusebenza kwezinye subnets.

Kuthekani ukuba ayisebenzi VPN (Windows 10 no kamva)?

Imeko yokuqala ibalulekileyo - ukuthotyelwa output nee-input keys (Keys Pre-ekwabelwana). Kufuneka kube njalo kuwo omabini iziphelo tonela. Apha ke kubalulekile ukunikela ingqalelo ufihlo cryptographic (IKE okanye Manual) kunye ubukho ububhali umsebenzi okanye ngaphandle kwayo.

Umzekelo, i-protocol efanayo AH (uguqulelo IsiNgesi - Uqinisekiso ephepheni) inika nje kuphela ubukho bokusetyenziswa ugunyaziso ngaphandle kofihlo.

VPN-abaxhasi kunye nezicwangciso zabo

Njengoko kuba VPN-client, ngoko akukho lula ngolo hlobo. Iinkqubo ezininzi isekelwe phezu kwezi lobuchwepheshe, sebenzisa iindlela umgangatho ulungelelwaniso. Noko ke, kukho izinto ezithile ezingavela.

Ingxaki kukuba kungakhathaliseki ukuba ukufaka indlela umxhasi xa kusetyenziswa inkonzo icinyiwe kwi "cacis" nto ezininzi ezilungileyo uya kuza kuyo. Yiyo le nto kufuneka ukuba basebenzise ezi zicwangciso kwi Windows kuqala, ngoko zibandakanya phezu umzila (umzila), kodwa ke kuphela emva kokuba uzama ukuseta client.

Kufuneka ukwenza uxhulumaniso olutsha kwinkqubo, kunokuba usebenzise zikhona. Kule stop angeke, njengokuba inkqubo esezantsi, kodwa umzila kuya kufuneka ukuba ufake useto ezongezelelweyo (idla ibekwe WLAN Udibaniso menu Uhlobo) kwaye kusebenze yonke into enxulumene ne VPN-server.

Worth ukuphawula kwakhona yokuba umncedisi virtual kwakuza kufuneka ukuba sifakwe kwinkqubo njengoko inkqubo ehamba. Kodwa ke ngoko inokusetyenziswa ngaphandle hlengahlengiso manual, nje ngokukhetha dislocation elikufutshane.

Enye kakhulu zithandwa kwaye kakhulu kulula ukuyisebenzisa nga ngokuba VPN umxhasi-server egama SecurityKISS. Le nkqubo ibekwe ngaphandle koqiniso, kodwa ngoko nkqu zicwangciso mfuneko ukuya ukuqinisekisa uqhagamshelwano efanelekileyo kuzo zonke izixhobo eqhagamshelwe isandi.

Kuyenzeka ukuba ngokwaneleyo kakuhle yaziwa kwaye ethandwa package of Kerio VPN Client ayisebenzi. Apha kuyimfuneko ukunikela ingqalelo kungekuphela nje ukuqwalasela umzila okanye "cacis" abaninzi, kodwa kwi parameters yenkqubo client. Njengoko umthetho, intshayelelo yemida bokwenyaniso kuvumela ukuphelisa le ngxaki. Kwityala kakhulu kuyimfuneko ukukhangela izi zicwangciso ze unxulumano eziphambili kwaye usebenzise TCP / IP protocol (v4 / v6).

Yintoni umphumo?

Siye sahlolisisa indlela VPN. Enyanisweni, akukho nzima kwi uxhulumaniso ukuba indalo kothungelwano ezinjalo. Ubunzima ephambili ilele ekumiseleni izixhobo ezithile kunye neentlobo zayo ufakelo, leyo, ngelishwa, abasebenzisi abaninzi ngoyaba, sithembele yokuba yonke le nkqubo iya kuncitshiswa ukuba automatism.

Kwelinye icala, kakhulu imiba enxulumene ubuchule ukusebenza ngokwabo VPN uthungelwano virtual thina, ngoko ulungise izixhobo, faka abaqhubi isixhobo, njalo njalo. D. Baye imiyalelo ezahlukeneyo kunye neengcebiso.